Genetic diversity and population structure of the Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus, Rodentia, Caviidae) in Colombia

The aim was to establish the genetic diversity and population structure of three guinea pig lines, from seven production zones located in Nariño, southwest Colombia. A total of 384 individuals were genotyped with six microsatellite markers. The measurement of intrapopulation diversity revealed allelic richness ranging from 3.0 to 6.56, and observed heterozygosity (Ho) from 0.33 to 0.60, with a deficit in heterozygous individuals. Although statistically significant (p < 0.05), genetic differentiation between population pairs was found to be low. Genetic distance, as well as clustering of guinea-pig lines and populations, coincided with the historical and geographical distribution of the populations. Likewise, high genetic identity between improved and native lines was established. An analysis of group probabilistic assignment revealed that each line should not be considered as a genetically homogeneous group. The findings corroborate the absorption of native genetic material into the improved line introduced into Colombia from Peru. It is necessary to establish conservation programs for native-line individuals in Nariño, and control genealogical and production records in order to reduce the inbreeding values in the populations

Road Bridges of South-eastern Spain, 1850-1936. Heritage Awaiting Recognition: Recovering a Heritage

he development of a system of national roads in south-eastern Spain entailed the construction of a considerable number of bridges. Their design incorporated the main novelties of bridge engineering of the day, and, after more than 100 years of service constitute a harmonious ensemble of heritage in which certain salient typologies and other common features can be identified. The present research, based both on the study of the original documents preserved in different archives of the region as well on the identification of bridges that are still standing, has the aim of describing these typologies and common construction trends. At the same time, this represents an initial effort towards their systematic cataloguing as well as a step towards establishing their value and recognition as elements of heritage of the first magnitud

Escuela infantil y ciencia : la indagación científica para entender la realidad circundante

El presente trabajo muestra los resultados de una experiencia de indagación e investigación en el área de ciencias. Es una propuesta metodológica basada en la utilización del método científico a través de los proyectos de trabajo en la etapa de infantil. En concreto, a través del proyecto de trabajo «de las semillas a las flores» pretendemos mostrar cómo evoluciona la construcción del conocimiento en aprendices de cuatro años fomentando el acercamiento de nuestro entorno y de los elementos que lo integran. A través de la manipulación de una semilla cercana a ellos, la aceituna, se han establecido relaciones causa- efecto verbalizado las consecuencias de las acciones sobre las semillas y los frutos además de la valoración y respeto hacia el entorno. Mostramos como los alumnos son capaces a estas edades de seguir una metodología científica de investigación

Contribución de los datos genómicos en la definición de la composición racial de bovinos doble propósito

