Memindai Penerapan Bimbingan dan Konseling dengan Pendekatan Multikultural di SMA

Tujuan umum penelitian ini adalah untuk memindai penerapan bimbingan dan konseling dengan pendekatan multikultural di SMA. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Informan penelitian ini yaitu, guru BK, Kepala sekolah, para guru, siswa, pengurus OSIS, dan komite sekolah SMA Negeri 1 Palangkaraya. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan pengamatan partisipatif, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan empat tahap penelitian kualitatif dari Miles dan Hubermann, yaitu pengumpulan data, reduksi data, klasifikasi data, dan penarikan simpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, secara umum dapat disimpulkan bahwa: 1) tujuan layanan konseling dengan pendekatan multikultural adalah memberikan bantuan kepada siswa multikultur untuk mengatasi masalah yang dihadapi dengan baik, 2) jenis-jenis layanan konseling antara lain membantu klien mengembangkan perilaku santun, membantu mengatasi kecemasan, menggali dan potensi siswa, 3) karakteristik khusus yang diterapkan yaitu dengan memberikan layanan konseling individual, 4) layanan konseling dengan pendekatan multikultural telah memanfaatkan secara maksimal berbagai media konseling yang ada

Effects of red and blue LED light on feed intake, feed selection and milk yield in dairy cows

The aim of this study was to evaluate how red and blue LED light during the daytime affects dry matter intake, feed selection, and milk yield in dairy cows. Ten multipa-rous pregnant Swedish Red cows in post-peak lactation were used. Cows were housed in a tie stall barn. They were subjected to a 33-day red or blue LED light treatment during a long day photoperiod with 16 hours day and 8 hours night. Cows were fed silage and concentrates separately. Silage was fed three times a day ensuring ad libi-tum intake with 5-10% orts. Concentrate was fed four times per day. Samples of si-lage were collected thrice a day and individual orts were collected at the end of the day and at the end of the night. Data for eating behaviour and milk yield was collected five days before and five days after the treatment period. Eating behaviour was de-termined using the difference in distribution of fractions of different straw length in the silage that was fed and orts during daytime and night time. A 2-screen Penn State Particle Separator (PSPS) (19mm and 8mm) with a solid bottom pan was used to determine distribution of large, medium and short silage fractions. Treatments did not affect total DMI. Overall, cows sorted for the large fractions, against the medium and short fractions. During the LED period there was a difference (P<0.001) in sort-ing between Red and Blue cows during the daytime. Cows on the Red LED light sorted for the short fractions during daytime. Blue cows showed different sorting (P<0.05) during day and night. Their sorting for the large fractions was more pro-nounced during daytime than night. Milk yield did not change during the trial and did not differ between the Red and Blue groups. In conclusion, sorting activity was greater during the daytime in the LED period, which could have been influenced by the LED light. Interestingly cows seem to have better vision in red than blue LED light. Furthermore, it also possible that the LED light maintains milk yield, since no change was observed during the four-week trial in post peak lactation.Syftet med studien var att utvärdera hur rött och blått LED-ljus påverkar foderintag, foderselektion och mjölkmängd hos mjölkkor. Tio dräktiga kora v rasen Svensk Röd Boskap i andra eller högre laktation ingick i studien. Korna inhystes i en stallavdelning för uppbundna kor. Behandlingarna var 33 dagar med rött eller blått LED-ljus under 16 timmar dag och svagt ljus från lysrör under åtta timmar på natten. Korna utfodrades med ensilage i fri tillgång med 5-10 % rester. Ensilagegivan fördelades på tre utfodringstillfällen och koncentrat på fyra tillfällen. Ensilageprover togs tre gånger per dag och individuella foderrester vägdes och provtogs i slutet av dagen och i slutet av natten under fem dagar innan och fem dagar efter behandlingsperioden. Ätbeteende beskrevs som skillnaden i strålängdsfraktioner mellan utfodrat ensilage och foderrester. Ensilagets strålängd separerades i fraktionerna kort, medium och lång med en Penn State partikelseparator (19 och 8 mm). Det var ingen skillnad mellan behandlingarna i torrsubstansintag. Korna sorterade för lång strålängd, emot medium och korta strån. Under LED-ljusperioden sorterade kor som behandlades med rött ljus för korta strålängd under dagen (P<0.001). Korna som behandlades med blått ljus visade mer omfattande selektion för den långa strålängden på dagen än på natten (P<0.05). Mjölkmängden förändrades inte under försöksperioden och skiljde heller inte mellan grupperna. Sammanfattningsvis sorterade korna mer uttalat under dagen än natten under LED-perioden. Det verkar som att korna såg bättre i rött än blått dagsljus. Det är möjligt att LED-ljuset stimulerade mjölkmängd eftersom mjölkmängden inte förändrades under försöket trots att korna hade passerat topplaktation

Pengaruh Kompetensi Supervisor, Variasi Metode Supervisi, Dan Persepsi Supervisor Terhadap Kemampuan Mengajar Guru Bidang Studi Ekonomi SMA Se Kabupaten Katingan

