Attitudes of undergraduate nursing students to cultural diversity: (Portuguese-Spanish) in a transboundary context.

Our main goal was to identify the attitudes of nursing students to cultural diversity in a healthcare setting, and find the potential relationship between this and the students' national background and their knowledge of cultural diversity. A descriptive observational study comparing two culturally different populations within a cross-border area (Algarve-Huelva) was conducted. The attitudes of the participants were measured across six categories: this study will describe the most significant ones. The cultural context is essential to the development of attitudes to immigration. Nursing care is a communicative act and encountering the "other" the core of the nursing professionals' work. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd

Alcohol Use and Sexual Violence among Nursing Students in Catalonia, Spain: A Multicentre Cross-sectional Study

Background: Sexual violence (SV) has become common in universities for reasons related to unwanted social/peer pressures regarding alcohol/drug use and sexual activities. Objectives: To identify perceptions of SV and alcohol use and estimate prevalence among nursing students in Catalonia, Spain. (2) Methods: Observational descriptive cross-sectional study of a convenience sample of nursing students attending public universities. (3) Results: We recruited 686 students (86.11% women), who reported as follows: 68.7% had consumed alcohol, 65.6% had been drunk at least once in the previous year, 62.65% had experienced blackouts and 25.55% had felt pressured to consume alcohol. Drunkenness and blackouts were related (p < 0.000). Of the 15.6% of respondents who had experienced SV, 47.7% experienced SV while under the influence of alcohol and were insufficiently alert to stop what was happening, while 3.06% reported rape. SV was more likely to be experienced by women (OR: 2.770; CI 95%: 1.229-6.242; p = 0.014), individuals reporting a drunk episode in the previous year (OR: 2.839; 95% CI: 1.551-5.197; p = 0.001) and individuals pressured to consume alcohol (OR: 2.091; 95% CI: 1.332-3.281; p = 0.001). (4) Conclusions: Nursing instructors need to raise student awareness of both the effects of alcohol use and SV, so as to equip these future health professionals with the knowledge and skills necessary to deal with SV among young people

Percepción de la violencia de pareja en estudiantes de enfermería: adaptación y validación de una escala

Introducció: La violència contra la dona i en particular la violència de parella (VP), constitueix un important problema en la societat actual. Els professionals de la salut i en particular les infermeres (es), estan en una posició privilegiada per identificar i ajudar a les dones víctimes de VP, ja que sovint, són el seu primer contacte en els serveis de salut. Per poder desenvolupar accions formatives encaminades a la capacitació dels futurs professionals, un element previ és conèixer la percepció dels estudiants respecte a aquesta problemàtica. Objectiu: Adaptar i validar l'escala per avaluar la percepció de la violència de parella, dels autors australians Beccaria, et al. (2011). Metodologia: Es va desenvolupar un estudi mètric i descriptiu en una mostra de 1064 estudiants de primer a quart curs d'infermeria de quatre universitats públiques de Catalunya. Traducció, adaptació i validació de contingut dels ítems. Es van realitzar anàlisis estadístiques i exploració de l'estructura factorial i de fiabilitat de l'instrument. Resultats: L'escala obtinguda, de quatre factors i 32 ítems, es va denominar escala de Percepció de la Violència de Parella a Estudiants d'Infermeria (EPVP-EE). La mateixa va mostrar nivells acceptables de consistència interna i aportar evidències de la seva validesa de constructe. Conclusions: Es va concloure que l'instrument és fiable i vàlid; aplicar-lo permetrà estudiar la percepció de la violència de parella dels estudiants i planificar accions formatives per a la capacitació d'aquests futurs professionals, a les escoles i facultats d'infermeria de les universitats de la Comunitat Autònoma de Catalunya.Introducción: La violencia contra la mujer y en particular la violencia de pareja (VP), constituye un importante problema en la sociedad actual. Los profesionales de la salud y en particular las enfermeras(os), están en una posición privilegiada para identificar y ayudar a las mujeres víctimas de VP, dado que a menudo, son su primer contacto en los servicios de salud. Para poder desarrollar acciones formativas encaminadas a la capacitación de los futuros profesionales, un elemento previo es conocer la percepción de los estudiantes respecto a esta problemática. Objetivo: Adaptar y validar la escala para evaluar la percepción de la violencia de pareja, de los autores australianos Beccaria, et al. (2011). Metodología: Se desarrolló un estudio métrico y descriptivo en una muestra de 1064 estudiantes de primero a cuarto curso de enfermería de cuatro universidades públicas de Cataluña. Traducción, adaptación y validación de contenido de los ítems. Se realizaron análisis estadísticos y exploración de la estructura factorial y de fiabilidad del instrumento. Resultados: La escala obtenida, de cuatro factores y 32 ítems, se denominó Escala de Percepción de la Violencia de Pareja en Estudiantes de Enfermería (EPVP-EE). La misma mostró niveles aceptables de consistencia interna y aportó evidencias de su validez de constructo. Conclusiones: Se concluyó que el instrumento es fiable y válido; aplicarlo permitirá estudiar la percepción de la violencia de pareja en dichos estudiantes y planificar acciones formativas para la capacitación de estos futuros profesionales, en las escuelas y facultades de enfermería de las universidades de la Comunidad Autónoma de Cataluña.Background: Violence against women, particularly intimate partner violence (IVP), is a major problem in today's society. Health professionals, particularly nurses, are in a unique position to identify and help women who are victims of IPV, since they often are the first contact in the health services. To develop training programs aimed to prepare future professionals, a previous element is to understand the perceptions of nursing students regarding the problematic. Objective: To adapt and validate the scale for assessing perceptions of IVP, of Australian authors Beccaria, et al. (2011). Methodology: A metric and descriptive study was conducted on a sample of 1064 students in first through fourth year nursing degree at four public universities in Catalonia. Translation, adaptation and validation of item content were done. Statistical analysis and exploration of the factor structure and reliability of the instrument were performed. Results: The obtained scale with four factors and 32 items was called Perception Scale Partner Violence in Nursing Education (PSPV -NE). It showed acceptable levels of internal consistency and provided evidence of its construct validity. Conclusions: It was concluded that the instrument is reliable and valid ; applying it allow to study the perception of the intimate partner violence, in these students and planning training actions for these future professionals, nursing schools and colleges in Catalonia