Animal heterosis is key in obtaining more productive animals and better adapted to the tropics. However, inadequate genetic management leads to the obtaining of mosaics of breeds that includes the loss of the productive potential of the herd. The objective of this study was to define the breed composition of dual-purpose crossbred cattle in the piedmont plains, department of Meta-Colombia. A total of 126 crossbred (CRO) individuals from six herds were evaluated by a phenotypic (APP) and a genotypic (GBA) approach. For GBA, the control breeds associated with Bos taurus taurus and Bos taurus indicus were included, for this they were genotyped with a GeneSeek GGP-LD chip of 26K of SNP and analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) and Bayesian probabilistic assignment of ADMIXTURE. The breed groups generated by APP varied with respect to GBA. Molecular analysis detected seven (k=7) genetic groups in the breed composition of the study animals. The three breeds with the highest participation in the breed composition of crossbred individuals were: Holstein, Gyr, Brahman with 23.4, 21.4, and 21 % respectively, while the remaining, Blanco Orejinegro, Brown Swiss, Normande and Jersey did not exceed 13 %. Unlike APP, the GBA approach effectively allowed the identification of the breed composition of crossbred cattle and provided key information for the development of mating programs that seek to improve productive indicators, and in turn tend to the adaptation of animals, an essential requirement for dual-purpose bovine systems.La heterosis animal es clave en la obtención de animales más productivos y mejor adaptados al trópico. Sin embargo, el inadecuado manejo genético conlleva a la obtención de mosaicos de razas que incluye la pérdida del potencial productivo del hato. El objetivo de este estudio fue definir la composición racial de bovinos mestizos doble propósito en el piedemonte Llanero departamento del Meta-Colombia. Un total de 126 individuos mestizos (MEZ) de seis hatos fueron evaluados por una aproximación fenotípica (APF) y una genotípica (ARG). Para ARG se incluyeron las razas control asociadas a Bos taurus taurus y Bos taurus indicus, para ello se genotiparon con un chip de GeneSeek GGP-LD de 26K de SNP y se analizaron mediante análisis de componentes principales (PCA) y asignación probabilística bayesiana de ADMIXTURE. Las agrupaciones raciales generadas por APF variaron respecto de ARG. El análisis molecular detectó siete (k= 7) grupos genéticos en la composición racial de los animales de estudio. Las tres razas con mayor participación en la composición racial de los individuos mestizos fueron: Holstein, Gyr, Brahman con 23.4, 21.4, y 21 % respectivamente, mientras que las restantes Blanco Orejinegro, Pardo Suizo, Normando y Jersey no superaron el 13 %.  A diferencia de APF, la aproximación ARG permitió de forma efectiva la identificación de la composición racial de bovinos mestizos y suministró información clave en miras de desarrollo de programas de apareamiento que buscan mejorar indicadores productivos, y a su vez propendan por la adaptación de los animales requisito indispensable para los sistemas bovino doble propósito

Consistency between ARPES and STM measurements on SmB6_6

Strongly correlated topological surface states are promising platforms for next-generation quantum applications, but they remain elusive in real materials. The correlated Kondo insulator SmB$_6$ is one of the most promising candidates, with theoretically predicted heavy Dirac surface states supported by transport and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experiments. However, a puzzling discrepancy appears between STM and angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES) experiments on SmB$_6$. Although ARPES detects spin-textured surface states, their velocity is an order of magnitude higher than expected, while the Dirac point -- the hallmark of any topological system -- can only be inferred deep within the bulk valence band. A significant challenge is that SmB$_6$ lacks a natural cleavage plane, resulting in ordered surface domains limited to 10s of nanometers. Here we use STM to show that surface band bending can shift energy features by 10s of meV between domains. Starting from our STM spectra, we simulate the full spectral function as an average over multiple domains with different surface potentials. Our simulation shows excellent agreement with ARPES data, and thus resolves the apparent discrepancy between large-area measurements that average over multiple band-shifted domains and atomically-resolved measurements within a single domain

Política de cobranza y la incidencia en la liquidez de inversiones Nepolo E. I. R. L., 2021

El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo por objetivo determinar la incidencia de la política de cobranza en la liquidez de la empresa Inversiones NEPOLO E.I.R.L., Trujillo 2021. Para este propósito se realizó una investigación mixta según su enfoque, porque tiene perspectivas cualitativas y cuantitativas, aplicada y de campo según el tipo de análisis, y explicativo ex post facto - transversal según su diseño. Como técnicas de recolección de datos se emplearon, el análisis documental. Utilizando como instrumentos, la ficha de análisis documental y lista de cotejo. Como resultados se evidenció, el incumplimiento de las políticas de cobranza durante el 2020, pero para el 2021 se cumplieron al 100%. También, se incrementó en un 5% la Liquidez Defensiva del 01 de enero al 31 de diciembre del 2021. Además, se redujeron los días de atrasos de los clientes, asimismo, se redujeron los saldos vencidos debido a un adecuado seguimiento de las cuentas por cobrar, y se incrementó el efectivo y equivalente de efectivo en un 71.19% por la correcta ejecución de las garantías de pago. Como conclusión se obtuvo que la correcta aplicación de una política de cobranza incide de forma positiva en la liquidez de la empresa

