Comunidade de invertebrados aquáticos como ferramenta para avaliar o efeito do uso da terra sobre riachos da Amazônia Oriental, Brasil /

Land use is the main threat to biodiversity and natural ecosystems, especially in the tropics, where original vegetation has been replaced by agricultural crops to meet global demand for food. Understanding ecosystem dynamics in landscapes dominated by agriculture is critical to implementation of conservation measures. The aim of the present thesis was to evaluate effects of land use on low-order streams in the eastern Amazon using variations in taxonomic and functional structure of aquatic invertebrate communities. For better understanding, this thesis was divided into three chapters. The first chapter evaluated the existence of a change point in the invertebrate community in relation to vegetation cover loss. Threshold indicator taxa analysis (TITAN) results indicated existence of a change point for the most sensitive taxa at 4.4 and 5.9% of vegetation cover loss. This sharp decline of sensitive taxa in response to a small loss of vegetation in a 30 m wide buffer on each stream bank is a strong indication that the required “Permanent Preservation Area” is insufficient to protect stream invertebrates and possibly other organisms in Amazon rainforest areas. In the second chapter, congruence between the aquatic invertebrate community and three subgroups of the community: (EPT [Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera], Odonata and Trichoptera) and within the community at the genus and family levels were assessed using Procustes analysis. High congruence was recorded between community and EPT (94% and 96%) and between community and Trichoptera (73% and 84%). Odonata presented moderate congruence with community (68%). The two taxonomic resolutions also showed strong correlation (85% and 91%). Due to cost-benefit it is suggested that Trichoptera (abundance) or invertebrates at the family level be used as substitutes for the invertebrate community in assessments and in conservation of streams under the influence of agriculture. The third chapter evaluated effects of land use/ cover and natural habitat metrics on diversity and functional structure of the EPT community in lower order streams of the eastern Amazon. Increase in anthropogenic disturbance reduces EPT richness and functional diversity in Paragominas and Santarém. Community structure has also changed with intensification of anthropic disturbance, especially in Paragominas, where vegetation loss in the riparian zone was higher. These results show that species loss affects aquatic community functionality, and this should reflect on stream functioning. Finally, it was possible identify the effects of land use (agriculture) on the low-order streams in the eastern Amazon using variations in the taxonomic and functional structure of aquatic invertebrates communityO uso da terra é a principal ameaça à biodiversidade e aos ecossistemas naturais, especialmente nos trópicos, onde a vegetação original está sendo substituída por cultivos agrícolas para suprir a demanda mundial por alimentos. Compreender a dinâmica dos ecossistemas em paisagens dominadas pela agricultura é fundamental para a implantação de medidas de conservação. O objetivo desta tese foi avaliar o efeito do uso da terra sobre riachos de baixa ordem na Amazônia Oriental, por meio da análise de variações na estrutura taxonômica e funcional da comunidade de invertebrados aquáticos. Esta tese foi subdividida em três capítulos. No primeiro, foi avaliada a existência de um ponto de mudança na comunidade de invertebrados em relação à perda de cobertura vegetal. Os resultados da análise de limiar de táxons indicadores (TITAN) indicaram a existência de um ponto de mudança para os táxons mais sensíveis entre 4,4 e 5,9% de perda de cobertura vegetal. Essa acentuada perda de táxons sensíveis em resposta a uma pequena perda de cobertura vegetal na faixa de 30 m de largura em cada margem dos riachos é um forte indício de que as atuais dimensões da Área de Preservação Permanente no Brasil é insuficiente para proteger os invertebrados de riachos e, possivelmente, outros organismos em áreas de floresta Amazônica. No segundo capítulo, foi avaliada a congruência entre a comunidade de invertebrados aquáticos e três de seus subgrupos (EPT [Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera e Trichoptera]; Odonata; e Trichoptera), e em dois níveis de resolução taxonômica (gênero e família) da comunidade com uso da análise Procustes. Houve alta congruência entre a comunidade e EPT (94% e 96%) e a comunidade e Trichoptera (73% e 84%). Odonata apresentou uma congruência moderada com a comunidade (68%). As duas resoluções taxonômica também apresentaram forte correlação entre si (85% e 91%). Considerando a relação custo-benefício, sugere-se o uso de Trichoptera (abundância) ou invertebrados em nível de família como substitutos da comunidade de invertebrados em medidas de avaliação e de conservação de riachos sob efeito do uso da terra para atividades agrícolas. No terceiro capítulo, foi abordado o efeito do uso da terra e cobertura do solo e de características naturais do habitat sobre a diversidade e composição funcional da comunidade de EPT nos riachos. A intensificação no distúrbio antrópico levou à redução na riqueza e diversidade funcional de EPT em Paragominas e Santarém. A composição da comunidade também mudou com a intensificação no distúrbio antrópico, especialmente em Paragominas, onde a perda de cobertura vegetal na zona ripária foi maior. Esses resultados mostram que a perda de espécies afeta a funcionalidade das comunidades aquáticas e deve refletir sobre o funcionamento dos riachos. Por fim, conclui-se que foi possível identificar os efeitos do uso da terra (agricultura) sobre riachos de baixa ordem na Amazônia Oriental utilizando as variações na estrutura taxonômica e funcional da comunidade de invertebrados aquáticos

Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction and oxidative stress induced by fructose overload in an experimental model of hypertension and menopause

Background: Metabolic syndrome is characterized by the association of 3 or more risk factors, including: abdominal obesity associated with an excess of abdominal fat, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension. Moreover, the prevalence of hypertension and metabolic dysfunctions sharply increases after the menopause. However, the mechanisms involved in these changes are not well understood. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of fructose overload on cardiovascular autonomic modulation, inflammation and cardiac oxidative stress in an experimental model of hypertension and menopause. Methods: Female SHR rats were divided into (n = 8/group): hypertensive (H), hypertensive ovariectomized (HO) and hypertensive ovariectomized undergoing fructose overload (100 g/L in drinking water) (FHO). Arterial pressure (AP) signals were directly recorded. Cardiac autonomic modulation was evaluated by spectral analysis. Oxidative stress was evaluated in cardiac tissue. Results: AP was higher in the FHO group when compared to the other groups. Fructose overload promoted an increase in body and fat weight, triglyceride concentration and a reduction in insulin sensitivity. IL-10 was reduced in the FHO group when compared to the H group. TNF-α was higher in the FHO when compared to all other groups. Lipoperoxidation was higher and glutathione redox balance was reduced in the FHO group when compared to other groups, an indication of increased oxidative stress. A negative correlation was found between IL-10 and adipose tissue. Conclusion: Fructose overload promoted an impairment in cardiac autonomic modulation associated with inflammation and oxidative stress in hypertensive rats undergoing ovarian hormone deprivation.Fil: Conti, Filipe Fernandes. Universidad Nove de Julho; BrasilFil: Brito, Janaina de Oliveira. Universidad Nove de Julho; BrasilFil: Bernardes, Nathalia. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Dias, Danielle da Silva. Universidad Nove de Julho; BrasilFil: Sanches, Iris Callado. Universidad Nove de Julho; BrasilFil: Malfitano, Christiane. Universidad Nove de Julho; BrasilFil: Llesuy, Susana Francisca. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica; ArgentinaFil: Irigoyen, Maria-Claudia. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: De Angelis, Kátia. Universidad Nove de Julho; Brasi

No auditório com Georges Canguilhem: o que é a Psicologia?

