Accounting for Quantum Effects and Polysilicon Depletion in an Analytical Design-Oriented MOSFET Model

Abstract An analytical MOSFET model is presented that accounts for energy quantization in inversion charge and depletion in the poly gate. The model consistently describes effects on charges, transcapacitances, drain current and transconductances in all regions of operation, depending on five physical device parameters and bias conditions. Comparison to experimental data is provided and parameter extraction briefly discussed. The model offers manageable equations providing insight into the physical phenomena, thereby supporting analog circuit design practice as well as efficient circuit simulation

Resurgence of HIV infection among men who have sex with men in Switzerland : mathematical modelling study

New HIV infections in men who have sex with men (MSM) have increased in Switzerland since 2000 despite combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). The objectives of this mathematical modelling study were: to describe the dynamics of the HIV epidemic in MSM in Switzerland using national data; to explore the effects of hypothetical prevention scenarios; and to conduct a multivariate sensitivity analysis. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The model describes HIV transmission, progression and the effects of cART using differential equations. The model was fitted to Swiss HIV and AIDS surveillance data and twelve unknown parameters were estimated. Predicted numbers of diagnosed HIV infections and AIDS cases fitted the observed data well. By the end of 2010, an estimated 13.5% (95% CI 12.5, 14.6%) of all HIV-infected MSM were undiagnosed and accounted for 81.8% (95% CI 81.1, 82.4%) of new HIV infections. The transmission rate was at its lowest from 1995-1999, with a nadir of 46 incident HIV infections in 1999, but increased from 2000. The estimated number of new infections continued to increase to more than 250 in 2010, although the reproduction number was still below the epidemic threshold. Prevention scenarios included temporary reductions in risk behaviour, annual test and treat, and reduction in risk behaviour to levels observed earlier in the epidemic. These led to predicted reductions in new infections from 2 to 26% by 2020. Parameters related to disease progression and relative infectiousness at different HIV stages had the greatest influence on estimates of the net transmission rate. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The model outputs suggest that the increase in HIV transmission amongst MSM in Switzerland is the result of continuing risky sexual behaviour, particularly by those unaware of their infection status. Long term reductions in the incidence of HIV infection in MSM in Switzerland will require increased and sustained uptake of effective interventions

Bayesian spatial modelling of terrestrial radiation in Switzerland

The geographic variation of terrestrial radiation can be exploited in epidemiological studies of the health effects of protracted low-dose exposure. Various methods have been applied to derive maps of this variation. We aimed to construct a map of terrestrial radiation for Switzerland. We used airborne $\gamma$-spectrometry measurements to model the ambient dose rates from terrestrial radiation through a Bayesian mixed-effects model and conducted inference using Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA). We predicted higher levels of ambient dose rates in the alpine regions and Ticino compared with the western and northern parts of Switzerland. We provide a map that can be used for exposure assessment in epidemiological studies and as a baseline map for assessing potential contamination.Comment: 27 pages, 10 figure

Correction: Reactivity of a pyridinium-substituted dimethyldihydropyrene switch under aerobic conditions: self-sensitized photo-oxygenation and thermal release of singlet oxygen

Correction for 'Reactivity of a pyridinium-substituted dimethyldihydropyrene switch under aerobic conditions: self-sensitized photo-oxygenation and thermal release of singlet oxygen' by Saioa Cobo et al., Chem. Commun., 2015, 51, 13886–13889

Modèle de conception cartographique intégrant l'expérience utilisateur

International audienceThe use of geoportals facilitates access to reference topographic representations (IGN 1 , OSM 2 , etc.). In most cases, geoportals do not offer legend to users, thus impacting the interpretation and assimilation of visualised geographic information. Likewise, in some cases, particularly in border areas, geoportals provide heterogeneous representations of the territory that are difficult for users to interpret. In this context, the major challenge is to enrich the existing knowledge of cartographic design in order to produce easily interpretable cartographic representations that minimise the use of the legend. We propose a user-centred cartographic design model based on two key concepts: the visual signature and the cartographic family. These two concepts allow a map producer to design a map by taking into account the elements of legend learnt by users during their different cartographic experiences. In order to validate our model, we test it to design homogeneous cartographic representation at the Franco-Swiss border.L'usage des portails cartographiques facilite l'accès aux représentations topographiques de référence (IGN, OSM, etc.). Le plus souvent, les portails cartographiques ne proposent pas de légende aux utilisateurs, impactant ainsi l'interprétation et l'assimilation de l'information géographique visualisée. De même, dans certains cas, notamment sur les zones frontalières, les portails cartographiques proposent des représentations du territoire hétérogènes et difficilement interprétables pour les utilisateurs. Dans ce contexte, l'enjeu est d'enrichir les connaissances existantes sur la rédaction cartographique pour produire des représentations cartographiques facilement interprétables minimisant l'aide de la légende. Nous proposons un modèle de conception cart-graphique centrée sur l'utilisateur comprenant deux concepts clés : la signature visuelle et la famille cartographique. Ces deux concepts permettent à un concepteur de produire une carte en tenant compte des éléments de légende appris par les utilisateurs au cours de leurs différentes expériences cartographiques. Afin de valider notre proposition, nous testons notre modèle sur la conception d'une représentation cartographique homogène à la frontière franco-suisse

A Barrel‐Shaped Metal‐Organic Blue‐Box Analog with Photo‐/Redox‐Switchable Behavior

International audienceDonor acceptor interactions are ubiquitous in the design and understanding of host-guest complexes. Despite their non-covalent nature, they can readily dictate the self-assembly of complex architectures. Here, we present a photo-/redox-switchable metal-organic nanocapsule, assembled using lanthanide ions and viologen building blocks, that relies on such donor-acceptor interactions. We highlight the potential of this unique barrel-shaped structure for the encapsulation of suitable electron donors, akin to the well-investigated "blue-box" macrocycles. The light-triggered reduction of the viologen units has been investigated by single-crystal-to-single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments, complemented by magnetic, optical and solid-state electrochemical characterizations. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to suggest the most likely electron donor in the light-triggered reduction of the viologen-based ligand

Urban climate services : climate impact projections and their uncertainties at city scale

In many cities across Europe, both urban authorities and private actors have made strong commitments to adapt to future climate changes. Although a lot of climate information is available at the global and regional scale, this is often not the case at the local urban scale. Moreover, such information should account for a wide range of uncertainty factors ranging from global to city-scale development scenarios to uncertainties due to model errors. In an effort to lay the methodological groundworks for reliable urban climate services, URCLIM explores a compound handling of these uncertainties for various European cities and applies it to the assessment of adaptation measures

FOSS EKV2.6 Verilog-A Compact MOSFET Model

The EKV2.6 MOSFET compact model has had a considerable impact on the academic and industrial community of analog integrated circuit design, since its inception in 1996. The model is available as a free open-source software (FOSS) tool coded in Verilog-A. The present paper provides a short review of foundations of the model and shows its capabilities via characterization and modeling based on a test chip in 180 nm CMOS fabricated via Europractice