Effective Use of Limited Game Space

Zařízení pro virtuální realitu (VR), která jsou již dnes dostupná běžným spotřebitelům, umožňují pohyb uživatele po virtuální scéně na základě sledování jeho fyzického pohybu ve skutečném světě. S použitím takové metody jako hlavního či jediného způsobu pohybu hráče ve VR se však pojí určitá úskalí, a naprostá většina VR aplikací je proto stále založena na jiných metodách, které ale dostupný prostor ani uvedené vlastnosti zařízení příliš nevyužívají. Hlavním účelem této práce je navrhnout a předvést možný způsob implementace vedoucí k využití dostupného fyzického prostoru, a pokusit se následně vyhodnotit, zda aplikace přímo založená na popsaném způsobu pohybu může uživatele lépe zaujmout a nabídnout jim lepší zážitek, a zda tedy má význam takovou aplikaci vyvíjet i přes existenci zmíněných nástrah.Current generation of consumer electronics products for virtual reality (VR) allows to track user motion in physical play area which can be converted into a corresponding change of their position in a virtual environment. There are, however, some potential pitfalls with using this approach as the main method of user motion in the virtual space. Therefore, vast majority of contemporary applications is based on different methods that do not take advantage of the available play area and the possibilities of the input devices in their entirity. The main goal of this thesis is to propose and demonstrate a feasible way of implementation allowing the use of available physical space and to try to evaluate whether basing the user motion in an application on the described approach can result in an increase of user interest, attract more users and offer them better experience, and whether it therefore can be profitable in spite of all the related disadvantages.

Projected User Interface - Card Game

Ve snaze o zvýšení intuitivnosti používání počítače jsou zkoumány možnosti nahrazení nutnosti práce se vstupními zařízeními uplatněním gest k jeho ovládání a stále častěji se objevují pokusy o realizaci tohoto přístupu. Současně se vyskytuje tendence začleňovat výstup programu do fyzického světa kolem uživatele a celkově tak minimalizovat všechny umělé prostředky interakce. Cílem této práce je implementovat karetní hru s využitím zmíněných principů. Zabývá se zejména problematikou snímání pohybů člověka, detekce rukou a rozpoznávání jejich gest. Výsledná aplikace používá hloubková data z druhé generace senzoru Kinect, analytický popis gest a dovoluje hru až čtyř hráčů. Její grafický výstup je promítán na stůl za účelem zvýšení podobnosti s reálným prostředím.Current effort to make human-computer interaction more intuitive leads to utilization of gestures replacing the need to use a conventional input device. At the same time there is a tendency to integrate the output into the physical world around the user and therefore to minimize any artificial means of interaction in general. The aim of this thesis is to implement a card game that can be controlled on the basis of the principles described above. Fundamental issues are human motion tracking, hand detection and gesture recognition. The application uses depth data from the second generation of Kinect sensor, analytical description of gestures and allows up to four players to play the game. Its graphics are projected on the table to maximize compliance with the real situation.

DETERMINATION OF SENSITIVE SITES IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS DURING LONGTERM PLANT DEHYDRATION

Cieľom práce bolo počas narastajúceho vodného deficitu rastlín meraniami čistej asimilácie CO2, uvoľňovania O2, aktivity Rubisco, obsahu 13C, aktuálnej fotochemickej efektívnosti PSII, vodivosti prieduchov, osmotického a vodného potenciálu, relatívneho obsahu vody v listoch. determinovať zraniteľnosť jednotlivých článkov komplexného procesu akou fotosyntéza je. Merania umožnili charakterizovať stomatické a nestomatické efekty dehydratácie, ako aj rezistenciu mechanizmu fotosyntézy na postupne narastajúce sucho. Citlivosť prieduchov, osmoprotekcia a izotopická diskriminácia 13C sa zdajú byť najpozoruhodnejšie parametre, ktoré pri aklimatácii na sucho učinkujú dynamicky. Ich využiteľnosť vidíme pri tvorbe genotypov lepšie hospodáriacich s vodou a uhlíkom, ako aj pri kvantifikácii prahu škodlivosti prostredia na fotosyntézu.The aim of this work was to measure the net CO2 assimilation, O2 evolution, Rubisco activity, 13C content, actual photochemical PSII efficiency, stomatal conductance, water and osmotic potentials as well as relative water content during increasing plant dehydration. The measurements allowed to determine vulnerability of individual segments of complex process of photosynthesis and characterise the stomatal and non-stomatal responses to dehydration and resistance of mechanisms of photosynthesis to gradual water stress. The sensitiveness of stomata, osmoprotection and isotopic 13C discrimination seem to be the most interesting parameters which act dynamically in plant acclimation to drought. They may be successfully used in screening new genotypes with efficient water and carbon use and in quantification of threshold of deleterious environmental effect to photosynthesis

