New contributions to the absolute chronology at the Early Eneolithic cultures in the central Balkans.

In this study we present new absolute dates for the Early Eneolithic in Serbia. Four of them confirm the recently obtained dates from that period (Bubanj-Hum I culture) but two samples (from Mokranjske stene and Bubanj) provide somewhat later dates for this period, although their stratigraphic context makes their interpretation difficult. Pottery from those sites, besides the typical examples, also shows particular stylistic and typological characteristics that resemble Galatin or Sãlcuþa IV cultures, so one can presume that the Bubanj-Hum I culture in Serbia may have lasted longer than what is generally assumed

New absolute dates as a contribution to the study of the Late Bronze Age Chronology in the Central Balkans

The paper presents three Late Bronze Age absolute dates from contexts located in the territory of western Serbia and northern Republic of Macedonia, and discusses them together with further absolute dates from the same period, which will be published shortly by one of the authors and other colleagues. On the basis of these dates the Late Bronze Age chronology is discussed together with cultural aspects of the groups representative of this period in the Central Balkans

eSciDoc – a Scholarly Information and Communication Platform for the Max Planck Society

eSciDoc is as a joint project of the Max Planck Society and FIZ Karlsruhe, funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), with the aim to realize a next-generation platform for com-munication and publication in research organizations. The result of the entire eSciDoc project is intended to ensure open and persistent access to the research results and materials of the Max Planck Society and to integrate these materials in an emerging e-Science network, to increase the accountability of research and to improve the visibility of the Max Planck Society. At the same time, the project aims to provide effective and comprehensive access to information for Max Planck re-searchers and their work groups. Additionally, eSciDoc will support scientific collaboration and interdisciplinary research in future e-Science scenarios and optimize the exploitation of information avail-able through an interconnected global scientific knowledge space

eSciDoc – a Scholarly Information and Communication Platform for the Max Planck Society

eSciDoc is as a joint project of the Max Planck Society and FIZ Karlsruhe, funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), with the aim to realize a next-generation platform for com-munication and publication in research organizations. The result of the entire eSciDoc project is intended to ensure open and persistent access to the research results and materials of the Max Planck Society and to integrate these materials in an emerging e-Science network, to increase the accountability of research and to improve the visibility of the Max Planck Society. At the same time, the project aims to provide effective and comprehensive access to information for Max Planck re-searchers and their work groups. Additionally, eSciDoc will support scientific collaboration and interdisciplinary research in future e-Science scenarios and optimize the exploitation of information avail-able through an interconnected global scientific knowledge space

Digital Scrapbook – can we enable interlinked and recursive knowledge equilibrium?

We investigate possible tools and approaches to develop a Digital Scrapbook, a virtual research environment inspired by the recursive nature of research for scholars where they can combine web and own resources into a new scholarly edition readily enabled for Open Access. Web resources are interlinked in the digital scrapbook by content capture and detail selection, rather than sole bookmark or link to resource URL, along with necessary accompanying metadata. We analyse several open source and commercial tools, with special focus on a Scrapbook-X Firefox Add-On, in order to match to desired Digital Scrapbook features. We further address the wider requirement context for development of such Digital Scrapbook environment, discussing both technical and user experience dimensions. We conclude with a recommendation on how to approach the development and operation of a Digital Scrapbook environment

Large-eddy simulation of a two-layer boundary-layer cloud system from the Arctic Ocean 2018 expedition

Climate change is particularly noticeable in the Arctic. The most common type of cloud at these latitudes is mixed-phase stratocumulus. These clouds occur frequently and persistently during all seasons and play a critical role in the Arctic energy budget. Previous observations in the central (north of 80&deg; N) Arctic have shown a high occurrence of prolonged periods of a shallow, single-layer mixed-phase stratocumulus at the top of the boundary layer (BL; altitudes ~300 to 400 m). However, recent observations from the summer of 2018 instead showed a prevalence of a two-layer boundary-layer cloud system. Here we use large-eddy simulation to examine the maintenance of one of the cloud systems observed in the summer of 2018 as well as the sensitivity of the cloud layers to different micro- and macro-scale parameters. We find that the model generally reproduces the observed thermodynamic structure well, with two near-neutrally stratified layers in the BL caused by a low cloud (located within the first few hundred meters) capped by a lower temperature inversion, and an upper cloud layer (based around one km or slightly higher) capped by the main temperature inversion of the BL. The investigated cloud structure is persistent unless there are low aerosol number concentrations (&le; 5 cm-3), which cause the upper cloud layer to dissipate, or high large-scale wind speeds (greater than or equal 8.5 m s-1), which erode the lower inversion and the related cloud layer. These types of changes in cloud structure lead to a substantial reduction of the net longwave radiation at the surface due to a lower emissivity or higher altitude of the remaining cloud layer. The findings highlight the importance of better understanding and representing aerosol sources and sinks over the central Arctic Ocean. Furthermore, they underline the significance of meteorological parameters, such as the large-scale wind speed, for maintaining the two-layer boundary-layer cloud structure encountered in the lower atmosphere of the central Arctic.</p

