Ensino de instrumento musical para pessoas com deficiência: um estudo na Escola Especial de Música Juarez Johnson

This work explores the teaching of musical instruments for people with disabilities, their relationships and their teaching processes. The research developed had as general objective to understand how has been characterized the teaching of music in the classes of musical instrument in the Special School of Music Juarez Johnson (EEMJJ). And from this focus, the work has the specific objectives to identify and understand: a) the main proposals and practices of music teaching in the school; b) the practices of instrument teaching; c) the main conceptions of the teachers about the instrument classes. The research was methodologically based around a case study, involving the practices and conceptions of three musical instrument teachers, around their classes developed with seven students of musical instrument of the EEMJJ, in the city of João Pessoa-PB. The selected students have the following disabilities and special needs: two students with Down Syndrome, one with hearing impairment, one with autism, two students with intellectual disability, one student with Sturge-Weber Syndrome. The theoretical basis proposed for this research is based on texts about music teaching and Special Education. Thus, works of the area of Musical Education, Special Musical Education, Pedagogy of the Musical Instrument were used; and texts from some areas that relate to the topic addressed as Special Education, Education, and Sociology, to cover and deepen the discussion. The research covers topics such as: people with disabilities, society and history; musical education and inclusion; diversity in music teaching; musical instrument teaching and inclusive education. The methodological procedures had as instruments of data collection: bibliographic research; indirect observation of the classes (through video, without the presence of the researcher) and video recording; semi-structured interviews and audio recording. The organization and analysis of the data compares the annotations of the observations of the recorded classes and the transcripts of the interviews, listing the highlights of the conceptions and strategies of teaching in relation to the discussions brought in the work. The analyzed data emphasize that within the special musical education there are points to be seen as positive, as well as difficulties. And that it is necessary to discuss in a real way proposals of music teaching for these students, proposals that are coherent with the needs of the students. And that it is worth to re-signify and seek different means of teaching for a meaningful musical education for students with disabilities.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESEste trabalho explana sobre o ensino de instrumento musical para pessoas com deficiência, suas relações e seus processos de ensino. A pesquisa desenvolvida teve como objetivo geral compreender como tem se caracterizado o ensino de música nas aulas de instrumento musical na Escola Especial de Música Juarez Johnson (EEMJJ). E a partir deste enfoque, o trabalho tem como objetivos específicos identificar e compreender: a) as principais propostas e práticas de ensino de música na escola; b) as práticas de ensino de instrumento; c) as principais concepções dos professores sobre as aulas de instrumento. A pesquisa delineou-se metodologicamente em torno de um estudo de caso, envolvendo as práticas e concepções de três professores de instrumento musical, em torno de suas aulas desenvolvidas com sete alunos de instrumento musical da EEMJJ, na cidade de João Pessoa-PB. Os alunos selecionados possuem as seguintes deficiências e necessidades especiais: dois alunos com Síndrome de Down, um com deficiência auditiva, um com autismo, dois alunos com deficiência intelectual, um aluno com Síndrome de Sturge-Weber. A base teórica proposta para esta pesquisa é fundamentada em textos sobre o ensino da música e a Educação Especial. Assim, foram utilizados trabalhos da área de Educação Musical, Educação Musical Especial, Pedagogia do Instrumento Musical; e textos de algumas áreas que se relacionem com o tema abordado como a Educação Especial, Educação, e Sociologia, para abranger e aprofundar a discussão. A pesquisa abarca temas como: pessoas com deficiência, sociedade e história; educação musical e inclusão; diversidade no ensino de música; ensino de instrumento musical e educação inclusiva. Os procedimentos metodológicos tiveram como instrumentos de coletas de dados: pesquisa bibliográfica; observação indireta das aulas (por meio de vídeo, sem a presença da pesquisadora) e gravação em vídeo; entrevistas semiestruturada e gravação em áudio. A organização e análise dos dados confronta as anotações das observações das aulas gravadas e as transcrições das entrevistas elencando os pontos de destaque sobre as concepções e estratégias de ensino em relação as discussões trazidas no trabalho. Os dados analisados ressaltam que dentro do ensino musical especial existem pontos a serem encarados como positivos, assim como de dificuldades. E que é preciso discutir de forma real propostas de ensino de música para estes alunos, propostas estas que estejam coerentes com as necessidades dos alunos. E que vale a pena ressignificar e buscar diferentes meios de ensino para um ensino musical significativo para alunos com deficiência