Factores psicosociales en el dolor crónico oncológico: un estudio Delphi

ABSTRACT Background and objectives: Chronic cancer pain is a complex experience that results from the interaction of multiple factors. Identifying which factors play an important role in shaping this experience would reduce its effects. The main objective of this study was to identify which factors are related to the chronification of cancer pain, in the opinion of a group of experts. And secondarily, to explore which factors might act as protectors. Material and methods: A multidisciplinary group of experts in oncology from various fields was invited. The Delphi methodology was used as a way to reach consensus among the participating experts. Results: Two rounds were enough to reach consensus. A total of 22 experts participated in both rounds. The main risk factors were the oncological process, a poorly controlled pain, and psychological factors, particularly pain catastrophic thinking. Among the main protective factors there were: social support, early pain treatment, optimism, and adherence to treatment. Conclusions: This study contributes to identifying the main factors that can contribute to the chronification of cancer pain, and also provides information on potential protectors. If confirmed by future research, these results can help develop specific diagnostic tools to help identify people at risk, as well as create preventive programs.RESUMEN Antecedentes y objetivos: El dolor crónico oncológico es una experiencia compleja que resulta de la interacción de múltiples factores. Identificar qué factores juegan un papel importante en la configuración de esta experiencia permitiría reducir sus efectos. El objetivo fundamental de este trabajo era identificar qué factores están relacionados con la cronificación del dolor oncológico, a juicio de un grupo de expertos. Y de forma secundaria, se trataba de explorar qué factores podrían actuar de protectores. Material y método: Se invitó a un grupo multidisciplinar de expertos en oncología. Se utilizó la metodología Delphi como forma de llegar al consenso entre los expertos participantes. Resultados: Dos rondas fueron suficientes para alcanzar el consenso. Un total de 22 expertos participaron en ambas rondas. Los principales factores de riesgo identificados fueron: el proceso oncológico, el dolor mal controlado y los factores psicológicos, particularmente el catastrofismo. Entre los factores protectores destacaron: soporte social, tratamiento precoz del dolor, personalidad optimista y adherencia al tratamiento. Conclusiones: Este estudio contribuye a identificar los principales factores que pueden contribuir a la cronificación del dolor oncológico, también aporta información sobre potenciales protectores. Si se confirman por investigaciones futuras, estos resultados pueden ayudar a desarrollar instrumentos diagnósticos específicos con los que identificar las personas en situación de riesgo, así como a crear programas preventivos

Marco europeo, una realidad inminente: integración de los estudios de enfermería en el espacio europeo de educación superior