This study aims to Analyze the influence of supervisor's competence on teacher's teaching ability in the field of economic studies of katingan districts Analyzing the influence of variation of supervisory methods used by the supervisor to the teaching ability of the teacher of economics studies of katingan district; Analyzing The influence of supervisor 'perceptions of the benefits of supervision on teachers' teaching ability in the field of economic studies as regencies of katingan; And Analyzing Effect of supervisor's competence, variation of supervision method, mutual supervision benefit to teacher's teaching ability in economy study area katingan district. The sample in this research is 40 teachers. This research uses quantitative explanatory approach and data collection by survey method. Data were collected using questionnaires with Likert scale 1-5. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis with the help of SPSS program. The results of this study prove that 1) The competence of supervisors have a significant effect on the ability of teaching economics teacher of SMA Se Kabupaten Katingan. The magnitude of influence is 0.235. These results indicate that the higher the supervisor's competence will improve the teaching ability of the teacher. 2) Variations of teaching methods used by supervisors have a significant effect on teachers' teaching ability. The magnitude of influence is 0.159. These results indicate that the more varied teaching methods used by supervisors will improve teachers' teaching ability. 3) The supervisor perception of the benefits of supervision has a significant effect on teachers' teaching ability. The magnitude of influence is 0.159. This result shows that supervision is very useful to improve teachers' teaching ability. 4) The simultaneous test results indicate that the supervisor's competence, the variation of Supervision methods and the benefits of supervision together have a significant effect on teacher's teaching ability with FStatistic&gt; FTable (66.382&gt; 2.866) or significance value (P &lt;0.05)

Factors affecting female condom use in Buffalo City Metropolitan, Eastern Cape, South Africa

Introduction: The female condom was introduced so many years after the male condom was introduced as an additional intervention to prevent sexually transmitted diseases and HIV/AIDS. The purpose of the study was to explore and describe the factors affecting female condom use in Buffalo City Metropolitan, Eastern Cape. Method: Quantitative descriptive and contextual research designs were used to enable the researcher to gain knowledge and insights on female condom use. The population of the study was sexually active women between ages of 15-49 years, living in Reeston community of Buffalo City Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province. Convenient sampling was used to recruit the respondents with 599-sample size and data was collected using questionnaires. Ethical considerations were considered throughout the study. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 22) and summarised using tables, graphs and descriptive statistics. Results: The findings of the study were minimal use of female condom because of poor marketing strategies towards female condoms despite the government intervention. The attitude of sexually active women towards female condom was positive, but minimal knowledge, inaccessibility and unavailability of female condoms hinder its use. Conclusion and Recommendation: The study recommended health education through campaigns and counselling about female condom use and their benefits to all age groups of women who are sexually active. The government and stakeholders should promote the condom uptake, accessibility and availability in every public place. Department of Health, Education should have empowered the community at large on how to promote female condom use and improve the distribution of both male/ female condoms to schools and public place

MENEGOSIASIKAN PENDIDIKAN PADA MASYARAKAT PEDALAMAN

Education problems in remore areas in the border province at Central Kalimantan have long been identified but minor policy has been induced to solve.  This paper anylize practices to overcome problems all stakeholders may tparticipate though a concept of negotiation of education empowerment.  Basically, education problems in Central Kalimantan include: isolated and remoted area, low perception on education impact for children,  low societal participation on education, paucityof education nuancein public areas,  low social-economy of hinterland people, short number of teachers assigned in hinterland areas, ineffective menagement of teachers distribution and control.  At the secondary and senior level, availablity of SMP and SMA schools nearby has been crucial to solve.  Negotiation among stakeholders to overcome the basic education problems are required to facilitate facilities, empowerment, participations, and involvments of community, parents, schildren and traditional head, and government

CLINICAL RELEVANCE OF EFAVIRENZ PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACOGENETICS IN HIV/AIDS THERAPY

Individuals respond to the same medications in diverse manners. Polymorphism in drug-metabolizing enzymes plays a very important role in interindividual variations in drug medical care. Hence, the aim was to review reported cases of genetic polymorphisms among the antiretrovirals, especially efavirenz, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, used in the management of human immunodeficiency virus infection/acquired immune deficiency syndrome, which is metabolized primarily by the CYP2B6 enzyme. Several previous publications on genetic polymorphism associated with the antiretrovirals of patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy were selected and carefully reviewed to evaluate their correlation and or conflict of interest among different authors. The existence of polymorphisms on the CYP2B6 gene that encodes for expression of the enzyme, among other factors responsible for efavirenz metabolism, is a significant determinant of inter-individual variability in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic response to the drug used in clinical practice. Furthermore, plasma levels of efavirenz and phenotypic difference were observed, are contributing factors as to the rate of antiretroviral adverse drug reactions. Following the review, studies showed similar outcomes relating to efavirenz pharmacokinetics and polymorphism; hence, patients that display genetic polymorphism on efavirenz may likely develop the same on other therapeutic agents metabolized by the CYP450 enzymes or other polymorphic enzymes