The article presents a debate made by George Canguilhem in the essay What is Psychology? when he indicates the (im) possibility of a unification among psychologies that carry different ideas of man, formation, cognition, development, health, socialization... It addresses a debate about the particularities of Psychology as an autonomous epistemic field. The argument was to find in the author an opportunity for a politics of remembrance, which is already known to be perennial. It brings back this classic work by George Canguilhem, recognizing that the remembrance of a text and the labor it imprints is an act of resistance in a society that subtracts, under the effect of mass education, the chances to risk, to fail, to experiment projects where imagination appears in force. The article exercises unpredictable resonances of the past event in today, marked by openings.El artículo presenta un debate realizado por George Canguilhem en el ensayo ¿Qué es la Psicología? cuando indica la (im) posibilidad de una unificación entre psicologías que portan diferentes ideas de hombre, formación, cognición, desarrollo, salud, socialización... Avanza hacia un debate sobre las particularidades de la Psicología como campo epistémico autónomo. El argumento fue encontrar en el autor una oportunidad para una política del recuerdo, que ya se sabe perenne. Recupera este trabajo clásico de George Canguilhem, reconociendo que el recuerdo de un texto y de la obra que imprime es un acto de resistencia en una sociedad que sustrae, bajo el efecto de la educación de masas, las oportunidades de arriesgar, de fracasar, de experimentar proyectos donde la imaginación aparece con fuerza. El artículo ejerce resonancias imprevisibles del acontecimiento pasado en el hoy, marcado por aperturas.O artigo apresenta um debate feito por Georges Canguilhem no ensaio O que é a Psicologia? quando indica a (im) possibilidade de uma unificação entre psicologias que carregam diferentes ideias de homem, de formação, de cognição, desenvolvimento, saúde, socialização... Dirige-se para um debate sobre as particularidades da Psicologia como um campo epistêmico autônomo. O argumento foi encontrar no autor uma oportunidade para uma política da lembrança, que já se sabe perene. Traz essa clássica obra de Georges Canguilhem reconhecendo que a lembrança de um texto e o labor que imprime é ato de resistência numa sociedade que subtrai, sob o efeito da educação de massa, as chances de arriscar, fracassar, experimentar projetos onde a imaginação comparece em força. O artigo exercita ressonâncias imprevisíveis do evento passado, no hoje, marcado de aberturas

Influence of estimated training status on anti and pro-oxidant activity, nitrite concentration, and blood pressure in middle-aged and older women

The purpose of this study was to compare the association between anti and pro-oxidant activity, nitrite concentration, and blood pressure (BP) in middle-aged and older women with different levels of estimated training status (TS). The sample consisted of 155 females (50-84 years) who were submitted to a physical examination to evaluate estimated TS through the "Functional Fitness Battery Test," BP measurements, and plasma blood samples to evaluate pro-oxidant and antioxidant activity and nitrite concentrations. Participants were separated by age into a middle-aged group (< 65 years) and an older (≥65 years) group and then subdivided in each group according to TS. Blood biochemistry was similar between groups. On the other hand, protein oxidation was lower in participants with higher TS, independent of age. Older females with higher TS presented higher nitrite concentrations, lower lipoperoxidation, and lower values of BP compared with those with lower TS. Lower GPx activity was observed in participants with higher TS compared with middle-aged with lower TS. Thus, our results suggest that good levels of TS may be associated with lower oxidative stress and higher nitrite concentration and may contribute to maintain normal or reduced blood pressure values.Fil: Jacomini, André M.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Dias, Danielle da Silva. Universidade Nove de Julho; BrasilFil: Brito, Janaina de Oliveira. Universidade Nove de Julho; BrasilFil: da Silva, Roberta F.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Monteiro, Henrique L.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Llesuy, Susana Francisca. Universidade Nove de Julho; Brasil. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad Medicina. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular; ArgentinaFil: De Angelis, Kátia. Universidade Nove de Julho; BrasilFil: Amaral, Sandra L.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Zago, Anderson S.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; Brasi

Simvastatin-induced cardiac autonomic control improvement in fructose-fed female rats