AVALIAÇÃO DO ÍNDICE DE VENDA DA SIBUTRAMINA NA CIDADE DE CERES-GO

A obesidade é uma doença metabólica que se caracteriza pelo aumento de massa corporal ou por um excesso de tecido adiposo no organismo, que compõe o grupo de doenças não transmissíveis, para o tratamento desta patologia é utilizado o fármaco sibutramina. Portanto, este trabalho se propôs a analisar o consumo de sibutramina na população de Ceres-GO, sendo que esse anorexígeno traz benefícios, contudo os malefícios são pouco divulgados. A coleta de dados foi realizada em drogarias na cidade de Ceres-GO, no período de Junho a Agosto de 2012, a partir do levantamento de quantas especialidades farmacêuticas contendo sibutramina foram vendidas no período de estudo. Por meio da aplicação de uma planilha de controle deixada em cada drogaria de Ceres-GO. No período de estudo foram vendidos em média 2 caixa/mês de sibutramina 10 mg, e 16,3 caixas/mês de 15 mg de sibutramina. Além disso, foram observados os benefícios e os malefícios causados pela sibutramina e seu índice de venda. O consumo deste anorexígeno na cidade de Ceres-GO foi baixo, aproximadamente, 1 ‰. Este baixo consumo de sibutramina foi atribuído a pouca prescrição deste medicamento em Ceres-GO, aliado ao fato que durante os meses pesquisados a ANVISA estipulou a obrigatoriedade da assinatura de um termo de consentimento dos efeitos adversos, aumentando ainda mais a burocracia para a venda deste medicamento. Observou-se também que no futuro a sibutramina poderá ser retirada do mercado brasileiro como o que ocorreu no mercado norte-americano.Palavras-chave: sibutramina, obesidade, anorexígen

Presence of glyphosate can harm the germination of bean seeds treated with biostimulant

It is possible to cultivate common beans for a third harvest in one agricultural year due to varietal characteristics. For calendar adequacy, performing desiccation and planting often occur almost simultaneously. Germination performance of many plant species can improve with biostimulant use on seeds, however the interaction with herbicide residual molecules is unknown. The hypothesis is that seeds treated with a biostimulant in soil with glyphosate residues can eliminate the advantage of the biostimulant or increase the damage caused by the herbicide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different glyphosate reduce doses and the interaction with biostimulant on bean seed germination and vigor. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized 2 x 5 factorial block designing factorial 2 x 5, corresponding to the presence and absence of biostimulant and five different doses of glyphosate reduce rates, with four repetitions. The conducted evaluations were first count germination, germination test, accelerated aging, cold test, root and shoot length, root and shoot dry matter and electrical conductivity. It can be concluded that the biostimulant treatment on bean seeds increased germination, seed vigor and early seedling growth, but glyphosate presence reduced those advantages, increasing electrical conductivity. However, the herbicide presence provided higher germination on the accelerated aging test

Low Density Lipoproteins at 2% Concentration Can Replace Whole Egg Yolk in TES-Tris-Milk Extender for Freezing Buffalo Sperm Cells

