Studies on the Conversion of Carbon-14 Dioxide into Glutamic Acid in Nicotiana Rustica L. and On the Hormonal Control of Pyruvate-2-�?c Metabolism in Rat Liver

Chemistr

Effect of Immunoglobulin Therapy on the Rate of Infections in Multiple Myeloma Patients Undergoing Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation or Treated with Immunomodulatory Agents.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is associated with a significant risk of infection due to immune dysfunction. Infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in MM patients. There are few data available regarding the prevalence of infection in MM patients, especially in conjunction with newer generations of immunomodulatory drugs (thalidomide, bortezomib, lenalidomide) or post autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has been used successfully to reduce infection rates in the stable phase of MM, with limited data in other stages

Collisional Evolution of Irregular Satellite Swarms: Detectable Dust around Solar System and Extrasolar Planets

Since the 1980's it has been becoming increasingly clear that the Solar System's irregular satellites are collisionally evolved. We derive a general model for the collisional evolution of an irregular satellite swarm and apply it to the Solar System and extrasolar planets. Our model reproduces the Solar System's complement of observed irregulars well, and suggests that the competition between grain-grain collisions and Poynting-Robertson (PR) drag helps set the fate of the dust. Because swarm collision rates decrease over time the main dust sink can change with time, and may help unravel the accretion history of synchronously rotating regular satellites that show brightness asymmetries. Some level of dust must be present on AU scales around the Solar System's giant planets, which we predict may be at detectable levels. We also predict whether dust produced by extrasolar circumplanetary swarms can be detected. The coronagraphic instruments on JWST will have the ability to detect the dust generated by these swarms, which are most detectable around planets that orbit at tens of AU from the youngest stars. Because the collisional decay of swarms is relatively insensitive to planet mass, swarms can be much brighter than their host planets and allow discovery of Neptune-mass planets that would otherwise remain invisible. This dust may have already been detected. The observations of the planet Fomalhaut b can be explained as scattered light from dust produced by the collisional decay of an irregular satellite swarm around a 10 Earth-mass planet. Such a swarm comprises about 5 Lunar masses worth of irregular satellites. Finally, we consider what happens if Fomalhaut b passes through Fomalhaut's main debris ring, which allows the circumplanetary swarm to be replenished through collisions with ring planetesimals. (abridged)Comment: accepted to MNRA

Anomalous transverse acoustic phonon broadening in the relaxor ferroelectric Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O_3

The intrinsic linewidth $\Gamma_{TA}$ of the transverse acoustic (TA) phonon observed in the relaxor ferroelectric compound Pb(Mg$_{1/3}$Nb$_{2/3})_{0.8}$Ti$_{0.2}$O$_3$ (PMN-20%PT) begins to broaden with decreasing temperature around 650 K, nearly 300 K above the ferroelectric transition temperature $T_c$ ($\sim 360$ K). We speculate that this anomalous behavior is directly related to the condensation of polarized, nanometer-sized, regions at the Burns temperature $T_d$. We also observe the ``waterfall'' anomaly previously seen in pure PMN, in which the transverse optic (TO) branch appears to drop precipitously into the TA branch at a finite momentum transfer $q_{wf} \sim 0.15$ \AA$^{-1}$. The waterfall feature is seen even at temperatures above $T_d$. This latter result suggests that the PNR exist as dynamic entities above $T_d$.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

The most creative organization in the world? The BBC, 'creativity' and managerial style

The managerial styles of two BBC directors-general, John Birt and Greg Dyke, have often been contrasted but not so far analysed from the perspective of their different views of 'creative management'. This article first addresses the orthodox reading of 'Birtism'; second, it locates Dyke's 'creative' turn in the wider context of fashionable neo-management theory and UK government creative industries policy; third, it details Dyke's drive to change the BBC's culture; and finally, it concludes with some reflections on the uncertainties inherent in managing a creative organisation

LABOCA observations of nearby, active galaxies

We present large scale 870 micron maps of the nearby starburst galaxies NGC253, NGC4945 and the nearest giant elliptical radio galaxy Centaurus A (NGC 5128) obtained with the newly commissioned Large Apex Bolometer Camera (LABOCA) operated at the APEX telescope. Our continuum images reveal for the first time the distribution of cold dust at a angular resolution of 20" across the entire optical disks of NGC253 and NGC4945 out to a radial distance of 10' (7.5 kpc). In NGC5128 our LABOCA image also shows, for the first time at submillimeter wavelengths, the synchrotron emission associated with the radio jet and the inner radio lobes. From an analysis of the 870 micron emission in conjunction with ISO-LWS, IRAS and long wavelengths radio data we find temperatures for the cold dust in the disks of all three galaxies of 17-20 K, comparable to the dust temperatures in the disk of the Milky Way. The total gas mass in the three galaxies is determined to be 2.1, 4.2 and 2.8 x 10^9 solar masses for NGC253, NGC4945 and NGC5128, respectively. A detailed comparison between the gas masses derived from the dust continuum and the integrated CO(1-0) intensity in NGC253 suggests that changes of the CO luminosity to molecular mass conversion factor are mainly driven by a metallicity gradient and only to a lesser degree by variations of the CO excitation. An analysis of the synchrotron spectrum in the northern radio lobe of NGC5128 shows that the synchrotron emission from radio to the ultraviolet wavelengths is well described by a broken power law and that the break frequency is a function of the distance from the radio core as expected for aging electrons. We derive an outflow speed of ~0.5c at a distance of 2.6kpc from the center, consistent with the speed derived in the vicinity of the nucleus.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in A&

Educating for Appropriate Design Practice: Insights from Design Innovation

With design disciplines and territories expanding rapidly and design being positioned as a potential means of responding to grand global challenges, graduates of today are increasingly expected to work in dynamic and fluid ways, able to approach any wicked problem creatively. We contend that a design innovation approach is about developing agility and flexibility to be able to respond to any complex scenario where design could be employed or required. Using an action research approach within a single case study, which draws upon a current PGT program in design innovation, we propose that there is value in training students in four key areas: (1) understanding a context before responding, (2) engendering empathy, (3) crafting appropriate research methods, and (4) bringing form to the intangible complex. To illustrate how this is operationalized, we draw on the experiences of a residential student trip, where design innovation master’s students worked with cohorts from two international schools. We fully acknowledge that one learning experience, despite being shared by three institutions, does not mean that solid and scalable conclusions can be drawn, but we offer our insights to date for discussion and to inform future learning activities and curriculum designs

A multidimensional model of mothers’ perceptions of parent alcohol socialization and adolescent alcohol misuse.

We assessed a multidimensional model of parent alcohol socialization in which key socialization factors were considered simultaneously to identify combinations of factors that increase or decrease risk for development of adolescent alcohol misuse. Of interest was the interplay between putative risk and protective factors, such as whether the typically detrimental effects on youth drinking of parenting practices tolerant of some adolescent alcohol use are mitigated by an effective overall approach to parenting and parental modeling of modest alcohol use. The sample included 1,530 adolescents and their mothers; adolescents’ mean age was 13.0 (SD = .99) at the initial assessment. Latent profile analysis was conducted of mothers’ reports of their attitude toward teen drinking, alcohol-specific parenting practices, parental alcohol use and problem use, and overall approach to parenting. The profiles were used to predict trajectories of adolescent alcohol misuse from early to middle adolescence. Four profiles were identified: two profiles reflected conservative alcohol-specific parenting practices and two reflected alcohol-tolerant practices, all in the context of other attributes. Alcohol misuse accelerated more rapidly from grade 6 through 10 in the two alcohol-tolerant compared with conservative profiles. Results suggest that maternal tolerance of some youth alcohol use, even in the presence of dimensions of an effective parenting style and low parental alcohol use and problem use, is not an effective strategy for reducing risky adolescent alcohol use

Ground State of Relaxor Ferroelectric Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3Pb(Zn_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})O_3

High energy x-ray diffraction measurements on Pb(Zn$_{1/3}$Nb$_{2/3}$)O$_3$ (PZN) single crystals show that the system does not have a rhombohedral symmetry at room temperature as previously believed. The new phase (X) in the bulk of the crystal gives Bragg peaks similar to that of a nearly cubic lattice with a slight tetragonal distortion. The Bragg profile remains sharp with no evidence of size broadening due to the polar micro crystals (MC). However, in our preliminary studies of the skin, we have found the expected rhombohedral (R) phase as a surface state. On the other hand, studies on an electric-field poled PZN single crystal clearly indicate a rhombohedral phase at room temperature.Comment: 11 pages with 3 figure