Contribution to non-destructive ultrasonic testing for the detection of concrete swelling pathologies

Ce travail de thèse porte sur la détection précoce par contrôle non destructif ultrasonore (CND) des pathologies de gonflement du béton que sont la Réaction Sulfatique Interne (RSI) et la Réaction Alcali Granulat (RAG). Celles-ci conduisent à un endommagement du béton d’abord par microfissuration, puis par fissuration. La détection précoce de ces pathologies en laboratoire puis sur site constitue un enjeu de sûreté majeur, notamment dans les ouvrages nucléaires. L’étude porte d’abord sur la sensibilité de l’acoustique non linéaire et de l’émission acoustique vis-à-vis de la RSI. Pour cela, différentes méthodes ont été mises en œuvre en laboratoire puis confrontées. Ensuite, le travail a consisté à développer une technique de CND capable de détecter et localiser les pathologies au centre de massifs en béton de forte épaisseur. Ceci a nécessité la réalisation d’un bloc de béton de dimensions importantes contenant un insert de grès, simulant de par son caractère non linéaire une pathologie. La méthode de CND développée relève de l’acoustique non linéaire non classique et est basée sur l’interaction entre une onde pompe propagative et une onde sonde. Au final la boule de grès a pu être détectée et localisée avec un fort contraste. Une démarche pour rendre les mesures quantitatives a été initiée. Les résultats de cette thèse ouvrent la voie à un transfert sur site de la méthode proposéeThis PhD work focuses on the early detection by ultrasonic non-destructive testing (NDT) of two concrete swelling pathologies, the Delayed Ettringite Formation (DEF) and the Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR). These lead to damage the concrete first by micro-cracking, then by cracking. The early detection of these pathologies in the laboratory and then on site is a major safety issue, particularly in the case of nuclear structures. The study first focuses on the sensitivity of nonlinear acoustics and Acoustic emission to DEF. To do this, different methods were carried out in the laboratory and then compared. Then, the work has consisted in developing an NDT technique able to detect and locate pathologies at the centre of thick concrete blocks. This required the pouring of a concrete block of large dimensions containing a sandstone insert, simulating a pathology due to its non-linear nature. The NDT method developed is based on nonlinear non classical acoustics exploiting the interaction between a propagative pump wave and a probe wave. In the end, the sandstone ball was detected and located with a high contrast. A process to make the measurements quantitative has been initiated. The results of this PhD work pave the way for an on-site transfer of the proposed metho

Apport aux contrôles non destructifs ultrasonores pour la détection des pathologies de gonflement interne du béton

This PhD work focuses on the early detection by ultrasonic non-destructive testing (NDT) of two concrete swelling pathologies, the Delayed Ettringite Formation (DEF) and the Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR). These lead to damage the concrete first by micro-cracking, then by cracking. The early detection of these pathologies in the laboratory and then on site is a major safety issue, particularly in the case of nuclear structures. The study first focuses on the sensitivity of nonlinear acoustics and Acoustic emission to DEF. To do this, different methods were carried out in the laboratory and then compared. Then, the work has consisted in developing an NDT technique able to detect and locate pathologies at the centre of thick concrete blocks. This required the pouring of a concrete block of large dimensions containing a sandstone insert, simulating a pathology due to its non-linear nature. The NDT method developed is based on nonlinear non classical acoustics exploiting the interaction between a propagative pump wave and a probe wave. In the end, the sandstone ball was detected and located with a high contrast. A process to make the measurements quantitative has been initiated. The results of this PhD work pave the way for an on-site transfer of the proposed method.Ce travail de thèse porte sur la détection précoce par contrôle non destructif ultrasonore (CND) des pathologies de gonflement du béton que sont la Réaction Sulfatique Interne (RSI) et la Réaction Alcali Granulat (RAG). Celles-ci conduisent à un endommagement du béton d’abord par microfissuration, puis par fissuration. La détection précoce de ces pathologies en laboratoire puis sur site constitue un enjeu de sûreté majeur, notamment dans les ouvrages nucléaires. L’étude porte d’abord sur la sensibilité de l’acoustique non linéaire et de l’émission acoustique vis-à-vis de la RSI. Pour cela, différentes méthodes ont été mises en œuvre en laboratoire puis confrontées. Ensuite, le travail a consisté à développer une technique de CND capable de détecter et localiser les pathologies au centre de massifs en béton de forte épaisseur. Ceci a nécessité la réalisation d’un bloc de béton de dimensions importantes contenant un insert de grès, simulant de par son caractère non linéaire une pathologie. La méthode de CND développée relève de l’acoustique non linéaire non classique et est basée sur l’interaction entre une onde pompe propagative et une onde sonde. Au final la boule de grès a pu être détectée et localisée avec un fort contraste. Une démarche pour rendre les mesures quantitatives a été initiée. Les résultats de cette thèse ouvrent la voie à un transfert sur site de la méthode proposée