Background: Over the years, the most commonly used extenders for semen cryopreservation contain egg yolk as cryoprotectant. However, more recent studies have used the low density lipoproteins, extract of hen egg yolk which is responsible for the cryoprotective effect. Nevertheless, little was known about its required minimum concentration as well as its interaction with other extra cellular cryoprotectants, like skimmed milk. The present study aimed at investigating the effect of replacing whole egg yolk by adding low density lipoproteins at low concentrations, in TES-Tris-skim milk based extender, on the post-thaw quality of buffalo bull sperm.Materials, Methods & Results: Eighteen ejaculates were collected from six buffalo bulls and diluted with TES-Tris-skim milk based extender containing LDL, extracted from hen egg yolks, at the concentrations of 2%, 4%, 8% and 14%, against a control extender containing 20% fresh egg yolk. After semen collection, analyses of subjective motility, vigor, force tourbillon, sperm concentration (Neubauer chamber) and sperm morphology (phase contrast microscopy) were performed. The diluted semen was packaged in 0.25 mL straws, and cooling was performed on computerized machine (TK 4000®), using a cooling rate of -0.25°C/min to 5°C. Semen was kept in balance at 5°C for 4 h. The straws were frozen in an ice chest, kept at 5 cm from the surface of liquid nitrogen for 20 min and then immersed in liquid nitrogen. The samples were kept in cryogenic container until thawing. Post-thaw kinetic parameters during incubation at 37°C (CASA), sperm membrane integrity (SYBR-14/PI), membrane functionality (hypo-osmotic swelling test) and DNA fragmentation (%DFI - SCSA) were evaluated after thawing. Immediately post-thaw, total motility was higher in the control (56.53 ± 9.73) than in the tested extenders; however, after 30 min the difference was no longer detected. All other kinetic parameters presented significantly better results in extenders containing 2%, 4% and 8% LDL, compared with the control. There was no difference between treatments regarding the integrity of membranes or fragmentation of the DNA after freezing/thawing procedures.Discussion: The molecules of low density lipoproteins of egg yolk have the known action of sequestering BSP ( binder of sperm proteins) protein, due to the chemical affinity of their main components, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. The BSP are responsible for removing cholesterol from the plasma membrane of the sperm, preparing it for the sperm capacitation phase. Low density lipoproteins by inhibiting the action of the BSP increase the stability of the plasma membrane during the freeze-thaw process. The milk caseins micelles have a similar ability to bind the BSP, but with lower affinity. The present study has shown that the use of purified low density lipoproteins has an advantage over the use of whole egg yolk, especially with regard to the kinetic parameters of the spermatozoa after thawing. Furthermore, it was observed that low concentrations of low density lipoproteins, such as 2%, in extenders containing skim milk, could preserve the sperm cell during the freeze-thawing process like that higher LDL concentrations and whole egg yolk. Further studies are needed to determine if the cryoprotectant action found in this study was a result of the synergistic action of skim milk with lipoproteins or even at low concentrations like 2% the lipoproteins can provide protection to the buffalo spermatozoa during freezing, as it has been reproduced in other domestic species. In conclusion, our results indicated that the extender TES-Tris-skim milk containing 2% LDL extracted from egg yolk could be used successfully in the cryopreservation of buffalo sperm cells

CUIDADOS DE ENFERMAGEM NA PREVENÇÃO DE LESÃO POR PRESSÃO EM IDOSOS

Objetivo: Analisar nas evidências científicas quais as principais prescrições de enfermagem para a prevenção da Lesão por pressão. Métodos: Trata-se de uma Revisão Integrativa da Literatura, sendo elas divididas em seis etapas interativas e interdependentes, por meio da identificação e triagem de artigos e pesquisas. Foram analisados e selecionados artigos da BDENF, LILACS, MEDLINE, IBECS, BINACIS e LIPECS, como critério de seleção foram usados os seguintes descritores: Lesão por pressão, Enfermagem, Fatores de risco e idoso. Resultados: Foram encontrados 1,252 estudos publicados nos últimos 5 anos, com os critérios de seleção foram escolhidos 18 artigos para compor a pesquisa. A atuação e papel da enfermagem na elaboração de estratégias e planos de cuidados, ademais práticas, condutas e interação na equipe visando uma saúde holística foram pilares fundamentais para prevenção de lesão por pressão. Conclusão: O estudo, portanto, evidenciou a identificação de fatores de risco, a implementação da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem e Processo de enfermagem são imprescindíveis na assistência prestada ao paciente, pois são cuidados com base científica e eficazes em um atendimento de qualidade. Onde a equipe de enfermagem por meio de uma análise crítica, consegue desenvolver um raciocínio clínico e prevenir possíveis casos de lesão por pressão.