EL TLC CON ESTADOS UNIDOS: EFECTOS Y RETOS PARA LA CADENA LÁCTEA DE NARIÑO

En este artículo se presenta una descripción general de la Cadena Láctea en Colombia y en la cuenca lechera del departamento de Nariño e igualmente se mencionan las posibles consecuencias que se derivarán, para este importante sector de la economía regional, cuando entren en vigencia los puntos acordados en el Tratado de Libre Comercio con los Estados Unidos. Como elementos imprescindibles para el análisis se incluyen los indicadores que determinan, en buena medida, la competitividad del renglón lácteo de Colombia y Nariño, los contingentes asignados a cada país, las condiciones acordadas para el libre comercio de productos lácteos, las potencialidades de los productos colombianos, los problemas y dificultades que actualmente limitan la productividad en Nariño y los retos que tendrán que afrontar todos los eslabones de la cadena láctea por efecto del TLC

Understanding for Prevention: Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses of Suicide Notes and Forensic Reports

Suicide risk is associated with vulnerabilities and specific life events. The study’s objective was to explore the relevance of data from forensic documentation on suicide deaths to the design of person-centered preventive strategies. Descriptive and thematic analyses were conducted of forensic observations of 286 deaths by suicide, including some with suicide notes. Key findings included the influence of health-and family-related adverse events, emotional states of loss and sadness, and failures of the health system to detect and act on signs of vulnerability, as confirmed by the suicide notes. Forensic documentation provides useful information to improve the targeting of preventive campaigns.Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

A New Approach to the Identification of Palliative Care Needs and Advanced Chronic Patients among Nursing Home Residents

This research was supported by the Andalusian CICYE project AP-0105-2016.Results belong to one of the objectives for a Doctoral Tesis study of the Clinic Medicine and Public Health Doctoral Program of the University of Granada. We would like to thank all the participants and professionals who participated.Background: Proper planning of Palliative Care in nursing homes requires advanced knowledge of the care needs that residents show. The aim of the study was to evaluate Palliative Needs and other conditions such as fragility, complexity, and prognosis and also to suggest new indicators for the establishment of the resident's advanced chronic condition. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in 149 nursing homes Complex Chronic residents evaluated by trained professionals. Palliative Care Needs, assessed by the NECPAL ICO-CCOMS (c) tool, and fragility, case and palliative complexity and prognosis were evaluate through a comprehensive assessment. Descriptive analyses and association measures were performed setting the statistical significance at 0.05. Results: More than 50% of the residents had positive Surprise Question and other Palliative Needs and were classified as Advanced Chronic Patients. Distress and/or Severe Adaptative Disorder was the most frequent need shown by the residents and significant differences in levels of frailty and other characteristics, were found between the Positive and the Negative Surprise Question Groups. Statistically significant correlations were also found between aspects of both groups. Conclusions: Nursing homes residents show Palliative Needs regardless of the response to the Surprise Question of the NECPAL tool. Other characteristics such as presence of an intermediate level of frailty are suggested as a new perspective to identify advanced chronic patients among nursing homes residents.Junta de Andalucia AP-0105-201

Las viviendas del terremoto de Andalucía de 1884. Una experiencia de arquitectura en serie en el mundo rural de la España del siglo XIX

Several towns and villages from the center of Andalusia were badly damaged by an earthquake in December 24, 1884. Greatest Architecture and Urban planning works were required for its reconstruction. They were done by the Spanish Government The construction of a large number of standardized housing buildings was one of the most significant works. They were built to replace whose were lost in the disaster. This paper focuses in their knowledge and importance as a cultural heritage.Diversas poblaciones de la zona central de Andalucía fueron gravemente afectadas por un terremoto que tuvo lugar el 24 de diciembre de 1884. Su reconstrucción exigió grandes trabajos de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, que tuvieron que ser hechos por la Administración. Uno de los más significativos fue la construcción en serie de un importante número de viviendas para reemplazar a las desaparecidas en la catástrofe. Este trabajo tiene el propósito de mejorar su conocimiento y poner de de relieve su importancia patrimonial