Garand, Dominique (avec la participation de Philippe Archambault et Laurence Daigneault Desrosiers). 2014. Un Québec polémique. Éthique de la discussion dans les débats publics (Montréal : Hurtubise)

Dans ce nouvel ouvrage, Dominique Garand porte son attention surtout sur « la mise en scène de soi et la relation à l’autre » des protagonistes (11). En abordant « l’éthique de la discussion par le biais de l’ethos » (19), son propos est de vérifier l’hypothèse selon laquelle « ce qui pousse les individus à argumenter n’est pas tant la recherche de la vérité que le désir de se justifier, d’exercer un pouvoir sur l’autre, voire de le dominer » (21). Posant que l’ethos ne se réduit pas au seul ..

Burger, Marcel, Jérôme Jacquin & Raphaël Micheli (éds). 2011. La parole politique en confrontation dans les médias (Bruxelles : de Boeck, coll. Culture & Communication)

Les contributions qui constituent cet ouvrage proviennent de champs divers s’apparentant aux sciences du langage ainsi qu’à celles de la communication. Ces points de vue variés portant tous sur le politique, la confrontation et les médias enrichissent la recherche en la situant au croisement d’une « interdisciplinarité focalisée ». Les auteurs de l’introduction (M. Burger, J. Jacquin, R. Micheli) présentent la substance du questionnement : c’est sur la confrontation inhérente au discours poli..

Korthals Altes, Liesbeth. 2014. Ethos and Narrative Interpretation. The Negotiation of Values in Fiction (Lincoln & London: University of Nebraska Press)

L’ouvrage de Korthals Altes reprend la notion d’ethos empruntée à la rhétorique classique et abondamment traitée aujourd’hui dans les domaines de l’analyse du discours et de l’argumentation (Maingueneau, Amossy, …), pour la situer dans un espace de réflexion dont celles-ci ne se sont guère réclamées jusque-là : l’herméneutique littéraire, qui lui permet d’aborder la question de l’interprétation, et de mieux comprendre comment nous comprenons (ix). Elle importe aussi cette perspective herméneu..

Que devient le pamphlet ? Mots. Les langages du politique, n° 91

Ce numéro de Mots consacré au pamphlet a pour objectif à la fois de prolonger certaines des recherches de l’ouvrage fondateur de Marc Angenot, La parole pamphlétaire (1982) et de s’interroger sur la pérennité historique du pamphlet et sa « survie » éventuelle, dans le cadre des langages du politique. Bien que l’analyse rigoureuse d’Angenot, basée sur plusieurs centaines de pamphlets parus entre 1868 et 1968, ait cherché à identifier les caractéristiques du genre durant un siècle qui fut marqu..

The Transmembrane Domain of CEACAM1-4S Is a Determinant of Anchorage Independent Growth and Tumorigenicity

CEACAM1 is a multifunctional Ig-like cell adhesion molecule expressed by epithelial cells in many organs. CEACAM1-4L and CEACAM1-4S, two isoforms produced by differential splicing, are predominant in rat liver. Previous work has shown that downregulation of both isoforms occurs in rat hepatocellular carcinomas. Here, we have isolated an anchorage dependent clone, designated 253T-NT that does not express detectable levels of CEACAM1. Stable transfection of 253-NT cells with a wild type CEACAM1-4S expression vector induced an anchorage independent growth in vitro and a tumorigenic phenotype in vivo. These phenotypes were used as quantifiable end points to examine the functionality of the CEACAM1-4S transmembrane domain. Examination of the CEACAM1 transmembrane domain showed N-terminal GXXXG dimerization sequences and C-terminal tyrosine residues shown in related studies to stabilize transmembrane domain helix-helix interactions. To examine the effects of transmembrane domain mutations, 253-NT cells were transfected with transmembrane domain mutants carrying glycine to leucine or tyrosine to valine substitutions. Results showed that mutation of transmembrane tyrosine residues greatly enhanced growth in vitro and in vivo. Mutation of transmembrane dimerization motifs, in contrast, significantly reduced anchorage independent growth and tumorigenicity. 253-NT cells expressing CEACAM1-4S with both glycine to leucine and tyrosine to valine mutations displayed the growth-enhanced phenotype of tyrosine mutants. The dramatic effect of transmembrane domain mutations constitutes strong evidence that the transmembrane domain is an important determinant of CEACAM1-4S functionality and most likely by other proteins with transmembrane domains containing dimerization sequences and/or C-terminal tyrosine residues

Systems genetics identifies a role for Cacna2d1 regulation in elevated intraocular pressure and glaucoma susceptibility

Glaucoma is a multi-factorial blinding disease in which genetic factors play an important role. Elevated intraocular pressure is a highly heritable risk factor for primary open angle glaucoma and currently the only target for glaucoma therapy. Our study helps to better understand underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms that regulate intraocular pressure, and identifies a new candidate gene, Cacna2d1, that modulates intraocular pressure and a promising therapeutic, pregabalin, which binds to CACNA2D1 protein and lowers intraocular pressure significantly. Because our study utilizes a genetically diverse population of mice with kno