Fertilizing Capacity of the Cryopreserved Sperm of Prochilodus brevis

Background: Seminal cryopreservation is a technique that optimizes aquacultural production, as it requires less breeding and enables reproduction outside of the breeding season. This technique also helps to preserve species, thus reducing the pressure on the natural stocks. Several studies have sought to develop freezing protocols that result in semen of a good quality. However, some studies do not evaluate the ability of frozen semen to produce viable larvae. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify the fertilizing capacity of the frozen semen of Prochilodus brevis.Materials, Methods & Results: Semen from twenty adult males of the Brazilian bocachico was collected and evaluated to establish the total motility, curvilinear velocity, straight linear velocity, average path velocity, membrane integrity, pH, and concentration. Six pools were formed, each of which was diluted in a freezing medium containing 5% glucose with 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or 5% glucose with 10% methyl glycol (MG). The samples were loaded into 0.25 mL French straws, frozen in a dry shipper, and stored in a liquid nitrogen canister. The semen was then thawed and evaluated to establish the total motility, curvilinear velocity, straight linear velocity, average path velocity, and membrane integrity. For the fertilization test, four females were used. The oocytes from each female were divided into three batches and fertilized with either fresh or cryopreserved semen. The rates of fertilization, hatching, and larval survival were then measured. Data were expressed as the mean ± standard deviation and analyzed using SAS (2002). The frozen semen with glucose + DMSO was significantly higher (P 0.05) when the fresh semen was compared to the cryopreserved semen with glucose + DMSO (36.25 ± 2.5% and 29.16 ± 5.64% for the fertilization rate, 38.56 ± 11.23% and 29.33 ± 11.75% for the hatching rate, and 11.59 ± 5.16% and 7.63 ± 5.46% for the larval survival rate, respectively).Discussion: This is the first study of the artificial fertilization of Prochilodus brevis using cryopreserved semen. Seminal quality parameters are important for predicting the success of the cryopreservation technique, however, in vivo tests are essential to confirm such success. Thus, obtaining larvae is a major step towards the standardization of a cryopreservation protocol for a particular species. It is known that cryopreservation reduces the seminal quality but is a necessary process for the conservation of male gametes in the long term and, as shown in this study, good results can be obtained. In this study, the best results were obtained with the inclusion of DMSO in the freezing medium. This effect can be attributed to DMSO having a very low molecular weight, which decreases the formation of ice crystals. Considering the results obtained, we concluded that it is feasible to obtain larvae of the Brazilian bocachico using frozen semen in a 5% glucose solution with 10% DMSO

Os benefícios da utilização de vitamina C no perioperatório de cirurgias cardíacas/ The benefits of the use of vitamin C in the perioperatory of cardiac surgeries

Introdução: Estudos sobre a vitamina C indicaram que ela possui eficácia na redução do apoptose de células expostas a anestésicos. O ácido ascórbico administrado ainda no período de indução anestésica mostrou-se eficiente na redução da fibrilação atrial no período pós-operatório. Além disso, aprimora a diferenciação celular de células-tronco em cardiomiócitos, atenuando danos ao miocárdio. Objetivo: Analisar os benefícios associados à suplementação de vitamina C no perioperatório de cirurgias cardíacas e o prognóstico desses pacientes. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática baseada no método PRISMA. Utilizou os descritores "Vitamin C", "Ácido Ascórbico" e "Anestesia", pesquisados por operador booleano AND e OR na base de dados Medline. A partir disso, selecionaram-se 10 estudos originais e randomizados publicados no período de 2010 a 2019, na língua inglesa e portuguesa. Resultados: Evidenciou-se que pacientes submetidos à indução anestésica com a suplementação de Vitamina C obtiveram benefícios após cirurgias cardíacas, como a prevenção de fibrilação atrial. A vitamina C pode cursar com a diminuição da toxicidade dos anestésicos, isso favorece a diferenciação de células-tronco e tem potencial antioxidativo. Discussão: A indução anestésica, através da associação de Vitamina C, tem influenciado positivamente, devido seu potencial antioxidante a nível sistêmico. A suplementação desse ácido, reduz a incidência de fibrilação atrial, promove a diferenciação de células-tronco para cardiomiócitos, além de reduzir os radicais livres durante e após o procedimento cirúrgico. Observa-se também, uma diminuição da necessidade de ventilação mecânica e da utilização de fluidos para infusão pós-cirúrgica com o uso da suplementação de vitamina C. Conclusão: A combinação de vitamina C à indução anestésica em cirurgias cardíacas mostrou que, além de melhor prognóstico no pós-operatório imediato, também está associada à maior sobrevida desses pacientes. Com isso, ressalta-se a relevância em realizar estudos randomizados para ratificar os benefícios de tal associação

Influence of Cooling Time and Diluents on the Freezability of Prochilodus brevis semen

