Chemostratigraphy and depositional environment of an Ordovician sedimentary section across the Miramichi Group - Tetagouche Group contact, northeastern New Brunswick

A thick section of Ordovician sedimentary rocks underlies and overlies felsic to mafic volcanic rocks of the Tetagouche Group, Bathurst Mining Camp. The dark grey quartzose slates and siltstones of the Patrick Brook Formation (Miramichi Group) occur below the volcanic rocks, whereas the dark grey to black slates and siltstones of the Boucher Brook Formation (Tetagouche Group) are intercalated with the volcanic rocks and overlie the sequence. The Miramichi-Tctagouche contact represents the interpreted Gander-Dunnage boundary in northeastern New Brunswick. Distinguishing between these two simitar formations is important for stratigraphic and geo-tectonic interpretations of the Bathurst Mining Camp and for exploration in these sequences. The geochemical composition of a semi-con form able section of rocks from the Boucher Brook (Middle to Late? Ordovician) and Patrick Brook (Early to Middle Ordovician) formations was determined to identify geochemical chemostratigraphic discriminants, as well as to determine the depositional environment in which these were deposited. The high AI2O3 and distinctly higher high-field-strength elements (LREE, Th, HREE, and Y) in the Patrick Brook rocks are characteristic of mature sedimentary rocks and indicate intense chemical weathering (tropical environment) in the source regions, which is consistent with their compositional similarity to Avalon-derived shales analogous to Gander Zone sedimentary rocks. The Boucher Brook slates and siltstones are immature sedimentary rocks based on the preservation of albite and the less coherent trace-element systematics to phyllosilicate indices (AI2O3 and K2O). The Boucher Brook Formation is probably derived from the associated volcanic rocks. The higher Mn and Fe and positive Ce/Ce* anomaly in some Boucher Brook Formation compared to the Patrick Brook rocks indicate that the Boucher Brook rocks in this section were deposited in a transitional anoxic/ oxic environment. The Patrick Brook rocks that immediately precede felsic volcanism and formation of massive sulphide deposits are highly reduced based on C and S contents, which is consistent with the sulphur isotope data. Moderately heavy δ34S values are indicative of SO42- reduction to H2S under anoxic conditions, which is significant in the formation and preservation of massive sulphides in the basal Tetagouche sequence. RÉSUMÉ Une section épaisse de roches sédimentaires de l’Ordovicien est sus-jacente ct sous-jacente à des roches volcanomafiques à volcanofelsiques du groupe de Tetagouche, dans le Camp minier de Bathurst. Des siltstones et des schistes quartzeux gris foncé de la Formation de Patrick Brook (groupe de Miramichi) sont présents au-dessous des roches volcaniques, tandis que des schistes et des siltstones gris foncé à noirs de la formation de Boucher Brook (groupe de Tetagouche) sont intercales dans les roches volcaniques et recouvrent la séquence. La surface de contact de Miramichi-Tetagouche représente ce qu'on interprèts comme la limite de Gander-Dunnage dans le nord-est du Nouveau-Brunswick. Il est important d'établir une distinction entre ces deux formations semblables pour les interprétations stratigraphiques du Camp minier de Bathurst et pour l'exploration dans ces séquences. On a détermine la composition géochimique d'une section semi-concordante de roches de Boucher Brook (Ordovicien moyen à tardif?) et de Patrick Brook (Ordovicien inférieur à moyen) afin de repérer les discriminants chimiostratigraphiques géochimiques ainsi que pour définir le milieu sédimentaire dans lequel ceux-ci ont été deposes. La quantité prononcée d'Al2O3 et la présence distinctement supérieure d'éléments d'intensité de champ élevée (éléments de terres rares légers, Th, éléments de terres rares lourds et Y) dans les roches de Patrick Brook constituent des traits caractérstiques de roches sédimentaires matures; el les témoignent d'une altération climatique chimique intense (milieu tropical) dans les regions d'origine, ce qui est compatible avec la similarité de leur composition avec les schistes en provenance d'Avalon analogues aux roches sédimentaires de la zone de Gander. Les schistes et les siltstones de Boucher Brook sont des roches sédimentaires immatures basées sur la conservation d'albite et la corrélation d'éléments traces moins cohérents avec les indices de phyllosilicates (AI2O3). La Formation de Boucher Brook provient probabtement de roches volcaniques connexes. La proportion supérieure de Mn et de Fe et l’anomalie positive de Ce/Ce* dans certaines parties de la Formation de Boucher Brook révèlcnt que les roches de Boucher Brook de cette section ont été déposées dans un milieu anoxique / oxique de transition. Les roches de Patrick Brook qui ont immédiatement précedé le volcanisme felsique et la formation de gitcs de sulfures massifs ont, à en juger par Icur teneur en C et en S, subi une réduction importante, ce qui correspond aux données isotopiques relatives au soufre. Les valeurs moyennement prononcées de δ34S temoignent d'une réduction du SO42- en H2S dans des conditions anoxiques, un phénomène déterminant dans la formation et la conservation des sulfures massifs dans la séquence basale de Tetagouche. [Traduit par la rédaction

