175 research outputs found
Using standard treatment and offloading principles to heal a wound of a patient who ambulates upon âall foursâ
Total contact cast wall load in patients with a plantar forefoot ulcer and diabetes
BACKGROUND: The total contact cast (TCC) is an effective intervention to reduce plantar pressure in patients with diabetes and a plantar forefoot ulcer. The walls of the TCC have been indirectly shown to bear approximately 30Â % of the plantar load. A new direct method to measure inside the TCC walls with capacitance sensors has shown that the anterodistal and posterolateral-distal regions of the lower leg bear the highest load. The objective of this study was to directly measure these two regions in patients with Diabetes and a plantar forefoot ulcer to further understand the mechanism of pressure reduction in the TCC. METHODS: A TCC was applied to 17 patients with Diabetes and a plantar forefoot ulcer. TCC wall load (contact area, peak pressure and max force) at the anterodistal and posterolateral-distal regions of the lower leg were evaluated with two capacitance sensor strips measuring 90 cm(2) (plianceÂŽ, novel GmbH, Germany). Plantar load (contact area, peak pressure and max force) was measured with a capacitance sensor insole (pedarÂŽ, novel GmbH, Germany) placed inside the TCC. Both pedarÂŽ and plianceÂŽ collected data simultaneously at a sampling rate of 50Hz synchronised to heel strike. The magnitude of TCC wall load as a proportion of plantar load was calculated. The TCC walls were then removed to determine the differences in plantar loading between the TCC and the cut down shoe-cast for the whole foot, rearfoot, midfoot and forefoot (region of interest). RESULTS: TCC wall load was substantial. The anterodistal lower leg recorded 48Â % and the posterolateral-distal lower leg recorded 34Â % of plantar contact area. The anterodistal lower leg recorded 28Â % and the posterolateral-distal lower leg recorded 12Â % of plantar peak pressure. The anterodistal lower leg recorded 12Â % and the posterolateral-distal lower leg recorded 4Â % of plantar max force. There were significant differences in plantar load between the TCC and the cut down shoe-cast for the whole foot, rearfoot, midfoot and forefoot (region of ulcer). Contact area significantly increased by 5Â % beneath the whole foot, 8Â % at the midfoot and 6Â % at the forefoot in the shoe-cast (pâ<â0.05). Peak pressure significantly increased by 8Â % beneath the midfoot and 13Â % at the forefoot in the shoe-cast (pâ<â0.05). Max force significantly increased 6Â % beneath the midfoot in the (shoe-cast pâ<â0.05). CONCLUSION: In patients with diabetes and a plantar forefoot ulcer, the walls of the TCC bear considerable load. Reduced plantar contact area in the TCC compared to the shoe-cast suggests that the foot is suspended by the considerable load bearing capacity of the walls of the TCC which contributes mechanically to the pressure reduction and redistribution properties of the TCC
Mapping load transfer from the plantar surface of the foot to the wall of the total contact cast (TCC)
Individual differences in anchoring: Numerical ability, education and experience
Anchoring is a well-known effect leading to bias in estimation in various decision-making contexts. A question, however, is whether individuals with greater numerical and academic ability would be less prone to this effect than others because of greater ability to discern the value being estimated. In light of growing interest in the role of individual differences in bias susceptibility, anchoring was examined in a simulated poker-like card game, using people with varying levels of academic achievement and psychometric reasoning scores. The results showed that anchoring susceptibility was unrelated to education levels, but negatively associated with numerical reasoning and cognitive reflection scores. This result, however, was mediated by task expertise because participants with higher cognitive abilities were those more likely to display improvements in anchoring performance over the course of the experiment.Matthew B. Welsh, Paul Delfabbro, Nicholas R. Burns and Steve H. Beg
The Zoobenthos of Loch Leven, Kinross, and Estimates of its Production in the Sandy Littoral Area during 1970 and 1971
Mapping load transfer from the plantar surface of the foot to the walls of the total contact cast (TCC)
Diet and bone mineral density study in postmenopausal women from the TwinsUK registry shows a negative association with a traditional English dietary pattern and a positive association with wine
Background: The effect of diet on bone mineral density (BMD) remains controversial, mainly because of difficulties in isolating dietary factors from the confounding influences of age, lifestyle, and genetic factors. Objective: The aim of this study was to use a novel method to examine the relation between BMD and diet. Design: A co-twin control study design with linear regression modeling was used to test for associations between BMD and habitual intakes of calcium, vitamin D, protein, and alcohol plus 5 previously identified dietary patterns in postmenopausal women from the TwinsUK registry. This approach exploited the unique matching of twins to provide an estimate of an association that was not confounded by age, genetic background, or shared lifestyle. Results: In >2000 postmenopausal women (BMD data on 1019, 1218, and 1232 twin pairs at the hip neck, hip, and spine, respectively), we observed a positive association between alcohol intake (from wine but not from beer or spirits) and spine BMD (P = 0.01) and a negative association with a traditional 20th-century English diet at the hip neck (P = 0.01). Both associations remained borderline significant after adjustment for mean twin-pair intakes (P = 0.04 and P = 0.055, respectively). Other dietary patterns and intakes of calcium, vitamin D, and protein were unrelated to BMD. Conclusion: Our results showed that diet has an independent but subtle effect on BMD; wine intake was positively associated with spine BMD, whereas a traditional (20th-century) English diet had a negative association with hip BMD
Captured by the camera's eye: Guantanamo and the shifting frame of the Global War on Terror
In January 2002, images of the detention of prisoners held at US Naval Station Guantanamo Bay as part of the Global War on Terrorism were released by the US Department of Defense, a public relations move that Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld later referred to as âprobably unfortunateâ. These images, widely reproduced in the media,
quickly came to symbolise the facility and the practices at work there. Nine years on, the images of orange-clad âdetaineesâ â the âorange seriesâ â remain a powerful symbol of US military practices and play a significant role in the resistance to the site. However, as the site has evolved, so too has its visual representation. Official images of these new facilities not only document this evolution but work to constitute, through a careful (re)framing (literal and figurative), a new (re)presentation of the site, and therefore the identities of those
involved. The new series of images not only (re)inscribes the identities of detainees as dangerous but, more importantly, work to constitute the US State as humane and modern. These images are part of a broader effort by the US administration to resituate its image, and remind us, as IR scholars, to look at the diverse set of practices (beyond simply spoken language) to understand the complexity of international politic
Brexucabtagene autoleucel for relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma in the United Kingdom: A realâworld intentionâtoâtreat analysis
Brexucabtagene autoleucel (brexuâcel) is an autologous CD19 CAR Tâcell product, approved for relapsed/refractory (r/r) mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). In ZUMAâ2, brexuâcel demonstrated impressive responses in patients failing âĽ2 lines, including a bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor, with an overall and complete response rate of 93% and 67%, respectively. Here, we report our realâworld intentionâtoâtreat (ITT) outcomes for brexuâcel in consecutive, prospectively approved patients, from 12 institutions in the United Kingdom between February 2021 and June 2023, with a focus on feasibility, efficacy, and tolerability. Of 119 approved, 104 underwent leukapheresis and 83 received a brexuâcel infusion. Progressive disease (PD) and/or manufacturing (MF) were the most common reasons for failure to reach harvest and/or infusion. For infused patients, best overall and complete response rates were 87% and 81%, respectively. At a median followâup of 13.3 months, median progressionâfree survival (PFS) for infused patients was 21 months (10.1âNA) with a 6â and 12âmonth PFS of 82% (95% confidence interval [CI], 71â89) and 62% (95% CI, 49â73), respectively. âĽGrade 3 cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity occurred in 12% and 22%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, inferior PFS was associated with male sex, bulky disease, ECOG PS > 1 and previous MF. Cumulative incidence of nonârelapse mortality (NRM) was 6%, 15%, and 25% at 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively, and mostly attributable to infection. Outcomes for infused patients in the UK are comparable to ZUMAâ2 and other realâworld reports. However, ITT analysis highlights a significant dropout due to PD and/or MF. NRM events warrant further attention
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