FUNCTION OF HYDRAULIC AND CHEMICAL WATER STRESS SIGNALIZATION IN EVALUATION OF DROUGHT RESISTANCE OF JUVENILE PLANTS

V laboratórnych hydroponických experimentoch s genotypmi jarného jačmeňa boli testované mladé rastliny s 5 pravými listami na fyziologické reakcie na osmotický stres vyvolaný blokovaním príjmu vody v koreňoch polyetylénglykolom (PEG-6000) a na exogénnu kyselinu abscisovú (ABA) aplikovanú do živného roztoku, ktorá inhibuje otvorenosť prieduchov. Výsledky z meraní difúznej rezistencie listov, relatívneho obsahu vody, rýchlosti transpirácie a predlžovania listov potvrdzujú dominantnú úlohu chemickej signalizácie sucha a prieduchov v regulácii straty vody ako aj citlivosti predlžovacieho rastu na zníženú prístupnosť vody. Udržanie vody v pletivách a turgoru je výsledkom morfologických a fyziologických mechanizmov rezistencie a tolerancie k suchu odlišných od mechanizmov realizovaných u dospelých rastlín, ktoré môžu byť efektívne využité v skríningu genotypov s rôznym stupňom tolerancie k suchu.In laboratory hydroponic experiments with spring barley genotypes the juvenile plants with 5 leaves were tested for their physiological responses to osmotic stress evoked by blocking the water uptake in roots by polyethylenglycol (PEG-6000) and to exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) applied in the nutrient solution which inhibits the stomata opening. Results from the measurements of leaf diffusion resistance, relative water content, transpiration and leaf elongation rates show dominant role of chemical signalization drought from root environment and of stomata in the regulation of water loss as well as sensitiveness of leaf elongation to lowered water availability. Maintenance of water content and turgor in the leaf tissues resulted from expression of morphological and physiological mechanisms of resistance and tolerance to drought different from that in mature plants which might be useful in the screening genotypes with different level of drought tolerance

Nedeštrukčná detekcia a biochemická kvantifikácia listov pohánky s využitím hyperspektrálneho zobrazovania s reflektanciou vo viditeľnej (VIS) a blízkej infračervenej (NIR) oblasti

The present experimental study has been investigated way of use methodology of nondestructive detection with hyperspectral reflectance imaging together with wet chemistry quantitative analysis based on correlation analysis of receiving data. Higher correlation from reflectance of hyperspectral imaging analysis and total polyphenol and anthocyanin content has been observed for carotenoid reflectance index-2 compared to the carotenoid reflectance index-1. It was found that high total polyphenols content is related with high values of hyperspectral indices which characterize chlorophyll concentration and parameters of vegetation. In experimental buckwheat cultivars presence of vanillic, methoxycinnamic, cinnamic acids can be expressing by anthocyanin reflectance index, modified anthocyanin reflectance index and carotenoid reflectance index-2 because high correlation coefficient. Changes of chlorogenic acid during the vegetative period of plant growth can be studied with normalized difference vegetation index and normalized difference vegetation index-2 which found to have a positive correlation with this phenolic acid content.Predkladaná experimentálna práca skúmala možnosti uplatnenia metodológie nedeštrukčnej detekcie s hyperspektrálnym reflektančným zobrazovaním spolu s kvantitatívnou chemickou analýzou na základe korelačnej analýzy získaných údajov. V porovnaní s karotenoidovým reflektančným indexom-1 bola vyššia korelácia s obsahom celkových polyfenolov a celkových antokyánov pozorovaná s reflektanciou karotenoidového reflektančného indexu-2 z analýzy hyperspektrálneho zobrazovania. Vysoký obsah celkových polyfenolov súvisel s vysokými hodnotami hyperspektrálnych indexov charakterizujúcich koncentráciu chlorofylu a parametre vegetácie. V experimentálnych kultivaroch pohánky môže byť prítomnosť kyseliny vanilovej, metoxyškoricovej a škoricovej, vzhľadom k vysokému korelačnému koeficientu, vyjadrená pomocou antokyánového reflektančného indexu, modifikovaného antokyánového reflektančného indexu a karotenoidového reflektančného indexu-2. Zmeny obsahu kyseliny chlorogénovej počas vegetačného obdobia pohánky môžu byť sledované prostredníctvom normalizovaného diferenčného vegetačného indexu a diferenčného vegetačného indexu-2, ktoré preukázali pozitívnu koreláciu s obsahom fenolových kyselín