Interracial Dialogues in Dixie: Expressing Emotions to Promote Racial Reconciliation

Given the legacy of racial injustice and mistrust that continues to plague race relations in the United States, it is important that citizens of different racial backgrounds come together to share their feelings and thoughts about race issues in order to advance racial reconciliation in their own communities. Saunders (1999) asserts that such dialogues can transform interracial relationships that could inspire the larger community to change itself. This study presents the results of nine interracial focus groups from two dialogues on race relations events held in Dothan, Alabama in 2015 and 2016. Our findings illustrate that many Black respondents displayed both anger and sadness as they provided stories of the institutionalized racism (e.g., racial profiling, educational inequality, residential segregation, etc.) as well as the more personalized racism that they had experienced. White respondents too demonstrated anger and sadness when relating their own experiences of strained race relations. This mixed-methods study also employed API analysis to further strengthen our original qualitative exploration of emotions. We argue that interracial dialogues can hold the potential for racial reconciliation as participants’ stories elucidate our most intransient race problems while also highlighting the emotions that connect discussants through the dialogic process

Metro System of Local Government (A Survey)

Growth of many American cities into vast metropolitan communities of suburban cities, towns and villages clustered about the central city is creating complex problems of local government. Duplication of services and costs is matched by artificial compartmentalization of adjacent areas, all developing with little or no overall plan or logic.Herein, four outstanding community leaders examine the problem in terms of the situation in the Ohio area of Cuyahoga County, around the core city of Cleveland. Extracts from four speeches are set forth here, all delivered at a recent luncheon of the Cleveland-Marshall Alumni Association

ECG Response of Koalas to Tourists Proximity: A Preliminary Study

Koalas operate on a tight energy budget and, thus, may not always display behavioral avoidance reaction when placed in a stressful condition. We investigated the physiological response of captive koalas Phascolarctos cinereus in a conservation centre to the presence of tourists walking through their habitat. We compared, using animal-attached data-recorders, the electrocardiogram activity of female koalas in contact with tourists and in a human-free area. One of the koalas in the tourist zone presented elevated heart rate values and variability throughout the recording period. The remaining female in the exhibit area showed a higher field resting heart rates during the daytime than that in the isolated area. In the evening, heart rate profiles changed drastically and both the koalas in the exhibit and in the tourist-free zones displayed similar field resting heart rates, which were lower than those during the day. In parallel, the autonomic nervous systems of these two individuals evolved from sympathetic-dominant during the day to parasympathetic-dominant in the evening. Our results report ECG of free-living koalas for the first time. Although they are preliminary due to the difficulty of having sufficient samples of animals of the same sex and age, our results stress out the importance of studies investigating the physiological reaction of animals to tourists

Association between Changes in Muscle Quality with Exercise Training and Changes in Cardiorespiratory Fitness Measures in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Results from the HART-D Study

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a reduction in muscle quality. However, there is inadequate empirical evidence to determine whether changes in muscle quality following exercise are associated with improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in individuals with T2DM. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between change in muscle quality following a 9-month intervention of aerobic training (AT), resistance training (RT) or a combination of both (ATRT) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in individuals with T2DM. Material and Methods A total of 196 participants were randomly assigned to a control, AT, RT, or combined ATRT for a 9-months intervention. The exposure variable was change in muscle quality [(Post: leg muscle strength/leg muscle mass)-[(Pre: leg muscle strength/leg muscle mass)]. Dependent variables were change in CRF measures including absolute and relative VO2peak, and treadmill time to exhaustion (TTE) and estimated metabolic equivalent task (METs). Results Continuous change in muscle quality was independently associated with change in absolute (β = 0.015; p = 0.019) and relative (β = 0.200; p = 0.005) VO2peak, and TTE (β = 0.170; p = 0.043), but not with estimated METs (p > 0.05). A significant trend was observed across tertiles of change in muscle quality for changes in absolute (β = 0.050; p = 0.005) and relative (β = 0.624; p = 0.002) VO2peak following 9 months of exercise training. No such association was observed for change in TTE and estimated METs (p > 0.05). Discussion: The results from this ancillary study suggest that change in muscle quality following exercise training is associated with a greater improvement in CRF in individuals with T2DM. Given the effect RT has on increasing muscle quality, especially as part of a recommended training program (ATRT), individuals with T2DM should incorporate RT into their AT regimens to optimize CRF improvement