Impacts of agricultural mechanization adoption on floodplain sugar-cane (Saccharrum officinarum L.) farmers’ income in Mubi, N.E. Nigeria

I. J. Tekwa1, G. M. Bunu1, M. S. Abubakar2(1. Department of Agricultural Technology, Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B 35, Mubi;2. Department of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B 35 Mubi)Abstract: A survey was conducted in order to assess the effectiveness of agricultural mechanization adoption on floodplain sugar-cane farmers&rsquo; income in four locations, namely: Bahuli, Muchalla, Mijulu and Kirya, all within Mubi area.&nbsp; The survey was conducted during growing season between September, 2006 and May, 2007.&nbsp; Information related to the subject was sourced from target farmers (80) through purposively administered questionnaires.&nbsp; Information sought centered on inventory of practiced technologies, levels of adoption and its economic returns.&nbsp; Data generated during the study were statistically validated using the test-re-test method of reliability test and correlated positively (r=0.80).&nbsp; The data were analyzed and compared using simple bar charts, percentages, chi&ndash;square and Likert scaling test types.&nbsp; It was indicated that there was a higher concentration of traditional technologies among the farmers prior to the adoption of modern agricultural mechanization as judged numerically.&nbsp; However, despite the awareness by the extension workers, there were about 5% of farmers who were adamant of the modern technological changes.&nbsp; Also, about 95% of the farmer population experienced drastic rise in farm output and sales income from their sugar-cane produce after the adoption process. Sugar-cane farmers&rsquo; perception analysis further attested to positive effectiveness of both the modern agricultural mechanization and farm incomes during the study period.&nbsp; The challenge for better prospective outputs further depends on the extent of extension awareness among practicing farmers in the study area.Keywords: adoption rate, farm input, farmers&rsquo; perception, traditional technology, modern technology, NigeriaCitation: Tekwa, I. J., G. M. Bunu, and M. S. Abubakar.&nbsp; Impacts of agricultural mechanization adoption on floodplain sugar-cane (Saccharrum officinarum L.) farmers&rsquo; income in Mubi, N.E. Nigeria.&nbsp; Agric Eng Int: CIGR Journal, 2010, 12(2): 42-48.&nbsp

Regulatory authorities and orthopaedic clinical trials on expanded mesenchymal stem cells

This article is published with open access at Springerlink.comSkeletal injuries requiring bone augmentation techniques are increasing in the context of avoiding or treating difficult cases with bone defects, bone healing problems, and bone regeneration limitations. Musculoskeletal severe trauma, osteoporosis-related fractures, and conditions where bone defect, bone collapse or insufficient bone regeneration occur are prone to disability and serious complications. Bone cell therapy has emerged as a promising technique to augment and promote bone regeneration. Interest in the orthopaedic community is considerable, although many aspects related to the research of this technique in specific indications may be insufficiently recognised by many orthopaedic surgeons. Clinical trials are the ultimate research in real patients that may confirm or refute the value of this new therapy. However, before launching the required trials in bone cell therapy towards bone regeneration, preclinical data is needed with the cell product to be implanted in patients to ensure safety and efficacy. These preclinical studies support the end-points that need to be evaluated in clinical trials. Orthopaedic surgeons are the ultimate players that, through their research, would confirm in clinical trials the benefit of bone cell therapies. To further foster this research, the pathway to eventually obtain authorisation from the National Competent Authorities and Research Ethics Committees under the European regulation is reviewed, and the experience of the REBORNE European project offers information and important clues about the current Voluntary Harmonization Procedure and other opportunities that need to be considered by surgeons and researchers on the topicThis work was supported in part by the European Commission, Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), through the REBORNE Project, grant agreement no. 24187

Ungkapan tradisional yang berkaitan dengan sila-sila dalam pancasila Daerah Kalimantan Tengah

Ungkapan tradisional yang diinventarisasikan dalam kesempatan ini meliputi ungkapan tradisional yang ada kaitannya dengan sila-sila dalam Pancasila sesuai dengan butir-butir yang tercantum dalam Pedoman Penghayatan dan Pengamalan Pancasila. Mengingat luasnya wilayah yang menjadi lingkup Kalimantan Tengah maka kegiatan inventarisasi ungkapan tradisional ini dibatasi pada kelompok etnis/sosial Dayak Ngaju yang berada di sepanjang sungai Kahayan di mana bahasa yang dipakainya pun dinamakan bahasa Dayak Ngaju. Terpilihnya kelompok ini menjadi obyek inventarisasi adalah didasarkan pada pertimbangan bahwa kelompok etnis Dayak Ngaju merupakan kelompok etnis mayoritas di Kalimantan Tengah di satu pihak dan Bahasa Dayak Ngaju dapat dikatakan sebagai bahasa pengantar antar suku di Kalimantan Tengah di lain pihak