Visuospatial bootstrapping: spatialized displays enhance digit and nonword sequence learning

Visuospatial bootstrapping describes the observation that performance on a verbal memory task is enhanced by presenting the to‐be‐remembered material in a format with additional embedded spatial information. Thus far, it has only been reported in short‐term memory tasks. Here, we report two experiments assessing the impact of spatial information on the learning of sequences in long‐term memory. Experiment 1 used digits presented within a familiar numeric keypad as stimuli compared against single digits presented in one location. Experiment 2 used novel nonwords, which were either presented in an unchanging arrangement permitting the building‐up of location knowledge or in a constantly changing arrangement. Both experiments demonstrated strong evidence that reliable spatial information facilitated sequence learning, particularly in later sequence positions. It is concluded that the incidental availability of spatialized information during study can facilitate learning of sequences of digits and nonwords. Furthermore, the spatial information can be learned during the task itself and does not need to be preexistent in long‐term knowledge

Erythropoietin and Anaemia in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

Hyporegenerative anaemia is common complication of chronic renal failure CRF and responsible for fatigue and reduced general  health condition among uremic patient. The main causes of anemia among patients with chronic renal failure are deficient production of erythropoietin (EPO), iron deficiency, and chronic disease with endogenous EPO resistance. This study confirmed on patients with chronic renal failure in Merjan Teaching Hospital and highlighted on the relationship between anaemia and erythropoiten level. The estimation of hemoglobin among patients with CRF revealed that 55% of patients suffered from severe anaemia and 45%suffered from moderate anaemia      Erythropoiten level estimated by ELISA technique and mean and standard deviation of erythropoietin level among patients and control groups were12.2 uU/ml ± 2.6, 7.3uU/ml± 1.8 respectively and comparism mean of erythropoietin between patients and control group   was indicated that there is significant difference between two groups at p value< 0.05 By study the correlation between hemoglobin and erythropoietin revealed that there is inverses relation ship between hemoglobin and erythropoietin , we concluded from this study although the level of erythropoietin increase in patients with CRF but the level of erythropoietin are not enough foe correction of anaemia and patient may required for exogenous source for erythropoietin with iron supplement in management of anaemia Keywords: erythropoiten Hyporegenerative anaemi

Wise Up To Cancer - can it make a difference?

This document reports the findings of 'Wise Up To Cancer' a Community Health Initiative, funded by Yorkshire Cancer Research. The aims of Wise Up To Cancer were to; decrease behaviours associated with cancer risk, increase awareness of cancer signs and symptoms,, increase cancer screening rates and increase signposting to other services

Wise Up To Cancer - can it make a difference? Executive Summary.

A summary of the evaluation of Wise Up To Cancer. A Community Health Initiative funded by Yorkshire Cancer Research, aiming to improve cancer outcomes

Blood RNA analysis can increase clinical diagnostic rate and resolve variants of uncertain significance

Purpose Diagnosis of genetic disorders is hampered by large numbers of variants of uncertain significance (VUSs) identified through next-generation sequencing. Many such variants may disrupt normal RNA splicing. We examined effects on splicing of a large cohort of clinically identified variants and compared performance of bioinformatic splicing prediction tools commonly used in diagnostic laboratories. Methods Two hundred fifty-seven variants (coding and noncoding) were referred for analysis across three laboratories. Blood RNA samples underwent targeted reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis with Sanger sequencing of PCR products and agarose gel electrophoresis. Seventeen samples also underwent transcriptome-wide RNA sequencing with targeted splicing analysis based on Sashimi plot visualization. Bioinformatic splicing predictions were obtained using Alamut, HSF 3.1, and SpliceAI software. Results Eighty-five variants (33%) were associated with abnormal splicing. The most frequent abnormality was upstream exon skipping (39/85 variants), which was most often associated with splice donor region variants. SpliceAI had greatest accuracy in predicting splicing abnormalities (0.91) and outperformed other tools in sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion Splicing analysis of blood RNA identifies diagnostically important splicing abnormalities and clarifies functional effects of a significant proportion of VUSs. Bioinformatic predictions are improving but still make significant errors. RNA analysis should therefore be routinely considered in genetic disease diagnostics

Regional climate messages for South Asia

It was essential to understand the extent of climatic variability and the associated biophysical response to ascertain appropriate entry points for the RRP phase. To enhance our understanding of historical climate change and climate variability in the three ASSAR sub-regions, we investigated trends in temperature and precipitation in the broader landscape surrounding the sub-regions (hereafter ASSAR sub-region envelopes).International Development Research Centre (IDRC) - CanadaUK's Department for International Development (DFID) UKCollaborative Adaptation Research Initiative in Africa and Asia (CARIAA

Facile synthesis and proposed mechanism of α,ω‐oxetanyl-telechelic poly(3-nitratomethyl-3-methyl oxetane) by an SN2(i) nitrato displacement method in basic media

The synthesis of a novel heterocyclic–telechelic polymer, α,ω-oxetanyl-telechelic poly(3-nitratomethyl-3-methyl oxetane), is described. Infrared spectroscopy (IR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy have been used to confirm the successful synthesis, demonstrating the presence of the telechelic-oxetanyl moieties. Synthesis of the terminal functionalities has been achieved via displacement of nitrato groups, in a manner similar to that employed with other leaving groups such as azido, bromo, and nitro, initiated by nucleophiles. In the present case, displacement occurs on the ends of a nitrato-functionalized polymer driven by the formation of sodium nitrate, which is supported by the polar aprotic solvent N,N-dimethyl formamide. The formation of an alkoxide at the polymer chain ends is favored and allows internal back-biting to the nearest carbon bearing the nitrato group, intrinsically in an SN2(i) reaction, leading to α,ω-oxetanyl functionalization. The telechelic-oxetanyl moieties have the potential to be cross-linked by chemical (e.g., acidic) or radiative (e.g., ultraviolet) curing methods without the use of high temperatures, usually below 100°C. This type of material was designed for future use as a contraband simulant, whereby it would form the predominant constituent of elastomeric composites comprising rubbery polymer with small quantities of solids, typically crystals of contraband substances, such as explosives or narcotics. This method also provides an alternative approach to ring closure and synthesis of heterocycles

Policing unacceptable protest in England and Wales: A case study of the policing of anti-fracking protests

In recent years public order policing policy in England and Wales has undergone significant changes. A ‘human rights compliant’ model of protest policing has been developed since 2009 and this article makes a contribution to the body of academic work considering the impact of these changes on operational policing. Drawing upon a longitudinal case study of the policing of protests against ‘fracking’ in Salford, Greater Manchester, in 2013-2014, the article contrasts post-2009 policy and academic discourses on protest policing with the experiences of anti-fracking protesters. To develop this assessment, the article also draws attention to previously unexplored definitions of acceptable and unacceptable protest set out by police in more recent policy, and considers the extent to which these definitions are reflected in the police response to anti-fracking protest. The article suggests that a police commitment to a human rights approach to protest facilitation is, at least in the case of anti-fracking protest, contingent on the focus and form of political activism