Influence of Arctic Microlayers and Algal Cultures on Sea Spray Hygroscopicity and the Possible Implications for Mixed‐Phase Clouds

As Arctic sea ice cover diminishes, sea spray aerosols (SSA) have a larger potential to be emitted into the Arctic atmosphere. Emitted SSA can contain organic material, but how it affects the ability of particles to act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) is still not well understood. Here we measure the CCN‐derived hygroscopicity of three different types of aerosol particles: (1) Sea salt aerosols made from artificial seawater, (2) aerosol generated from artificial seawater spiked with diatom species cultured in the laboratory, and (3) aerosols made from samples of sea surface microlayer (SML) collected during field campaigns in the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean. Samples are aerosolized using a sea spray simulation tank (plunging jet) or an atomizer. We show that SSA containing diatom and microlayer exhibit similar CCN activity to inorganic sea salt with a κ value of ∼1.0. Large‐eddy simulation (LES) is then used to evaluate the general role of aerosol hygroscopicity in governing mixed‐phase low‐level cloud properties in the high Arctic. For accumulation mode aerosol, the simulated mixed‐phase cloud properties do not depend strongly on κ, unless the values are lower than 0.4. For Aitken mode aerosol, the hygroscopicity is more important; the particles can sustain the cloud if the hygroscopicity is equal to or higher than 0.4, but not otherwise. The experimental and model results combined suggest that the internal mixing of biogenic organic components in SSA does not have a substantial impact on the cloud droplet activation process and the cloud lifetime in Arctic mixed‐phase clouds

Enclosing the Neolithic World: A Vinča Culture Enclosed and Fortified Settlement in the Balkans

Interpretations of prehistoric enclosures worldwide have varied from those that see the primary role of enclosures as defensive features to others that explore the symbolic, ritual, social, and ideological dimensions of separating space into an inside, an outside, and an in-between. Such evidence and interpretative accounts are inevitably linked to wider anthropological discussions on modes of social interaction and reproduction in the past, whether altruistic or predatory, and evolutionary narratives regarding changes in the level of intergroup violence over the course of human history. Growing evidence indicates that many Neolithic settlements in Europe were enclosed by a complex system of ditches, ramparts, and palisades. We present a case study from the central Balkans at the Neolithic Vinča culture site of Oreškovica-Selište in Serbia, dated to the last centuries of the sixth millennium BC, where recent geophysical surveys, stratigraphic excavation, and accelerator mass spectrometry dating document the existence of an early enclosed settlement with multiple enclosure features. We interpret these features as defensive and discuss the social dynamics that led to the founding and abandonment of this short-lived occupation in the context of other contemporaneous settlements in the Balkans

Digitale Bildarchive für Kultur und Wissenschaft

Die Forderung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft und der Allianz der deutschen Wissenschaftsorganisationen nach öffentlichem und nachhaltigem Zugang zu wissenschaftlichen Daten in Verbindung mit nicht-kommerzieller Technologie zeigt auf, dass die Präsentation von digitalen Inhalten und die Langzeitarchivierung eine immer wichtigere Rolle einnimmt. Fasst man den Blick weiter und betrachtet Wissenschaft und Kultur allgemein, so droht, durch die hohe Flüchtigkeit der digital gespeicherten Informationen, dass bedeutsame Daten auf Dauer verloren gehen. Daher ist die Sicherstellung der zukünftigen Lesbarkeit und Interpretierbarkeit der digitalen Daten von entscheidender Bedeutung. Zur digitalen Langzeitarchivierung bzw. Langzeitverfügbarmachung werden Strategien benötigt, die die Erhaltung der dauerhaften Verfügbarkeit und damit eine Nachnutzung und Interpretierbarkeit der digital gespeicherten Informationen ermöglichen. Dies kann nur durch Auswahl eines geeigneten Archivsystems, bestimmter Dateiformate und Einsetzung weit verbreiteter Metadaten-Standards erreicht werden. Ein solches System, das kollaboratives Arbeiten und Langzeitarchivierung gleichermaßen ermöglicht, ist das Bildverwaltungssystem “Imeji”. Der folgende Text führt einzelne Merkmale von Imeji aus und stellt zwei Fallbeispiele der Anwendung vor