Application of impedance spectroscopy and conductometry for assessment of varietal differences in wheat

The potentials of an electrochemical and a physical technique for detection of physiological differences in three wheat cultivars under optimal growth conditions were outlined in the study. Electrolyte leakage kinetics was established by continuous measurements of conductivity of solutions in which leaf pieces were incubated for 24 hours. Impedance spectra were obtained from intact leaves at frequency range from 7 to 2010 Hz and 250 mV measuring voltage applied between two gold plated silicon substrates serving as electrodes. The obtained spectra were approximated by a model employing two ARC elements connected in series. Parameters of the previously described diffusion model based on time course conductivity measurements were inversely correlated with electrical impedance spectroscopy data, thus the genotype with highest ion leakage (cultivar Prelom) exhibited lowest impedance magnitude. It was concluded that the two methods were able not merely to distinguish the three studied cultivars but also to rank them in the same order based on their electrical properties

Frequently asked questions about chlorophyll fluorescence, the sequel

[EN] Using chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence many aspects of the photosynthetic apparatus can be studied, both in vitro and, noninvasively, in vivo. Complementary techniques can help to interpret changes in the Chl a fluorescence kinetics. Kalaji et al. (Photosynth Res 122: 121-158, 2014a) addressed several questions about instruments, methods and applications based on Chl a fluorescence. Here, additionalChl a fluorescence-related topics are discussed again in a question and answer format. 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Increased photosynthesis from a deep-shade to high-light regime occurs by enhanced CO2 diffusion into the leaf of Selaginella martensii

The current understanding of photosynthesis across land plant phylogeny strongly indicates that ancient vascular plants are mainly limited by strong constitutive CO2 diffusional constraints, particularly low stomatal and mesophyll conductance. Considering that the lycophyte Selaginella martensii can demonstrate long-term light acclimation, this study addresses the regulation extent of CO2 assimilation in this species cultivated under contrasting light regimes of deep shade, medium shade and high light. Comparative analyses of photosynthetic traits, CO2 conductance and leaf morpho-anatomy revealed acclimation plasticity similar to that of seed plants, though occurring in the context of an inherently low photosynthetic capacity typical of lycophytes. Specific modulations of the stomatal density and aperture, chloroplast surface exposed to mesophyll airspaces and cell wall thickness sustained a marked improvement in CO2 diffusion from deep shade to high light. However, the maximum carboxylation rate was comparatively less effectively upregulated, leading to a greater incidence of biochemical limitations of photosynthesis. Because of a low carboxylation capacity under any light regime, a lycophyte prevents potential photodamage to the chloroplast by not only exploiting the thermal dissipation of excess absorbed energy but also diverting a large fraction of photosynthetic electrons to sinks alternative to carboxylation

Diversity of Leaf Cuticular Transpiration and Growth Traits in Field-Grown Wheat and Aegilops Genetic Resources

Plants are subjected to unregulated water loss from their surface by cuticular transpiration. Therefore, specific morphophysiological changes may occur during leaf development to eliminate water loss. This study aimed to examine the cuticular transpiration of 23 winter wheat genotypes and their wild-growing predecessors of the genus Aegilops, which were divided into three groups to demonstrate their diversity. The genotypes were sown in autumn and grown in regular field trials at the Research Institute of Plant Production in Piešťany, Slovakia. Cuticular transpiration and growth parameters were analyzed in the postanthesis growth stage. Gravimetric measurement of residual water loss was performed on detached leaves with a precisely measured leaf area. The lowest nonproductive transpiration values were observed in modern wheat genotypes, while higher cuticular transpiration was observed in a group of landraces. Aegilops species generally showed the highest cuticular transpiration with increased water loss, but the total water loss per plot was low due to the low leaf area of the wild wheat relatives. Some of the growth parameters showed a good correlation with cuticular transpiration (e.g., dry mass per plant), but direct relationships between leaf traits and cuticular transpiration were not observed. This study identified a high diversity in cuticular resistance to water loss in wheat and Aegilops accessions of different origins. The potential of identifying and exploiting genetic resources with favorable cuticular transpiration in crop breeding is discussed