18 research outputs found
A INTIFADA COMO LUTA PELA EMANCIPAÇÃO DO SUBJUGO ISRAELENSE E A INSERÇÃO NO SISTEMA INTERNACIONAL
O artigo se propõe expor a forma de dominação sobre a qual a Palestina ainda está sujeita e os diferentes modos de opressão que se abatem sobre esse povo. Tendo a Intifada como mecanismo de tentativa de luta emancipatória, a Palestina tem se esforçado para se tornar parte do Sistema. O que o artigo propõe é levantar a reflexão acerca de como pode a emancipação ser atingida a partir do levante civil, a Intifada, contrária ao subjugo israelense e como esse levante pode levar a um provável subjugo não mais de Israel, mas do Sistema por si só
O CASO DE FERGUSON: REPRESSÃO JUSTA OU EXACERBADA?
O presente artigo busca uma análise acerca de como as maiorias reprimidas nos recentes protestos ocorridos em Ferguson são uma representação do preconceito latente que ainda assola o paÃs que ostenta com primazia a bandeira da defesa dos Direitos Humanos no cenário internacional e como tal feito pode simbolizar uma contradição para a esfera norte americana.  Palavras-chave: Ferguson; Direitos Humanos; preconceito
Gestão do Fomento à Cooperação Internacional em Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação: a experiência das Fundações de Amparo à Pesquisa (FAPs) brasileiras1
A cooperação internacional brasileira em ciência, tecnologia e inovação tem apresentado crescimento exponencial. Este artigo analisa o papel das Fundações de Amparo à Pesquisa (FAPs) estaduais no fomento da cooperação internacional. Realizou-se um diagnóstico aprofundado que apontou as principais assimetrias estaduais de apoio à cooperação internacional e os seus reflexos no desenvolvimento de um ecossistema de inovação à nÃvel subnacional. Foram avaliados aspectos relacionados à gestão da cooperação internacional pelas FAPs, assim como os instrumentos utilizados, paÃses prioritários e temáticas de maior proeminência. Como metodologia, utilizou-se pesquisa documental e revisão bibliográfica, aplicação de questionário e realização de entrevistas de aprofundamento. As conclusões foram tecidas no sentido de evidenciar que apesar da maioria das FAPs empreenderem atividades de fomento à cooperação internacional, a gestão do fomento dessas atividades ainda pode ser aprimorad
Caminhos para o Diagnóstico Precoce: Biomarcadores Neurogenéticos na Doença de Alzheimer.
This paper proposes a literature review on neurogenetic biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease (AD), highlighting their fundamental role in early diagnosis and understanding of the disease's pathogenesis. The analysis covers the identification of specific genetic variants, such as those in the TOMM40 gene, and polymorphisms identified through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Additionally, the differential expression of genes associated with AD in early stages offers a unique opportunity for more effective therapeutic interventions. Despite advances, challenges such as external validation and genetic variability are crucial. The neurogenetic approach represents progress in understanding the genetic heterogeneity in AD, providing a foundation for future research. The abstract highlights the promising implications of neurogenetic biomarkers and emphasizes the importance of ethical and social awareness.Este trabalho propõe uma revisão de literatura sobre biomarcadores neurogenéticos na doença de Alzheimer (DA), destacando seu papel fundamental no diagnóstico precoce e na compreensão da patogênese da doença. A análise abrange a identificação de variantes genéticas especÃficas, como aquelas no gene TOMM40, e polimorfismos identificados por meio de estudos de associação genômica ampla (GWAS). Além disso, a expressão diferencial de genes associados à DA em estágios iniciais oferece uma oportunidade única para intervenções terapêuticas mais eficazes. Apesar dos avanços, desafios como a validação externa e a variabilidade genética são cruciais. A abordagem neurogenética representa um avanço na compreensão da heterogeneidade genética na DA, fornecendo uma base para pesquisas futuras. O resumo destaca as implicações promissoras dos biomarcadores neurogenéticos e destaca a importância da conscientização ética e social
Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research
Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4
While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge
of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In
the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of
Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus
crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced
environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian
Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by
2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status,
much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research
Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost
Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study
Summary
Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally.
Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies
have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of
the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income
countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality.
Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to
hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis,
exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a
minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical
status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary
intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause,
in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status.
We did a complete case analysis.
Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital
diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal
malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome
countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male.
Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3).
Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income
countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups).
Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome
countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries;
p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients
combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11],
p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20
[1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention
(ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety
checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed
(ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of
parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65
[0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality.
Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome,
middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will
be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger
than 5 years by 2030
Omissão ou enfrentamento silencioso? : a polÃtica externa do governo Ernersto Geisel (1974 – 1979) e a Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos
Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de BrasÃlia, Instituto de Relações Internacionais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Relações Internacionais, 2021.Na década de 70, o mundo viu emergir com proeminência a narrativa
em torno da proteção dos direitos humanos. Enquanto isso, o Brasil avançava na direção
contrária: institucionalizava mecanismos de supressão desses direitos e fomentava a repressão
aos opositores ao regime. É mediante a necessidade de se defender perante as acusações
que sofria no sistema interamericano que Ernesto Geisel e seu chanceler, Azeredo da Silveira,
aprimoram as estratégias de enfrentamento aos organismos internacionais. O objetivo desta
dissertação é contrastar a narrativa e a prática diplomática silenciosa quando em risco de
exposição internacional dos casos de violações de direitos humanos no Brasil. Todas as
estratégias de enfrentamento encontradas nos documentos oficiais evidenciam que o Ministério
das Relações Exteriores (MRE) se preocupava com a expansão da visibilidade que a agenda
de direitos humanos poderia vir a adquirir no sistema internacional e, como consequência, com
os impactos negativos na polÃtica doméstica. Como metodologia, este trabalho utiliza-se da
análise primária de arquivos históricos inéditos do MRE, triangulados com a revisão
bibliográfica do perÃodo em questão. Assim, tecerá suas considerações finais ao contrastar o
discurso e a prática diplomática na agenda de direitos humanos da polÃtica externa do
chamado Pragmatismo Ecumênico e Responsável.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior (CAPES).During the 1970s, the world saw the narrative around the protection of
human rights emerge prominently. Meanwhile, Brazil was moving in the opposite direction: it
institutionalized mechanisms for suppressing these rights and fomented the repression of
opponents of the military regime. Based on the need to defend itself against the accusations
suffered in the Inter-American System of Human Rights, former president Ernesto Geisel and
his chancellor, Azeredo da Silveira, improved the strategies for confronting international
organizations. This thesis aims to contrast the narrative and the silent diplomatic practice when
at risk of international exposure of cases of human rights violations in Brazil. All the strategies
found in the official documents show that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MRE) was concerned
with the expansion of visibility that the human rights agenda could acquire in the international
system and, as a consequence, with the negative impacts on domestic politics. As a
methodology, this thesis will use the primary analysis of historical archives of the MRE,
triangulated with the bibliographic review of the period in question. Thus, this work will make its
final considerations by contrasting the discourse and diplomatic practice in the human rights
agenda of the foreign policy of the so-called Ecumenical and Responsible Pragmatism.Durante los años 70, el mundo vio emerger de manera prominente la narrativa en torno a la
protección de los derechos humanos. Sin embargo, mientras tanto, Brasil avanzaba en la
dirección opuesta: institucionalizaba mecanismos de supresión de estos derechos y fomentaba
la represión de los opositores al régimen militar. Es ante la necesidad de defenderse de las
acusaciones que sufrió en el sistema interamericano de derechos humanos que Ernesto Geisel
y su canciller, Azeredo da Silveira, trabajaron en crear y primorear estrategias para enfrentar a
los organismos internacionales. El propósito de este trabajo es contrastar la narrativa y la
práctica diplomática silenciosa ante el riesgo de exposición internacional de casos de
violaciones de derechos humanos en Brasil. Todas las estrategias de afrontamiento encontradas
en los documentos oficiales muestran que el Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores (MRE) se
preocupó por la expansión de la visibilidad que la agenda de derechos humanos pudiera adquirir
en el sistema internacional y, en consecuencia, por los impactos negativos en la polÃtica interna.
Se utiliza como metodologÃa el análisis primario de archivos históricos inéditos del MRE,
triangulados con la revisión bibliográfica del perÃodo en cuestión. AsÃ, este trabajo hará sus
consideraciones finales contrastando el discurso y la práctica diplomática en la agenda de
derechos humanos de la polÃtica exterior del llamado Pragmatismo Ecuménico y Responsable.
Palabras-clave: derechos humanos; polÃtica externa; Comisión Interamericana de Derechos
Humanos (CIDH)