Apport aux contrôles non destructifs ultrasonores pour la détection des pathologies de gonflement interne du béton

This PhD work focuses on the early detection by ultrasonic non-destructive testing (NDT) of two concrete swelling pathologies, the Delayed Ettringite Formation (DEF) and the Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR). These lead to damage the concrete first by micro-cracking, then by cracking. The early detection of these pathologies in the laboratory and then on site is a major safety issue, particularly in the case of nuclear structures. The study first focuses on the sensitivity of nonlinear acoustics and Acoustic emission to DEF. To do this, different methods were carried out in the laboratory and then compared. Then, the work has consisted in developing an NDT technique able to detect and locate pathologies at the centre of thick concrete blocks. This required the pouring of a concrete block of large dimensions containing a sandstone insert, simulating a pathology due to its non-linear nature. The NDT method developed is based on nonlinear non classical acoustics exploiting the interaction between a propagative pump wave and a probe wave. In the end, the sandstone ball was detected and located with a high contrast. A process to make the measurements quantitative has been initiated. The results of this PhD work pave the way for an on-site transfer of the proposed method.Ce travail de thèse porte sur la détection précoce par contrôle non destructif ultrasonore (CND) des pathologies de gonflement du béton que sont la Réaction Sulfatique Interne (RSI) et la Réaction Alcali Granulat (RAG). Celles-ci conduisent à un endommagement du béton d’abord par microfissuration, puis par fissuration. La détection précoce de ces pathologies en laboratoire puis sur site constitue un enjeu de sûreté majeur, notamment dans les ouvrages nucléaires. L’étude porte d’abord sur la sensibilité de l’acoustique non linéaire et de l’émission acoustique vis-à-vis de la RSI. Pour cela, différentes méthodes ont été mises en œuvre en laboratoire puis confrontées. Ensuite, le travail a consisté à développer une technique de CND capable de détecter et localiser les pathologies au centre de massifs en béton de forte épaisseur. Ceci a nécessité la réalisation d’un bloc de béton de dimensions importantes contenant un insert de grès, simulant de par son caractère non linéaire une pathologie. La méthode de CND développée relève de l’acoustique non linéaire non classique et est basée sur l’interaction entre une onde pompe propagative et une onde sonde. Au final la boule de grès a pu être détectée et localisée avec un fort contraste. Une démarche pour rendre les mesures quantitatives a été initiée. Les résultats de cette thèse ouvrent la voie à un transfert sur site de la méthode proposée

Apport aux contrôles non destructifs ultrasonores pour la détection des pathologies de gonflement interne du béton

This PhD work focuses on the early detection by ultrasonic non-destructive testing (NDT) of two concrete swelling pathologies, the Delayed Ettringite Formation (DEF) and the Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR). These lead to damage the concrete first by micro-cracking, then by cracking. The early detection of these pathologies in the laboratory and then on site is a major safety issue, particularly in the case of nuclear structures. The study first focuses on the sensitivity of nonlinear acoustics and Acoustic emission to DEF. To do this, different methods were carried out in the laboratory and then compared. Then, the work has consisted in developing an NDT technique able to detect and locate pathologies at the centre of thick concrete blocks. This required the pouring of a concrete block of large dimensions containing a sandstone insert, simulating a pathology due to its non-linear nature. The NDT method developed is based on nonlinear non classical acoustics exploiting the interaction between a propagative pump wave and a probe wave. In the end, the sandstone ball was detected and located with a high contrast. A process to make the measurements quantitative has been initiated. The results of this PhD work pave the way for an on-site transfer of the proposed method.Ce travail de thèse porte sur la détection précoce par contrôle non destructif ultrasonore (CND) des pathologies de gonflement du béton que sont la Réaction Sulfatique Interne (RSI) et la Réaction Alcali Granulat (RAG). Celles-ci conduisent à un endommagement du béton d’abord par microfissuration, puis par fissuration. La détection précoce de ces pathologies en laboratoire puis sur site constitue un enjeu de sûreté majeur, notamment dans les ouvrages nucléaires. L’étude porte d’abord sur la sensibilité de l’acoustique non linéaire et de l’émission acoustique vis-à-vis de la RSI. Pour cela, différentes méthodes ont été mises en œuvre en laboratoire puis confrontées. Ensuite, le travail a consisté à développer une technique de CND capable de détecter et localiser les pathologies au centre de massifs en béton de forte épaisseur. Ceci a nécessité la réalisation d’un bloc de béton de dimensions importantes contenant un insert de grès, simulant de par son caractère non linéaire une pathologie. La méthode de CND développée relève de l’acoustique non linéaire non classique et est basée sur l’interaction entre une onde pompe propagative et une onde sonde. Au final la boule de grès a pu être détectée et localisée avec un fort contraste. Une démarche pour rendre les mesures quantitatives a été initiée. Les résultats de cette thèse ouvrent la voie à un transfert sur site de la méthode proposée

