Development of a hydrocarbon-type of polymer which possesses the characteristics required for use as a binder for uncoated SPO First quarterly report, May 10 - Aug. 10, 1966

Synthesis of carboxyl terminated butadiene/ isoprene copolymer polymerized by anionic techniques and hydrogenated to minimum residual unsaturization for use as propellant binde

Earthquake Relocation and Focal Mechanism Analysis in the Area of Rupture Following the Mw = 7.6 September 5 2012 Nicoya Earthquake Costa Rica

As part of a Keck Geology Consortium project on the Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica, a dense broadband seismic array was installed directly above the rupture zone of the long-anticipated Nicoya September 5th, 2012, Mw= 7.6 earthquake. 5 Nanometrics Trillium compact seismometers and Taurus digitizers were installed, defining a ~200km triangular area with one triangular side oriented parallel to the trench and the apex located ~15km inland from the coast. This seismic network was operating from July 2nd to July 18th, and with this data combined with the permanent stations of the Nicoya broadband network, 254 events were initially located. Comparison of velocity models and Vp/Vs ratios was performed to reduce the amount error between the calculated travel times versus the expected travel times of each event. On June 23rd, a Mw= 5.7 aftershock was recorded in the area of rupture of the September 5th event, the largest event to hit the Peninsula during data collection. The aftershocks of this Mw= 5.7 event on June 23 and June 24 were located at depths of 20.9 ± 5.7 km, along the plate interface beneath the Nicoya Peninsula. This event ruptured an area of the plate interface that did not fully rupture during the September 5th event. Analysis of focal mechanisms for individual interplate events indicates dominant thrust faulting motion, consistent with underthrusting along the seismogenic zone, and combined focal mechanisms provide accurate evidence of normal fault motion. The normal faulting earthquakes most likely formed from extension at the outer rise, which were then subducted and reactivated by dehydration reactions beneath the Nicoya Peninsula. This study, combined with previous and future seismic studies, has allowed for a better understanding of where seismogenic zone earthquakes occur beneath the Nicoya Peninsula following a large magnitude event, exemplifying the benefit of dense local seismic networks to monitor for smaller magnitude seismicity that otherwise would have gone unnoticed

Controllable Home Coffee Roaster from a Modified Popcorn Popper

The goal of this project is to modify a home popcorn popper with computer aided logging of the roasting profile, supported by solid state switching of the heating coil and fan to control the temperature inside of the roasting chamber, and finally, automatic control of the roasting chamber temperature through a PID algorithm. With this control over the roast of the coffee bean, an experienced roaster user is able to identify the stages of the roast where control over the temperature inside the chamber is most critical. As compared to roasting green beans in an unmodified home popcorn popper, this project gives a coffee drinking connoisseur a hands-on appreciation for the development of the flavor profile that is unique to each brewed cup

Gefängnis - neues Arbeitsfeld der Ergotherapie in der Schweiz? : wie Ergotherapie dazu beitragen kann die Rückfallquote nach einem Gefängnisaufenthalt zu senken

Laut Bundesamt für Statistik lag im Jahr 2011 die Wiederverurteilung von Erwachsenen nach einer Entlassung bei 43,8 %. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, erste wissenschaftliche Argumentationen für die ergotherapeutische Arbeit mit Personen während und nach einem Gefängnisaufenthalt darzustellen. Mit Hilfe der Enablement Skills des Canadian Model of Client-Centred Enablement (CMCE) sollen ergotherapeutische Interventionsansätze, die eine erfolgreiche Resozialisierung unterstützen, aufgezeigt werden. Mittels einer systematischen Literaturrecherche wurden 5 Studien inkludiert, welche Interventionsansätze für die Arbeit mit Menschen während und nach einem Gefängnisaufenthalt aufzeigen. Die Studien wurden anhand des Arbeitsinstruments für ein Critical Appraisal eines Forschungsartikels (AICA) zusammengefasst und kritisch gewürdigt. Die inkludierten Studien wurden von den Verfasserinnen der vorliegenden Arbeit unabhängig voneinander den Enablement Skills des CMCE zugeordnet. Die Betätigungsmöglichkeiten von Menschen im Gefängnis sind eingeschränkt. Es werden wirkungsvolle Interventionen und Programme zur Senkung der Rückfallquote aufgezeigt und veranschaulicht, wo und wie Professionsangehörige der Ergotherapie ihre Kompetenzen einsetzen können. Ergotherapeutinnen und Ergotherapeuten können einen wichtigen Beitrag für die Klienten und Klientinnen und die Gesellschaft leisten, indem sie Personen während und nach einem Gefängnisaufenthalt bei der erfolgreichen Wiedereingliederung unterstützen

Mid-life alcohol consumption and survival to age 90 in men: The Tromsø Study 1979–1980 with follow-up to 2019