Rare and low-frequency coding variants alter human adult height

Height is a highly heritable, classic polygenic trait with ~700 common associated variants identified so far through genome - wide association studies . Here , we report 83 height - associated coding variants with lower minor allele frequenc ies ( range of 0.1 - 4.8% ) and effects of up to 2 16 cm /allele ( e.g. in IHH , STC2 , AR and CRISPLD2 ) , >10 times the average effect of common variants . In functional follow - up studies, rare height - increasing alleles of STC2 (+1 - 2 cm/allele) compromise d proteolytic inhibition of PAPP - A and increased cleavage of IGFBP - 4 in vitro , resulting in higher bioavailability of insulin - like growth factors . The se 83 height - associated variants overlap genes mutated in monogenic growth disorders and highlight new biological candidates ( e.g. ADAMTS3, IL11RA, NOX4 ) and pathways ( e.g . proteoglycan/ glycosaminoglycan synthesis ) involved in growth . Our results demonstrate that sufficiently large sample sizes can uncover rare and low - frequency variants of moderate to large effect associated with polygenic human phenotypes , and that these variants implicate relevant genes and pathways

O Serviço de documentação textual e iconografia do Museu Paulista

The essay compares the curatorship's works realized during the decade of 1990 by the actual Department of Textual and Iconographical Documentation of Museu Paulista, responsible for the MP Fund / Permanent File (Fundo MP/Arquivo Permanente), hundreds of collections and textual funds and 50.000 iconography pieces, great part of which are gathered in photographic collections. It shows how the documentation work extrapolates the limits of SVDHICO in order to integrate itself with the group activities of the museum and with other research groups. It also points towards new work methodologies which allow to perform the curatorship in an integrated way with the interdisciplinary research and the culture diffusion.O artigo faz um balanço dos trabalhos de curadoria realizados durante a década de 1990 pelo atual Serviço de Documentação Textual e Iconografia do Museu Paulista, responsável pelo Fundo MP/Arquivo Permanente, centenas de coleções e fundos textuais e 50.000 peças de iconografia, grande parte delas reunidas em coleções fotográficas. Mostra como o trabalho de documentação extrapola os limites do SVDHICO para integrar-se com as atividades de conjunto do Museu e com outros grupos de pesquisa. Aponta também para novas metodologias de trabalho com imagens que permitem realizar a curadoria de forma integrada à pesquisa interdisciplinar e à difusão cultural

Systems genetics identifies a role for Cacna2d1 regulation in elevated intraocular pressure and glaucoma susceptibility

Glaucoma is a multi-factorial blinding disease in which genetic factors play an important role. Elevated intraocular pressure is a highly heritable risk factor for primary open angle glaucoma and currently the only target for glaucoma therapy. Our study helps to better understand underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms that regulate intraocular pressure, and identifies a new candidate gene, Cacna2d1, that modulates intraocular pressure and a promising therapeutic, pregabalin, which binds to CACNA2D1 protein and lowers intraocular pressure significantly. Because our study utilizes a genetically diverse population of mice with known sequence variants, we are able to determine that the intraocular pressure-lowering effect of pregabalin is dependent on the Cacna2d1 haplotype. Using human genome-wide association study (GWAS) data, evidence for association of a CACNA2D1 single-nucleotide polymorphism and primary open angle glaucoma is found. Importantly, these results demonstrate that our systems genetics approach represents an efficient method to identify genetic variation that can guide the selection of therapeutic targets

L’émergence de la polémique autour de la formule « immigration choisie » dans la presse française (janvier-juillet 2005)

Tandis qu’il grimpe dans l’échelle du pouvoir de l’UMP, Nicolas Sarkozy se trouve confronté au problème d’une immigration incontrôlée en France – et tente d’y apporter des solutions. En janvier 2005, il décide de lancer un grand débat sur le sujet, en utilisant un syntagme lexical : « immigration choisie », qui retient immédiatement l’attention des médias, de ses confrères de l’UMP, des autres partis politiques, et qui conquiert l’espace public. Je montre que ces deux mots constituent effectivement une « formule », d’après les caractéristiques relevées par Alice Krieg-Planque (2003, 2009). J’expose également certaines des polémiques qui ont entouré sa naissance puis sa circulation, dans le champ politique relayé par les médias, ainsi que différentes interprétations qui ont pu lui être attribuées. Cet article analyse deux polémiques distinctes dans la première moitié de 2005 : celle qui oppose Sarkozy à de Villepin, et celle qui confronte l’UMP à d’autres partis politiques de France. Ce faisant, je montre les enjeux de la formule qui excédent le problème auquel elle semble offrir une possibilité de solution.This article explores the emergence in the French public sphere of the phrase or “formula” (cf. Krieg-Planque 2003, 2009) “chosen immigration”, and its spreading right after Nicolas Sakrozy coined it in January 2005. The paper examines the polemical exchanges that this formula gave rise to at the time, and dwells in particular on the ones that took place between Sarkozy and Villepin, as well as between the French political party UMP and other political parties in France. Thus, the analysis reveals that what is at stake in this political controversy is more a matter of field positioning (Bourdieu) than an actual basic debate centered on a controversial issue