Características sociodemográficas, estilo de vida e qualidade de vida de participantes de um projeto público de atividades físicas em João Pessoa-PB

Introduction: An important portion of the population of João Pessoa-PB is physically inactive. Also, little sociodemographic, lifestyle, and quality of life (QoL) information is available about participants in public physical activity (PA) programs in Brazil, especially in this city. Aim: To describe sociodemographic, lifestyle, and chronic illness characteristics of beginners in the “João Pessoa Vida Saudável” (JPVS) project and their QoL after one year of intervention. Methods: 105 beginners in the JPVS project answered questionnaires related to sociodemographic, lifestyle, and chronic diseases. At the end of a year of intervention, aspects of the QoL of 55 remaining participants were analyzed. Results: Of the beginners, 91% were women, 47% married, and 59% attended high school or higher education. As for the lifestyle, 68% of insufficiency in the practice of PA stands out, but low frequencies of smoking and alcohol consumption. 71% of participants reported concern about physical pain/discomfort, however, 67% reported being satisfied with their health and 75% with their QoL after one year of intervention. Conclusion: The findings alert the population to healthy lifestyle habits and provide directions for health managers and professionals in the development of public programs to promote PA.Introdução: Uma importante parcela da população pessoense é fisicamente inativa. Em adição, poucas informações sociodemográficas, do estilo e da qualidade de vida (QV) estão disponíveis acerca dos participantes de programas públicos de atividade física (AF) no Brasil, especialmente, em João Pessoa-PB. Objetivo: Descrever características sociodemográficas, do estilo de vida e de doenças crônicas de iniciantes no projeto “João Pessoa Vida Saudável” (JPVS) e a QV deles após um ano de intervenção. Métodos: 105 iniciantes no projeto JPVS responderam questionários referentes a aspectos sociodemográficos, de estilo de vida e de doenças crônicas. Ao final de um ano de intervenção, aspectos da QV de 55 participantes remanescentes foram analisados. Resultados: Dos iniciantes, 91% eram mulheres, 47% casados e 59% cursaram o ensino médio ou superior. Quanto ao estilo de vida, destaca-se 68% de insuficiência na prática de AF, mas, baixas frequências de tabagismo e etilismo. 71% dos participantes relatou preocupação com dor/desconforto físico, contudo, 67% referiu estar satisfeito com a saúde e 75% com a QV ao final de um ano de intervenção. Conclusão: Os achados alertam a população sobre hábitos saudáveis de vida e fornecem direções para gestores e profissionais da saúde no desenvolvimento de programas públicos de promoção da AF

Modelos de crescimento resultantes da combinação e variações dos modelos de Chapman-Richards e Silva-Bailey aplicados em Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit.

The main objective of this work was to develop new growth models for forest resources, applied to (leucena) [Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) of Wit], based on the biological hypotheses proposed by Chapman-Richards and Silva-Bailey. The experiment of the leucena was carried out in the Experimental Station of the Agricultural and Liverstock Research Company of Pernambuco - IPA, in the municipal district of Caruaru - PE. Five hundred and forty four trees of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) of Wit were used, with 20 measures along the time. It was compared new growth models resulting from the combination and variation of the Chapman-Richards and Silva-Bailey models, as well other models used in forest resources. For the selection of the final equations, the fit of index, standard error of estimate and the graphic distribution of the residues were used. Results show that new models were as good as Chapman-Richards and Silva-Bailey and other tested. Therefore, any one of them can be applied to estimate  the growth of leucena.O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver novos modelos de crescimento para recursos florestais aplicados à leucena [Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit], tendo como base as hipóteses biológicas propostas por Chapman-Richards e Silva-Bailey. O experimento de leucena foi conduzido na Estação Experimental da Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuária - IPA, Caruaru, PE. Foram utilizadas 544 árvores de leucena de um experimento com vinte remedições realizadas ao longo de 12 anos. Compararam-se novos modelos de crescimento resultantes da combinação e variações dos modelos de Chapman-Richards e Silva-Bailey, bem como outros comumente usados em recursos florestais. Para a seleção das equações, utilizaram-se o Índice de Ajuste (IA), o erro-padrão da estimativa e a distribuição gráfica dos resíduos. Os resultados indicaram que todos os modelos testados se ajustaram de maneira satisfatória aos dados, podendo ser utilizados para se estimar o crescimento em altura da leucena

Curvas de índice de sítio para leucena [Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit] no agreste de Pernambuco.

The main goal of this work was to set and compare site index curves for leucena [Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit] variety Hawaii (cv K8) in Agreste of Pernambuco. The data set came from Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuária (IPA), Experimental Station of Caruaru, in which 544 trees cultivated with and without organic compound were measured 19 times during the period of 1990 – 2003. The models of Schumacher, Chapman-Richards, Silva-Bailey, Mitscherlich, Weibull and Clutter-Jones were tested and compared. To select the best equations, the Index of Fit (IF), standard error of estimate (), identity model test and the graphic of residuals distribution were used and results show that the model of Clutter-Jones provided a better IF for both treatments. The graphic of residual distribution did not show tendency among the models. The model identity test showed no differences among the models tested. As Schumacher’s model has been used frequently in forestry and presented the smallest number of parameters, it deserves special focus in studies of site index.O objetivo deste trabalho foi ajustar e comparar modelos de curvas de índice de sítio para Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit., variedade Hawaii (cv. K8), no Agreste de Pernambuco. Os dados foram obtidos na Estação Experimental da Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuária (IPA), no município de Caruaru - PE, considerando-se 544 árvores, cultivadas com e sem composto orgânico, com 19 mensurações ao longo do tempo (1990-2003). Foram ajustados e comparados os modelos de Schumacher, Chapman-Richards, Silva-Bailey, Mitscherlich, Weibull e Clutter-Jones. Para a seleção das equações, utilizaram-se os índices de ajuste (IA), o erro padrão da estimativa (), a distribuição gráfica dos resíduos e o teste de identidade dos modelos. O modelo de Clutter-Jones apresentou o maior valor de IA nos dois tratamentos. Nos gráficos das distribuições residuais, os modelos não apresentaram tendências. No teste de identidade dos modelos de regressão, verificou-se não haver diferença significativa ao nível de 5 % de probabilidade. Por ser um modelo com o menor número de parâmetros entre os testados e por ser freqüentemente utilizado na Ciência Florestal, o modelo de Schumacher merece especial destaque em trabalhos de índice de sítio