Apport aux contrôles non destructifs ultrasonores pour la détection des pathologies de gonflement interne du béton

This PhD work focuses on the early detection by ultrasonic non-destructive testing (NDT) of two concrete swelling pathologies, the Delayed Ettringite Formation (DEF) and the Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR). These lead to damage the concrete first by micro-cracking, then by cracking. The early detection of these pathologies in the laboratory and then on site is a major safety issue, particularly in the case of nuclear structures. The study first focuses on the sensitivity of nonlinear acoustics and Acoustic emission to DEF. To do this, different methods were carried out in the laboratory and then compared. Then, the work has consisted in developing an NDT technique able to detect and locate pathologies at the centre of thick concrete blocks. This required the pouring of a concrete block of large dimensions containing a sandstone insert, simulating a pathology due to its non-linear nature. The NDT method developed is based on nonlinear non classical acoustics exploiting the interaction between a propagative pump wave and a probe wave. In the end, the sandstone ball was detected and located with a high contrast. A process to make the measurements quantitative has been initiated. The results of this PhD work pave the way for an on-site transfer of the proposed method.Ce travail de thèse porte sur la détection précoce par contrôle non destructif ultrasonore (CND) des pathologies de gonflement du béton que sont la Réaction Sulfatique Interne (RSI) et la Réaction Alcali Granulat (RAG). Celles-ci conduisent à un endommagement du béton d’abord par microfissuration, puis par fissuration. La détection précoce de ces pathologies en laboratoire puis sur site constitue un enjeu de sûreté majeur, notamment dans les ouvrages nucléaires. L’étude porte d’abord sur la sensibilité de l’acoustique non linéaire et de l’émission acoustique vis-à-vis de la RSI. Pour cela, différentes méthodes ont été mises en œuvre en laboratoire puis confrontées. Ensuite, le travail a consisté à développer une technique de CND capable de détecter et localiser les pathologies au centre de massifs en béton de forte épaisseur. Ceci a nécessité la réalisation d’un bloc de béton de dimensions importantes contenant un insert de grès, simulant de par son caractère non linéaire une pathologie. La méthode de CND développée relève de l’acoustique non linéaire non classique et est basée sur l’interaction entre une onde pompe propagative et une onde sonde. Au final la boule de grès a pu être détectée et localisée avec un fort contraste. Une démarche pour rendre les mesures quantitatives a été initiée. Les résultats de cette thèse ouvrent la voie à un transfert sur site de la méthode proposée

Linear and nonlinear resonant ultrasonic techniques applied to assess delayed ettringite formation on concrete samples

International audienc

Management of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treatment in France from 2008–2018: The Nationwide LANDSCAPE Study

This manuscript is based on work that has been previously presented at the 2023 ARVO Annual Meeting on 24 April 2023 (Posterboard Number: 2186—C0139) and at the 129th Congrès de la Société Française d’Ophtalmologie on 7 May 2023, Paris, France.International audienceIntroduction: The aim of this study was to describe the management of neovascular agerelated macular degeneration (nAMD) in French patients between 2008 and 2018. Methods: This was a retrospective longitudinal cohort study using exhaustive nationwide health records from the French National Health Information database. Enrollment criteria were adults aged C 50 years, nAMD diagnosis, or reimbursement for nAMD treatments (anti-vascular epithelial growth factor [VEGF] injection or dynamic phototherapy with verteporfin). Exclusion criteria were high myopia, diagnosis of other retinal diseases, and treatments for other macular diseases (dexamethasone implant, laser). Main outcome measures were consumption of medical care and nAMD treatments per calendar year and number of years of follow-up. Results: Between 2008 and 2018, we identified 342,961 patients who have been treated for nAMD. Median duration of ophthalmological follow-up exceeded 7 years (90 months). The median annual number of ophthalmology consultations decreased from nine visits in year 1 after treatment initiation to four visits fro

Ulipristal Acetate Inhibits Progesterone Receptor Isoform A-Mediated Human Breast Cancer Proliferation and BCl₂-L₁ Expression

<div><p>The progesterone receptor (PR) with its isoforms and ligands are involved in breast tumorigenesis and prognosis. We aimed at analyzing the respective contribution of PR isoforms, PRA and PRB, in breast cancer cell proliferation in a new estrogen-independent cell based-model, allowing independent PR isoforms analysis. We used the bi-inducible human breast cancer cell system MDA-iPRAB. We studied the effects and molecular mechanisms of action of progesterone (P4) and ulipristal acetate (UPA), a new selective progesterone receptor modulator, alone or in combination. P4 significantly stimulated MDA-iPRA expressing cells proliferation. This was associated with P4-stimulated expression of the anti-apoptotic factor BCL₂-L₁ and enhanced recruitment of PRA, SRC-1 and RNA Pol II onto the +58 kb PR binding motif of the <i>BCL</i>_<i>2</i><i>-L</i>_<i>1</i> gene. UPA decreased cell proliferation and repressed BCL_2-L₁ expression in the presence of PRA, correlating with PRA and SRC1 but not RNA Pol II recruitment. These results bring new information on the mechanism of action of PR ligands in controlling breast cancer cell proliferation through PRA in an estrogen independent model. Evaluation of PR isoforms ratio, as well as molecular signature studies based on PRA target genes could be proposed to facilitate personalized breast cancer therapy. In this context, UPA could be of interest in endocrine therapy. Further confirmation in the clinical setting is required.</p></div

Incidence and Prevalence of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration in France between 2008 and 2018

International audiencePURPOSE: This study aimed to estimate the incidence and prevalence of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) in the French population between 2008 and 2018. DESIGN: This was a retrospective, longitudinal population study using health care consumption data from the Système National des Données de Santé (SNDS; the French National Health Information Database), which covers approximately 99% of the French population. PARTICIPANTS: We identified individuals treated for nAMD from the French population 50 years of age and older. Identification criteria were nAMD diagnosis or reimbursement of nAMD treatments (anti-vascular endothelial growth factor intravitreal injection or dynamic phototherapy with verteporfin). Exclusion criteria were high myopia, diagnosis of other retinal diseases, and other treatments for macular diseases (dexamethasone implant, laser therapy, etc.). METHODS: We calculated incidence and prevalence based on the age-matched general population in France. Adjustment for age and sex was also performed for incidence. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence and prevalence of nAMD in the French population between 2008 and 2018. RESULTS: Between 2008 and 2018, we identified 342 961 patients with nAMD (67.5% women). Mean ± standard deviation age at nAMD diagnosis or first treatment increased from 78.8 ± 8.1 years in 2008 to 81.2 ± 7.9 years in 2018. In 2018, annual incidence was 0.149% and prevalence was 1.062% for the French population 50 years of age or older. Incidence was stable over the 10-year period. Annual incidence increased with age (0.223%, 0.380%, and 0.603% in those 60 years of age or older, 70 years of age or older, and 80 years of age or older, respectively), with similar trends for prevalence. No major differences were observed among the 14 regions of France for incidence or prevalence. Neovascular age-related macular degeneration incidence in 2018 was not impacted by the availability of primary or ophthalmology care in patients' localities. CONCLUSIONS: The LANDSCAPE study provides exhaustive nationwide data on incidence and prevalence of nAMD in France over a 10-year period

Epidemiology of Treated Diabetes Ocular Complications in France 2008–2018—The LANDSCAPE French Nationwide Study

International audienceAim: LANDSCAPE aimed to estimate the annual incidence and prevalence of treated diabetic macular edema (DME) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) between 2008 and 2018. Methods: This French nationwide observational study used data from the French National Health Insurance Databases covering 99% of the French population. Data about healthcare consumption were used to identify adults treated with anti-VEGFs or dexamethasone implants (for DME) and with pan-retinal photocoagulation (for PDR). All French patients newly treated between 2008 and 2018 were included. Incidence and prevalence of treated DME and PDR were estimated for the age-matched general population and the population with diabetes in France. Sociodemographic characteristics and medical history were described in both populations. Results: We identified 53,584 treated DME patients and 127,273 treated PDR patients between 2008 and 2018, and 11,901 DME and 11,996 PDR new incident patients in 2018. The treated DME incidence in 2018 was 2.5 per 10,000 in the general population and 37.3 per 10,000 in the population with diabetes. Prevalence in 2018 was 9.5 and 143.7 per 10,000 in the respective populations. Treated PDR incidence in 2018 was 2.3 per 10,000 in the general population and 31.2 per 10,000 in the population with diabetes. Prevalence in 2018 was 19.9 and 270.3 per 10,000 in the respective populations. Incidence and prevalence were not age-dependent. Incidence of treated PDR incidence was relatively stable from 2008–2018. Incidence of treated DME incidence rose from 2012–2018, probably due to widening access to newly available treatments, such as anti-VEGFs. Conclusions: We provide exhaustive nationwide data on the incidence and prevalence of treated diabetic ocular complications in France over a 10-year period