OBJECTIVE: Because autonomic dysfunction has been found to lead to cardiometabolic disorders and because studies have reported that simvastatin treatment has neuroprotective effects, the objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of simvastatin treatment on cardiovascular and autonomic changes in fructose-fed female rats. METHODS: Female Wistar rats were divided into three groups: controls (n=8), fructose (n=8), and fructose+ simvastatin (n=8). Fructose overload was induced by supplementing the drinking water with fructose (100 mg/L, 18 wks). Simvastatin treatment (5 mg/kg/day for 2 wks) was performed by gavage. The arterial pressure was recorded using a data acquisition system. Autonomic control was evaluated by pharmacological blockade. RESULTS: Fructose overload induced an increase in the fasting blood glucose and triglyceride levels and insulin resistance. The constant rate of glucose disappearance during the insulin intolerance test was reduced in the fructose group (3.4+ 0.32%/min) relative to that in the control group (4.4+ 0.29%/min). Fructose+simvastatin rats exhibited increased insulin sensitivity (5.4+0.66%/min). The fructose and fructose+simvastatin groups demonstrated an increase in the mean arterial pressure compared with controls rats (fructose: 124+2 mmHg and fructose+simvastatin: 126 + 3 mmHg vs. controls: 112 + 2 mmHg). The sympathetic effect was enhanced in the fructose group (73 + 7 bpm) compared with that in the control (48 + 7 bpm) and fructose+simvastatin groups (31+8 bpm). The vagal effect was increased in fructose+simvastatin animals (84 + 7 bpm) compared with that in control (49 + 9 bpm) and fructose animals (46+5 bpm). CONCLUSION: Simvastatin treatment improved insulin sensitivity and cardiac autonomic control in an experimental model of metabolic syndrome in female rats. These effects were independent of the improvements in the classical plasma lipid profile and of reductions in arterial pressure. These results support the hypothesis that statins reduce the cardiometabolic risk in females with metabolic syndrome

A saúde do trabalhador da educação: a experiência de constituição de Cosates como dispositivo de intervenção numa rede municipal de ensino

O artigo apresenta uma experiência de pesquisa realizada em um município da Grande Vitória/ES no campo da educação pública, intitulada Programa de Formação e Investigação em Saúde e Trabalho. Visa a dar evidência ao modo como a pesquisa se efetivou, vislumbrando processos formativos no campo da educação com o objetivo de implantar Comissões de Saúde do Trabalhador. A proposta das comissões teve como direção metodológica as comunidades ampliadas de pesquisa para o exercício coletivo de análise da atividade docente. A direção metodológica foi a da pesquisa-intervenção e a produção de dados se efetivou a partir das narrativas produzidas nas rodas de conversa e do diário de campo. Apresenta como foram construídos esses instrumentos e ferramentas de análise para incrementar o debate sobre a saúde dos trabalhadores na Educação. Indica, ainda, o modo como a pesquisa, a partir da constituição de um fórum intersetorial buscou a experimentação da implementação de comissões de saúde do trabalhador da educação nas escolas. Os resultados indicam que a estratégia das Comissões por local de trabalho é um potente instrumento para intervir nas condições adversas de trabalho nas escolas.This article presents a research experience made in a municipality of Grande Vitória / ES in the field of public education, entitled Training and Research Program in Health and Work. It aims at hilightimg the way in which educational processes were carried out in the field of education in the state of Espírito Santo, based on an intervention research, with the objective of implanting Workers' Health Committees in the municipality. The proposal of the commissions was directed to the enlarged communities of research for the collective exercise of analysis of the teaching activity. Methodologi cal dire ction and data production took place through chat groups and the field diary. It presents how these instruments were built and their analysis to increase the debate about the health of workers in Education. It also indicates how research, based on the creation of an intersectoral forum sought to experiment with the implementation of health workers' commissions on education in schools. The results show that the Commissions for Workplace strategy is a powerful tool to intervene in adverse working conditions in schools

O Curso de Pedagogia: aspectos do perfil dos alunos da área de aprofundamento em Educação do Campo