Background: Prochilodus brevis is a rheophilic fish of economic and ecological importance. However, anthropic action has made its population vulnerable. Thus, the development of reproductive biotechnologies, such as seminal conservation, is necessary to subsidize their fish farming. However, seminal collections are often performed in places with few laboratory resources, demanding studies to determine the maximum time for which sperm can be cooled, as well as its process until frozen. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the influence of cooling time and the presence of dilution solutions on cryopreservation of P. brevis semen.Material, Methods & Results: After seminal collection, nine pools were formed and analyzed for seminal pH, concentration, membrane integrity, morphology and spermatic kinetics - motility, curvilinear velocity (VCL), average path velocity (VAP) and straight line velocity (VSL). After the analysis of the pools in natura (control 1), they were processed as follows: 1)- immediate freezing (control 2); 2)- cooling: undiluted, diluted in coconut water powder (ACP-104) or diluted in 5% glucose, followed by cooling at different times (6, 12, 24 or 48 h); 3)- Post-refrigeration freezing: the pools were diluted in their respective diluents and 10% dimethyl sulfoxide. After 15 days, the samples were thawed and analyzed for the aforementioned parameters. For the cooled and post-thawed semen, a completely randomized design with 2 (diluent × cooling time) and 3 (storage form × cooling time and storage form × diluent) factors, respectively, was utilized. ANOVA and Dunnett tests were applied to compare the means. In case of seminal cooling, there was no difference (P > 0.05) in sperm motility between control 1 and the undiluted and diluted treatments in ACP-104 for up to 24 h. After 48 h, only the VCL of the sample diluted in ACP-104 was similar (P > 0.05) to that of control 1. When comparing forms of storage (undiluted, diluted in ACP-104 or diluted in glucose) and cooling times, the undiluted samples and the samples diluted in ACP-104 were better (P < 0.05) for all the kinetics parameters analyzed, than those diluted in glucose after 24 h. After 48 h, the cooled semen diluted in ACP-104 presented greater (P < 0.05) motility than the other treated semen samples. The samples diluted in glucose for 48 h presented lower spermatic velocity (P < 0.05) than those subjected to other treatments. Regardless of the diluent used, the post-thawed semen and the cooled semen diluted for 6 h, presented higher sperm kinetic values (P < 0.05) than those of control 2 and other treated samples. Overall, the samples diluted in ACP-104 showed satisfactory results when cooled for up to 48 h or cooled for up to 6 h and frozen.Discussion: This is the first study that froze semen from P. brevis after cooling. Although glucose is a commonly used diluent during seminal freezing and has good post-thawing stability for this species, it is not recommended for cooling before seminal freezing, as prolonged exposure of spermatozoa to glucose may cause osmotic stress to sperm cells. Conversely, good results with ACP-104 might be because of its rich composition, mainly the presence of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), an auxin with proven potential for seminal conservation of other species. Therefore, for fertilization trials, it is recommended to use ACP-104 as diluent for seminal cooling of P. brevis for up to 48 h or semen that has been frozen after cooling in ACP-104 for a maximum of 6 h

Statistical analysis of offshore production sensors for failure detection applications / Análise estatística dos sensores de produção offshore para aplicações de detecção de falhas

Detecting the early stages of failures is an old concern of petroleum industry. In order to tackle this problem, a novel sensor analysis methodology is proposed. The assessment of production sensors' behavior, individually or in a group, leads to a better understanding of failure modes during oil and gas production. Thus, Principal Components Analysis and Logistic Regression are incorporated as multivariate statistical modeling for studying the impact of different anomalies in production sensors. Therefore, a deep statistical analysis of these sensors can strengthen assumptions for supporting the modeling process of early fault detection systems. Based on a reliable public data set containing data from real wells, the application of the PCA approach combined with a Logistic Regression resulted in better visualization and understanding of some failures that occurred during petroleum production, such as the abrupt increase in BSW (Basic sediment and water), spurious closure of DHSV (Down hole Safety Valve), severe slugging, flow instability, productivity loss, quick restriction in PCK (production choke), scaling in PCK and hydrate formation in production lines. The two statistical approaches were used as a combined method to provide useful information regarding the failure modes in the dataset. Also, the dataset presented two classes that are important for anomaly detection in oil wells: “normal” and “abnormal”, which allow detecting when production is outside its normal condition. Then, using the production sensors analysis with failure data can help to formulate better detection algorithms. By using PCA and Logistic Regression it was possible to identify which set of variables is better for detecting a specific type of problem. The application of these techniques boosts the modeling of early detection systems in oil and gas production. Besides, the assumptions led to conclusions about how to put groups of sensors and abnormalities together and how much time a well stands in a steady normal condition. Other conclusions showed the significance of transient information for fault detection modeling and the need for individual wells analyses. Hence, using PCA for treating and transforming the data brings important contributions for early fault detection modeling, once it allowed insight into how sensors and abnormal events can be related. Consequentially, the present paper has significant novelty contribution: it raises important assumptions that help to build solid knowledge about the anomalies behavior and help researchers to implement a better modeling strategy