European framework, an imminent reality. Integration of the studies of nursing in the european space of higher education. The European Area of Higher Education (EAHE) raises a change to us in the structure of the degrees that will allow our academic and professional evolution. To understand the implication that the legislative changes according to the RD 55/2005 and 56/2006 of formation of Degree in Spain, Master and Doctorate have in our formation, is an essential step to be able to follow the process of integration in the EAHE. Our objective is to contribute information and to clarify all those aspects related to new legislative area and the future of our formationMarco europeo, una realidad inminente. Integración de los estudios de enfermería en el espacio europeo de educación superior. El Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES) nos plantea un cambio en la estructura de las titulaciones que permitirá nuestra evolución académica y profesional. Comprender la implicación que los cambios legislativos según los RD 55/2005 y 56/2006 de formación de Grado, Postgrado/Master y Doctor tienen en nuestra formación, es un paso esencial para poder seguir el proceso de integración en el EEES. Nuestro objetivo es aportar información y clarificar todos aquellos aspectos relacionados con el nuevo marco legislativo y con el futuro de nuestra formació

Percepción de los estudiantes de enfermería sobre violencia de pareja: conocimientos, creencias y rol profesional

Objectives: to analyse the knowledge, beliefs and perception of the professional role that nursing students have, about exerted violence against women in relationships. Method: a descriptive qualitative study following the ecological model through 16 focus groups realized with 112 students from four nursing courses of four Spanish universities. Results: the analytical categories were: knowledge, professional role, and beliefs about ones behaviour before the victim and the abuser. Students are unfamiliar with the characteristics of abuse, guidelines, protocols and screening questions and demand patterns for specific intervention. They do not identify their own professional role, be it delegated or specialized. Beliefs regarding their behaviour with the victim, not guided by professional criteria, perceive violence as a specific situation and disassociate the prevention of health care. They perceive the abuser as mentally ill, justifying the tolerance or delegation of performances. Conclusions: students define preconceived ideas about couples’ violence. Speeches reproduce and reinforce stereotypical myths, values indicative of inadequate training for nursing studies which raises the need to fortify the competencies in relation to intimate couples’ violence in the curriculumObjectives: to analyse the knowledge, beliefs and perception of the professional role that nursing students have, about exerted violence against women in relationships. Method: a descriptive qualitative study following the ecological model through 16 focus groups realized with 112 students from four nursing courses of four Spanish universities. Results: the analytical categories were: knowledge, professional role, and beliefs about ones behaviour before the victim and the abuser. Students are unfamiliar with the characteristics of abuse, guidelines, protocols and screening questions and demand patterns for specific intervention. They do not identify their own professional role, be it delegated or specialized. Beliefs regarding their behaviour with the victim, not guided by professional criteria, perceive violence as a specific situation and disassociate the prevention of health care. They perceive the abuser as mentally ill, justifying the tolerance or delegation of performances. Conclusions: students define preconceived ideas about couples’ violence. Speeches reproduce and reinforce stereotypical myths, values indicative of inadequate training for nursing studies which raises the need to fortify the competencies in relation to intimate couples’ violence in the curriculu

Ethical values in emergency medical services: A pilot study

Background Ambulance professionals often address conflicts between ethical values. As individuals’ values represent basic convictions of what is right or good and motivate behaviour, research is needed to understand their value profiles. Objectives To translate and adapt the Managerial Values Profile to Spanish and Swedish, and measure the presence of utilitarianism, moral rights and/or social justice in ambulance professionals’ value profiles in Spain and Sweden. Methods The instrument was translated and culturally adapted. A content validity index was calculated. Pilot tests were carried out with 46 participants. Ethical considerations This study conforms to the ethical principles for research involving human subjects and adheres to national laws and regulations concerning informed consent and confidentiality. Findings Spanish professionals favoured justice and Swedish professionals’ rights in their ambulance organizations. Both countries favoured utilitarianism least. Gender differences across countries showed that males favoured rights. Spanish female professionals favoured justice most strongly of all. Discussion Swedes favour rights while Spaniards favour justice. Both contexts scored low on utilitarianism focusing on total population effect, preferring the opposite, individualized approach of the rights and justice perspectives. Organizational investment in a utilitarian perspective might jeopardize ambulance professionals’ moral right to make individual assessments based on the needs of the patient at hand. Utilitarianism and a caring ethos appear as stark opposites. However, a caring ethos in its turn might well involve unreasonable demands on the individual carer’s professional role. Since both the justice and rights perspectives portrayed in the survey mainly concern relationship to the organization and peers within the organization, this relationship might at worst be given priority over the equal treatment and moral rights of the patient. Conclusion A balanced view on ethical perspectives is needed to make professionals observant and ready to act optimally – especially if these perspectives are used in patient care. Research is needed to clarify how justice and rights are prioritized by ambulance services and whether or not these organization-related values are also implemented in patient care