When we reach the Pedagogy Course in Rural Education in deepening area in 2011, we thought we'd find people over 30 years with children, peasants, or who have difficulties in school access. However, we are faced with young students without children, and live mostly in the city. This created the desire in us we verify that the profile of the students of the course. I spend one to ask: Who are the students of the School of Education to Rural Education in deepening area? What reasons made them enroll in the Course? That was the problem that moved us to do this work. We follow the logic of exploratory research, as clarified by Gil (1999). We studied the movements of peasants who marked the Paraiba, since the 1950s; the Pedagogy Course with PPP Deepening Area in Rural Education; in addition to the analysis of data collected in the field research, mediated by a questionnaire to students on their profiles and the reasons that brought them to the course. We found that the course on screen in their roles, shows a concern with the issues that justify the Deepening area in the field issues. But contradictorily, students who are part of it do not have identities with the issues of the field and not get involved in peasant movements. A reflection of an urban course, with a little appropriate to the curriculum field. Lack a proper policy for Vocational Education with Deepening Area in Rural Education. What characterizes the course as urban centric.Ao chegarmos ao Curso de Pedagogia com área de aprofundamento em Educação do Campo, em 2011, imaginávamos que iríamos encontrar pessoas com mais de 30 anos, com filhos, camponeses, ou que tiveram dificuldades de acesso escolar. No entanto, deparamo-nos com alunos jovens, sem filhos, e que moram, em sua maioria, na cidade. Isso criou o desejo em nós de verificarmos qual o perfil dos alunos do Curso. Passamo-nos a perguntar: Quem são os alunos do Curso de Pedagogia com área de aprofundamento em Educação do Campo? Quais razões as fizeram se matricular no Curso? Esse foi o problema que nos moveu a fazer este trabalho. Seguimos a lógica da pesquisa exploratória, conforme esclarecido por Gil (1999). Estudamos os movimentos de camponeses que marcaram a Paraíba, desde os anos de 1950; o PPP do Curso de Pedagogia com Área de Aprofundamento em Educação do Campo; além da análise dos dados coletados na pesquisa de campo, mediada por um questionário aplicado aos estudantes sobre seus perfis e as razões que os trouxeram ao Curso. Verificamos que o Curso em tela, em seus papéis, demonstra uma preocupação com as questões que justificam a Área de Aprofundamento em questões do Campo. Porém, contraditoriamente, os alunos que dele fazem parte não apresentam identidades com as questões do campo e nem se envolvem com movimentos camponeses. Um reflexo de um curso urbano, com um currículo pouco apropriado ao Campo. Falta uma política própria para o Curso Pedagogia com Área de Aprofundamento em Educação do Campo. O que caracteriza o Curso como urbanocêntrico

Characterization, physicochemical stability, and evaluation of in vitro digestibility of solid lipid microparticles produced with palm kernel oil and tristearin

Solid lipid particles have been investigated by food researchers due to their ability to enhance the incorporation and bioavailability of lipophilic bioactives in aqueous formulations. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the physicochemical stability and digestibility of lipid microparticles produced with tristearin and palm kernel oil. The motivation for conducting this study was the fact that mixing lipids can prevent the expulsion of the bioactive from the lipid core and enhance the digestibility of lipid structures. The lipid microparticles containing different palm kernel oil contents were stable after 60 days of storage according to the particle size and zeta potential data. Their calorimetric behavior indicated that they were composed of a very heterogeneous lipid matrix. Lipid microparticles were stable under various conditions of ionic strength, sugar concentration, temperature, and pH. Digestibility assays indicated no differences in the release of free fatty acids, which was approximately 30% in all analises. The in vitro digestibility tests showed that the amount of palm kernel in the particles did not affect the percentage of lipolysis, probably due to the high amount of surfactants used and/or the solid state of the microparticles.The authors are grateful to the FAPESP and CNPq for the scholarships granted (J.C.S., FAPESP fellowships 2010/13229-8 and 2012/02316-2, and T. R. B, FAPESP fellowship 2010/15031-0) and to Agropalma S/A for their generous palm kernel oil donation. Author Ana C. Pinheiro gratefully acknowledges the fellowship (SFRH/BD/48120/2008) granted by the Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal)

Hypertension induces additional cardiometabolic impairments and attenuates aerobic exercise training adaptations in fructose-fed ovariectomized rats

