Program Notes: The Newsletter of Literary Managers and Dramaturgs of America, volume 2, number 3

Convention Issue: Report from the President, They Showed Us in Missouri: A Personal View, Membership News,Regional News and Views: Celtic Writers, New Plays Down South, Bay Area New Play Development, LMDA Responds to McNally, Profiles in Dramaturgy: Richard Pettengill, American Developmental Theater, On the Western Front, New Play Venues in New York City, and Poses and Postures in the Southeast. Issue editors: Richard E. Kramer, Jeffery Lawson, and Laurence Maslonhttps://soundideas.pugetsound.edu/lmdareview/1004/thumbnail.jp

Synthesis of methacrylate-terminated block copolymers with reduced transesterification by controlled ring-opening polymerization

This work presents a robust method to achieve the synthesis of low molecular weight polyesters 26 via ring-opening polymerization (ROP) initiated by 2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate (HEMA) 27 when using triazabicyclodecene (TBD) as catalyst. The effect that the HEMA:TBD ratio has 28 upon the final reaction rate and final polymer molecular architecture is discussed. The optimum 29 HEMA:TBD ratio and reaction conditions required to minimize competing transesterification 30 reactions were determined, in order to synthesize successfully the target ROP macromonomer 31 species containing only a single 2-methacryloyloxyethyl end-group. Additionally, to confirm 32 the terminal end-group fidelity of the product macromonomers and confirm TBD utility for 33 block copolymer manufacture, a small series of di-block polyesters were synthesized using 34 TBD and shown to exhibit good control over the final polymer structure whilst negating the 35 side transesterification reactions, irrespective of the monomers used

International genome-wide meta-analysis identifies new primary biliary cirrhosis risk loci and targetable pathogenic pathways.

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a classical autoimmune liver disease for which effective immunomodulatory therapy is lacking. Here we perform meta-analyses of discovery data sets from genome-wide association studies of European subjects (n=2,764 cases and 10,475 controls) followed by validation genotyping in an independent cohort (n=3,716 cases and 4,261 controls). We discover and validate six previously unknown risk loci for PBC (Pcombined<5 × 10(-8)) and used pathway analysis to identify JAK-STAT/IL12/IL27 signalling and cytokine-cytokine pathways, for which relevant therapies exist

Comparing Effects of Nutrients on Algal Biomass in Streams in Two Regions with Different Disturbance Regimes and with Applications for Developing Nutrient Criteria

Responses of stream algal biomass to nutrient enrichment were studied in two regions where differences in hydrologic variability cause great differences in herbivory. Around northwestern Kentucky (KY) hydrologic variability constrains invertebrate biomass and their effects on algae, but hydrologic stability in Michigan (MI) streams permits accrual of high herbivore densities and herbivory of benthic algae. Multiple indicators of algal biomass and nutrient availability were measured in 104 streams with repeated sampling at each site over a 2−month period. Many measures of algal biomass and nutrient availability were positively correlated in both regions, however the amount of variation explained varied with measures of biomass and nutrient concentration and with region. Indicators of diatom biomass were higher in KY than MI, but were not related to nutrient concentrations in either region. Chl   a and % area of substratum covered by Cladophora were positively correlated to nutrient concentrations in both regions. Cladophora responded significantly more to nutrients in MI than KY. Total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) explained similar amounts of variation in algal biomass, and not significantly more variation in biomass than dissolved nutrient concentrations. Low N:P ratios in the benthic algae indicated N as well as P may be limiting their accrual. Most observed responses in benthic algal biomass occurred in nutrient concentrations between 10 and 30 μg TP  l −1 and between 400 and 1000 μg TN l −1 .Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/42905/1/10750_2005_Article_1611.pd

Measuring the Difference: Guide to Planning and Evaluating Health Information Outreach

This 130-page guide is a primer (including tools and resources) for planning and evaluating health information programs. It was developed by the National Network of Libraries of Medicine, Pacific Northwest Region and the National Library of Medicine