SITE INDEX CURVES FOR LEUCAENA [ Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit] IN AGRESTE OF PERNAMBUCO

O objetivo deste trabalho foi ajustar e comparar modelos de curvas de \uedndice de s\uedtio para Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit., variedade Hawaii (cv. K8), no Agreste de Pernambuco. Os dados foram obtidos na Esta\ue7\ue3o Experimental da Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecu\ue1ria (IPA), no munic\uedpio de Caruaru \u2013 PE, considerando-se 544 \ue1rvores, cultivadas com e sem composto org\ue2nico, com 19 mensura\ue7\uf5es ao longo do tempo (1990-2003). Foram ajustados e comparados os modelos de Schumacher, Chapman-Richards, Silva-Bailey, Mitscherlich, Weibull e Clutter-Jones. Para a sele\ue7\ue3o das equa\ue7\uf5es, utilizaram-se os \uedndices de ajuste (IA), o erro padr\ue3o da estimativa (Syx%), a distribui\ue7\ue3o gr\ue1fica dos res\uedduos e o teste de identidade dos modelos. O modelo de Clutter-Jones apresentou o maior valor de IA nos dois tratamentos. Nos gr\ue1ficos das distribui\ue7\uf5es residuais, os modelos n\ue3o apresentaram tend\ueancias. No teste de identidade dos modelos de regress\ue3o, verificou-se n\ue3o haver diferen\ue7a significativa ao n\uedvel de 5 % de probabilidade. Por ser um modelo com o menor n\ufamero de par\ue2metros entre os testados e por ser freq\ufcentemente utilizado na Ci\ueancia Florestal, o modelo de Schumacher merece especial destaque em trabalhos de \uedndice de s\uedtio.The main goal of this work was to set and compare site index curves for leucena [Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit] variety Hawaii (cv K8) in Agreste of Pernambuco. The data set came from Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecu\ue1ria (IPA), Experimental Station of Caruaru, in which 544 trees cultivated with and without organic compound were measured 19 times during the period of 1990 \u2013 2003. The models of Schumacher, Chapman-Richards, Silva-Bailey, Mitscherlich, Weibull and Clutter-Jones were tested and compared. To select the best equations, the Index of Fit (IF), standard error of estimate (Syx%), identity model test and the graphic of residuals distribution were used and results show that the model of Clutter-Jones provided a better IF for both treatments. The graphic of residual distribution did not show tendency among the models. The model identity test showed no differences among the models tested. As Schumacher\u2019s model has been used frequently in forestry and presented the smallest number of parameters, it deserves special focus in studies of site index

GROWTH RESULTING FROM THE VARIATION AND COMBINATION OF MODELS OF CHAPMAN-RICHARDS AND SILVA-BAILEY APPLIED TO Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) of Wit

O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver novos modelos de crescimento para recursos florestais aplicados \ue0 leucena [Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit], tendo como base as hip\uf3teses biol\uf3gicas propostas por Chapman-Richards e Silva-Bailey. O experimento de leucena foi conduzido na Esta\ue7\ue3o Experimental da Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecu\ue1ria - IPA, Caruaru, PE. Foram utilizadas 544 \ue1rvores de leucena de um experimento com vinte remedi\ue7\uf5es realizadas ao longo de 12 anos. Compararam-se novos modelos de crescimento resultantes da combina\ue7\ue3o e varia\ue7\uf5es dos modelos de Chapman-Richards e Silva-Bailey, bem como outros comumente usados em recursos florestais. Para a sele\ue7\ue3o das equa\ue7\uf5es, utilizaram-se o \ucdndice de Ajuste (IA), o erro-padr\ue3o da estimativa e a distribui\ue7\ue3o gr\ue1fica dos res\uedduos. Os resultados indicaram que todos os modelos testados se ajustaram de maneira satisfat\uf3ria aos dados, podendo ser utilizados para se estimar o crescimento em altura da leucena.The main objective of this work was to develop new growth models for forest resources, applied to (leucena) [Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) of Wit], based on the biological hypotheses proposed by Chapman-Richards and Silva-Bailey. The experiment of the leucena was carried out in the Experimental Station of the Agricultural and Liverstock Research Company of Pernambuco - IPA, in the municipal district of Caruaru - PE. Five hundred and forty four trees of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) of Wit were used, with 20 measures along the time. It was compared new growth models resulting from the combination and variation of the Chapman-Richards and Silva-Bailey models, as well other models used in forest resources. For the selection of the final equations, the fit of index, standard error of estimate and the graphic distribution of the residues were used. Results show that new models were as good as Chapman-Richards and Silva-Bailey and other tested. Therefore, any one of them can be applied to estimate the growth of leucena

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit

Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development

Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI 2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesity. Funding UK Medical Research Council, UK Research and Innovation (Research England), UK Research and Innovation (Innovate UK), and European Union

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI 2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/images/research_banner_face_lab_290.jpgunderweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesity