Analyse of traits of milk production in dairy cows

When evaluating milk performance indicators, we mainly focused on dairy cows of the Holstein breed and its cross-breeds. Within the Holstein breed and its cross-breeds we evaluated 68 dairy cows, which produced on average 6447.63 kg of milk, 272.42 kg of fat, 210.73 kg of proteins and 307.79 kg of lactose. By means of a device LACTOSCAN 90 we defined basic milk components in our samples in laboratory conditions on the basis of set working procedures. Average fat content in our samples stood at 3.87 g/100 g. Average proteins content in our samples stood at 3.36 g/100 g. Average lactose content stood at 4.96 g/100 g. When assessing milk technological qualities we determined the average milk acidity value in our samples, which was 5.85 oSH. The average thermostability value of the tested samples was 2.75. In the milk cheeseability test the shortest time needed for sample precipitation was detected in samples No. 4 (42 s.),   No. 13 (185 s.) and No.11 (190 s.).  

Deciphering myeloid-derived suppressor cells: isolation and markers in humans, mice and non-human primates

International audienceIn cancer, infection and inflammation, the immune system's function can be dysregulated. Instead of fighting disease, immune cells may increase pathology and suppress host-protective immune responses. Myeloid cells show high plasticity and adapt to changing conditions and pathological challenges. Despite their relevance in disease pathophysiology, the identity, heterogeneity and biology of myeloid cells is still poorly understood. We will focus on phenotypical and functional markers of one of the key myeloid regulatory subtypes, the myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC), in humans, mice and non-human primates. Technical issues regarding the isolation of the cells from tissues and blood, timing and sample handling of MDSC will be detailed. Localization of MDSC in a tissue context is of crucial importance and immunohistochemistry approaches for this purpose are discussed. A minimal antibody panel for MDSC research is provided as part of the Mye-EUNITER COST action. Strategies for the identification of additional markers applying state of the art technologies such as mass cytometry will be highlighted. Such marker sets can be used to study MDSC phenotypes across tissues, diseases as well as species and will be crucial to accelerate MDSC research in health and disease

A20 deficiency in myeloid cells protects mice from diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance due to increased fatty acid metabolism

Obesity-induced inflammation is a major driving force in the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and related metabolic disorders. During obesity, macrophages accumulate in the visceral adipose tissue, creating a low-grade inflammatory environment. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) signaling is a central coordinator of inflammatory responses and is tightly regulated by the anti-inflammatory protein A20. Here, we find that myeloid-specific A20-deficient mice are protected from diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance despite an inflammatory environment in their metabolic tissues. Macrophages lacking A20 show impaired mitochondrial respiratory function and metabolize more palmitate both in vitro and in vivo. We hypothesize that A20-deficient macrophages rely more on palmitate oxidation and metabolize the fat present in the diet, resulting in a lean phenotype and protection from metabolic disease. These findings reveal a role for A20 in regulating macrophage immunometabolism

Open access policy and research repositories

The aim of the article is to present the open access policy, its definitions and principles used by universities, the benefits for the scientific community, as well as selected legal issues (free open access and libre open access). The resources of individual institutional repositories were characterized regarding their distribution, types, applied software and categories of depositors. The article is supplemented with reports regarding placement of individual repositories in Polish and worldwide rankings.Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie polityki Open Access, jej definicji i istoty oraz zasad polityki otwartego dostępu stosowanych przez uczelnie, wypływających z tego korzyści dla środowiska naukowego, a także wybranych kwestii prawnych (otwarty dostęp gratis i otwarty dostęp libre). Scharakteryzowano zasoby poszczególnych repozytoriów instytucjonalnych – przedstawiono ich podział, rodzaje, stosowane oprogramowanie oraz kategorie deponentów. Dopełnienie stanowią informacje dotyczące umiejscowienia poszczególnych repozytoriów w rankingach polskich i ogólnoświatowych

Reconstruction of communications in Warmia and Mazury in the years 1945-1950

The aim of this article is to present the most significant problems connected with the process of rebuilding the post-war transportation system in Warmia and Mazury. The system was one of the most important fields of the economy because it provided a basis for further reconstruction. It was essential for carrying out post-war territorial decisions connected with the relocation of the population, for example displacing Germans, relocating the people from the East or the process of settlement. The reconstruction of the transportation system was also necessary for the development of former East Prussia, a part of which was given to Poland by the new administrative authorities. For this reason, teams of railmen were the first to arrive to the territory of Warmia and Mazury. This article presents the destruction of the rolling stock and the participation of the Soviet soldiers in its further devastation. Moreover, the focus is placed on the stages of the reconstruction of the railways and rail connections. Apart from that, substantial attention is devoted to the reconstruction of the road system. The article describes the difficulties in obtaining cars and motorcycles, caused by the fact that most of such vehicles were only to be used by the local authorities. Furthermore, the article presents the development of the passenger road transport network. Attempts have been made not only to reconstruct the timetables and describe the changes in ticket prices, but also to present the difficulties such as the lack of punctuality or limited driving comfort. The article is supplemented with data regarding the number of passengers of the aforementioned forms of transport. Additionally, the information about the alternative methods of travelling during the first five years after the Second World War have been provided

Transcriptional and functional profiling defines human small intestinal macrophage subsets

Contains fulltext : 189872.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access