We tested whether hypertension favors the development of additional cardiometabolic changes in fructose-fed ovariectomized rats and how it affects aerobic exercise training (ET) effects. All rats received fructose in drinking water (10%) beginning at weaning, were ovariectomized at 10 weeks of age and divided into the normotensive sedentary (NFOS) and trained (NFOT) and hypertensive sedentary (HFOS) and trained (HFOT) groups. ET was performed on a treadmill. Arterial pressure (AP) was directly recorded; heart rate and AP variabilities were analyzed. Lipoperoxidation (LPO) and antioxidant enzyme levels were measured in the left ventricle. In addition to increased AP levels, when compared with the NFOS group, the hypertensive groups had resting tachycardia, a reduction of 29% in the pulse interval variance (VAR-PI), 19% in RMSSD (root mean square of successive differences, a cardiac parasympathetic index) and 53% in the α-index (spontaneous baroreflex), while the systolic AP variance (VAR-SAP) and its low-frequency band (LF-SAP) were sharply increased. ET did not alter AP levels. Even in the presence of hypertension, ET induced resting bradycardia, decreases of 33% in VAR-SAP and 49% in LF-SAP, and an increase of more than 60% in VAR-PI and the α-index. However, some of these parameters were still impaired relative to those of normotensive rats. LPO was reduced and catalase was increased in both trained groups, with no difference between the normotensive and hypertensive groups. Negative correlations were obtained between LPO and RMSSD (r=-0.60, P<0.05) and α-index (r=-0.63, P<0.05). In conclusion, hypertension augmented the dysfunctions in fructose-fed ovariectomized rats and attenuated metabolic aerobic ET benefits. These changes may be related to cardiovascular autonomic and oxidative stress alterations.Fil: De Brito Monzani, Janaina O.. Universidade Federal do Maranhao; BrasilFil: Sanches, Iris Callado. Universidade São Judas Tadeu ; BrasilFil: Bernardes, Nathalia. Universidade Nove de Julho; BrasilFil: Ponciano, Kátia. Universidade São Judas Tadeu ; BrasilFil: Moraes Silva, Ivana C.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Irigoyen, Maria Cláudia. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Llesuy, Susana Francisca. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica. Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad Medicina. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular; ArgentinaFil: De Angelis, Kátia. Universidade Nove de Julho; Brasi

Uma nova espécie de Epiperipatus (Onychophora: Peripatidae) da região nordeste do Brasil

This article aims to describe and illustrate Epiperipatus cratensis sp. nov. from Crato (coordinates 07°16’S,39°26’W), Ceara State, Brazil. Specimens of onychophorans were collected under stones and decomposing tree barks during the rainy season. E. cratensis differs from all of the species of the genus by having: (i) many pairs of legs, even though it is the second smallest species in size to the genus in Brazil; (ii) fewer rings of antennas than the other Brazilian species. Furthermore, E. cratensis is similar to E. tucupi, especially because females have 34 pairs of legs, and differs morphologically only by being shorter in size. In addition, this two species are located in different biomes: E. tucupi is endemic to the Amazon region, while E. cratensis is derived from Chapada do Araripe mountains, within Atlantic Forest biome of the Brejos de Altitude complex of northeastern Brazil. Key words: high land humid forest, Epiperipatus, peripatidae, onychophora.O presente artigo visa descrever e ilustrar Epiperipatus cratensis sp. nov. proveniente de Crato (coordenadas 07°16’S, 39°26’W), Estado do Ceara, Brasil. Para tanto, os espécimes foram coletados sob pedras e cascas de arvores em decomposição durante a estação chuvosa. E. cratensis difere de todas as espécies do gênero por possuir: (i) um grande número de pares de pernas, mesmo sendo a segunda menor espécie em tamanho para o gênero no Brasil; (ii) menos anéis de antenas que as demais espécies brasileiras. Epiperipatus cratensis é semelhante a E. tucupi, principalmente porque as fêmeas apresentam 34 pares de pernas, diferindo morfologicamente apenas por serem de tamanho menor. Além disso, essas duas espécies estão inseridas em biomas distintos: a E. tucupi endêmica da região amazônica, enquanto a E. cratensis encontra-se na Chapada do Araripe, inserida no complexo dos brejos de altitude nordestinos na Mata Atlântica. Palavras-chave: brejos de altitude, E. cratensis, Onychophora, Peripatidae