Aims: The Tromsø Study 1979–1980 collected information on alcohol (beer, wine and spirits) consumption frequency and inebriation frequency, and the oldest male participants (aged 50–54 years) were followed for all-cause mortality. This study aimed to identify the impact of habitual alcohol consumption in mid-life on reaching up to 90 years of age. Results: Among the study sample of 778, a total of 120 (15.4%) men reached the age of 90. The most common reported alcohol consumption frequency was ‘never or a few times a year’, and 18.9% of those in this group reached 90 compared with 11.9% of those who reported a more frequent beer consumption. Fifty per cent survival in these groups was 80.5 and 76.9 years, respectively. The pattern was similar for spirits consumption and for inebriation but not for wine consumption. Number of deaths increased gradually with increasing beer and spirits consumption frequency and with inebriation frequency. We observed no J-shape or pattern that revealed a beneficial influence of light alcohol consumption. Daily smoking, physical inactivity, marital status, blood pressure and total cholesterol reduced the contribution of alcohol consumption to a small degree. Conclusions: This study shows that all beer and spirits consumption frequencies in mid-life affect later life and total lifespan. Refraining from alcohol consumption or drinking only a few times a year increases one’s chances of living longer, and the chance of reaching 90 years of age is 1.6-fold higher than in those with more frequent alcohol consumption

Measurement of polymeric time scales from linear drop oscillations

[EN] The oscillating drop method allows material properties of liquids to be measured from damped drop oscillations. The literature discusses, e.g., the measurement of the liquid dynamic viscosity and the surface tension against the ambient medium, predominantly for Newtonian liquids. We use this method for measuring pairs of material properties of polymeric liquids. Pairs of properties may be measured, since the quantity measured is a complex frequency with a real and an imaginary part. For the measurements, individual drops are levitated in air by an ultrasonic levitator and imaged with a high-speed camera. Amplitude modulation of the ultrasound drives shape oscillations of the levitated drop. When the modulation is switched off, with the levitating force maintained, the drop performs free oscillations which are damped due to the liquid viscosity. The data acquired from the images recorded are the angular frequency and the damping rate which are used as an input into the characteristic equation of the oscillating drop. Our measurements intend to yield either two viscoelastic time scales with the zero-shear viscosity known, or one time scale and the zero-shear viscosity, with the other time scale known. The two time scales are the stress relaxation and the deformation retardation times. The latter is difficult to get for polymer solutions. The present contribution presents results from a large set of measurements of the deformation retardation time. Liquids studied are aqueous solutions of poly(acryl-amides) at varying concentration. The corresponding values of the zero-shear viscosity agree well with the values from shear rheometry. Values of the deformation retardation time differ substantially from the values commonly used in viscoelastic flow simulations. Furthermore, the measured values disagree with the predictions from the viscous-elastic stress splitting approach in linear viscoelasticity. With our study we will provide a consistent set of material properties for the Oldroyd-B model in linear viscoelasticity. This will be important for material modelling in viscoelastic spray simulations.Plohl, G.; Brenn, G. (2017). Measurement of polymeric time scales from linear drop oscillations. En Ilass Europe. 28th european conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 968-975. https://doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4686OCS96897

Universality of stretching separation

We develop a parameter-free model for the fragmentation of drops colliding off-center. The prediction is excellent over a wide range of liquid properties. The so-called stretching separation is attributed to the extension of the merged drop above a critical aspect ratio of {3.25}. The evolution of this aspect ratio {is influenced by the liquid viscosity} and can be interpreted via an energy balance. This approach is then adapted to drop-jet collisions, which we model as consecutive drop-drop collisions. {The fragmentation criterion is similar the one observed at drop-drop collisions}, while the evolution of the stretched jet aspect ratio is modified to account for the different flow fields and geometry.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures and supplementary materia

Effects of viscosity on liquid structures produced by in-air microfluidics

This paper experimentally investigates the effect of viscosity on the outcomes of collisions between a regular stream of droplets and a continuous liquid jet. A broad variation of liquid viscosity of both the drop and the jet liquid is considered, keeping other material properties unchanged. To do so, only two liquid types were used: aqueous glycerol solutions for the drop and different types of silicone oil for the jet liquid. Combining these liquids, the viscosity ratio {\lambda} = {\mu}drop/{\mu}jet was varied between 0.25 and 3.50. The collision outcomes were classified in the form of regime maps leading to four main regimes: drops in jet, fragmented drops in jet, encapsulated drops, and mixed fragmentation.We demonstrate that, depending on the drop and jet viscosity, not all four regimes can be observed in the domain probed by our experiments. The experiments reveal that the jet viscosity mainly affects the transition between drops in jet and encapsulated drops, which is shifted towards higher drop spacing for more viscous jets. The drop viscosity leaves the previous transition unchanged but modifies the threshold of the drop fragmentation within the continuous jet. We develop a model that quantifies how the drop viscosity affects its extension, which is at first order fixing its shape during recoil and is, therefore, determining its stability against pinch-off.Comment: 18 pages, 7 figure