Differential Effects of Aerobic Exercise, Resistance Training and Combined Exercise Modalities on Cholesterol and the Lipid Profile:Review, Synthesis and Recommendations

There is a direct relationship between chronically elevated cholesterol levels (dyslipidaemia) and coronary heart disease. A reduction in total cholesterol is considered the gold standard in preventative cardiovascular medicine. Exercise has been shown to have positive impacts on the pathogenesis, symptomatology and physical fitness of individuals with dyslipidaemia, and to reduce cholesterol levels. The optimal mode, frequency, intensity and duration of exercise for improvement of cholesterol levels are, however, yet to be identified. This review assesses the evidence from 13 published investigations and two review articles that have addressed the effects of aerobic exercise, resistance training and combined aerobic and resistance training on cholesterol levels and the lipid profile. The data included in this review confirm the beneficial effects of regular activity on cholesterol levels and describe the impacts of differing volumes and intensities of exercise upon different types of cholesterol. Evidence-based exercise recommendations are presented, aimed at facilitating the prescription and delivery of interventions in order to optimize cholesterol levels

The effects of low and high glycemic index foods on exercise performance and beta-endorphin responses

Τhe aim of this study was to examine the effects of the consumption of foods of various glycemic index values on performance, β-endorphin levels and substrate (fat and carbohydrate) utilization during prolonged exercise. Eight untrained healthy males underwent, in a randomized counterbalanced design, three experimental conditions under which they received carbohydrates (1.5 gr. kg-1 of body weight) of low glycemic index (LGI), high glycemic index (HGI) or placebo. Food was administered 30 min prior to exercise. Subjects cycled for 60 min at an intensity corresponding to 65% of VO2max, which was increased to 90% of VO2max, then they cycled until exhaustion and the time to exhaustion was recorded. Blood was collected prior to food consumption, 15 min prior to exercise, 0, 20, 40, and 60 min into exercise as well as at exhaustion. Blood was analyzed for β-endorphin, glucose, insulin, and lactate. The mean time to exhaustion did not differ between the three conditions (LGI = 3.2 ± 0.9 min; HGI = 2.9 ± 0.9 min; placebo = 2.7 ± 0.7 min). There was a significant interaction in glucose and insulin response (P < 0.05) with HGI exhibiting higher values before exercise. β-endorphin increased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of exercise without, however, a significant interaction between the three conditions. Rate of perceived exertion, heart rate, ventilation, lactate, respiratory quotient and substrate oxidation rate did not differ between the three conditions. The present study indicates that ingestion of foods of different glycemic index 30 min prior to one hour cycling exercise does not result in significant changes in exercise performance, β-endorphin levels as well as carbohydrate and fat oxidation during exercise

Terrorism, Trauma and Psychology: A multilevel victim perspective of the Bali bombings

This book provides a comprehensive insight into the multilayered effects experienced by directly affected victims and their indirectly affected family members following terrorist incidents and other world disasters. Chapters draw primarily on interviews with fifty victims of the Bali bombings, but also consider terrorist incidents including the London and Boston bombings, and disasters such as the Boxing Day tsunami and the Fukushima nuclear disaster. The book provides a detailed exploration of experiences and perceptions of those involved in the traumatic events, as well as their families, emergency response teams and community volunteers. Chapters discuss community responses to major incidents, appropriate non-medical models of intervention and vulnerable groups that may require special attention. The findings and analysis presented contribute to our understanding of the multilayered effects of terrorism on victims of all levels, and the importance of a planned and informed response, which includes the local community and its wealth of pre-existing resources. Terrorism, Trauma and Psychology: A multilevel victim perspective of the Bali bombing will be key reading for researchers and academics in the fields of social and clinical psychology, as well as scholars of victimology and terrorism studies