El Diablo en el origen mítico de las pasiones (Primera parte: de Homero a Descartes)

En este artículo se hace un recorrido desde los griegos hasta Descartes para mostrar de qué modo la problemática occidental de las pasiones ha estado circunscrita en el mito y llega a depender directamente de la figura del Diablo

High-Throughput System for the Early Quantification of Major Architectural Traits in Olive Breeding Trials Using UAV Images and OBIA Techniques

The need for the olive farm modernization have encouraged the research of more efficient crop management strategies through cross-breeding programs to release new olive cultivars more suitable for mechanization and use in intensive orchards, with high quality production and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The advancement of breeding programs are hampered by the lack of efficient phenotyping methods to quickly and accurately acquire crop traits such as morphological attributes (tree vigor and vegetative growth habits), which are key to identify desirable genotypes as early as possible. In this context, an UAV-based high-throughput system for olive breeding program applications was developed to extract tree traits in large-scale phenotyping studies under field conditions. The system consisted of UAV-flight configurations, in terms of flight altitude and image overlaps, and a novel, automatic, and accurate object-based image analysis (OBIA) algorithm based on point clouds, which was evaluated in two experimental trials in the framework of a table olive breeding program, with the aim to determine the earliest date for suitable quantifying of tree architectural traits. Two training systems (intensive and hedgerow) were evaluated at two very early stages of tree growth: 15 and 27 months after planting. Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) were automatically and accurately generated by the algorithm as well as every olive tree identified, independently of the training system and tree age. The architectural traits, specially tree height and crown area, were estimated with high accuracy in the second flight campaign, i.e. 27 months after planting. Differences in the quality of 3D crown reconstruction were found for the growth patterns derived from each training system. These key phenotyping traits could be used in several olive breeding programs, as well as to address some agronomical goals. In addition, this system is cost and time optimized, so that requested architectural traits could be provided in the same day as UAV flights. This high-throughput system may solve the actual bottleneck of plant phenotyping of "linking genotype and phenotype," considered a major challenge for crop research in the 21st century, and bring forward the crucial time of decision making for breeders

Estudios actuales de literatura comparada. Teorías de la literatura y diálogos interdisciplinarios

Estos dos volúmenes constituyen una contribución al desarrollo de la comparatística que se realiza, principalmente, desde América Latina. El primer volumen está organizado en tres partes y consta de 22 artículos, mientras que el segundo reúne 24 capítulos.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Artes y Letras::Facultad de Letras::Escuela de Filología, Lingüística y LiteraturaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Básicas::Sistema de Educación General::Escuela de Estudios GeneralesUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Sistema de Estudios de Posgrado::Artes y Letras::Maestría Académica en Literatura FrancesaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Sistema de Estudios de Posgrado::Artes y Letras::Maestría Académica en Literatura LatinoamericanaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Artes y Letras::Facultad de Letras::Escuela de Lenguas Moderna

Impact of common cardio-metabolic risk factors on fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular disease in Latin America and the Caribbean: an individual-level pooled analysis of 31 cohort studies

Background: Estimates of the burden of cardio-metabolic risk factors in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) rely on relative risks (RRs) from non-LAC countries. Whether these RRs apply to LAC remains un- known. Methods: We pooled LAC cohorts. We estimated RRs per unit of exposure to body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC) and non-HDL cholesterol on fatal (31 cohorts, n = 168,287) and non-fatal (13 cohorts, n = 27,554) cardiovascular diseases, adjusting for regression dilution bias. We used these RRs and national data on mean risk factor levels to estimate the number of cardiovascular deaths attributable to non-optimal levels of each risk factor. Results: Our RRs for SBP, FPG and TC were like those observed in cohorts conducted in high-income countries; however, for BMI, our RRs were consistently smaller in people below 75 years of age. Across risk factors, we observed smaller RRs among older ages. Non-optimal SBP was responsible for the largest number of attributable cardiovascular deaths ranging from 38 per 10 0,0 0 0 women and 54 men in Peru, to 261 (Dominica, women) and 282 (Guyana, men). For non-HDL cholesterol, the lowest attributable rate was for women in Peru (21) and men in Guatemala (25), and the largest in men (158) and women (142) from Guyana. Interpretation: RRs for BMI from studies conducted in high-income countries may overestimate disease burden metrics in LAC; conversely, RRs for SBP, FPG and TC from LAC cohorts are similar to those esti- mated from cohorts in high-income countries

Nurses' perceptions of aids and obstacles to the provision of optimal end of life care in ICU

Contains fulltext : 172380.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Body mass explains digestive traits in small vespertilionid bats

Bats are unique among mammals in that they have evolved the capacity to fly. This has generated strong selective pressure on the morphology and function of their digestive system. Given that in bats intestinal length and nominal surface-area are proportional to body mass, this trait importantly relates to explaining some of their digestive characteristics. We described the relationship between digestive traits and body mass of four species of bats of the family Vespertilionidae living in a montane ecosystem in central Mexico. We calculated food transit time, apparent dry matter digestibility, and defecation rate in feeding trials under captive conditions. We also: (1) built a model of the relationship between digestive traits and body mass to determine if this association was consistent within the members of the family Vespertilionidae, and (2) mapped these traits along the phylogeny to explore how digestive characteristics may have evolved. In our feeding trials, body mass was positively related to transit time and negatively related to apparent dry matter digestibility. The model predicted accurately the transit time in bats with body mass < 20 g. The phylogenetic approach suggested that over the evolutionary history of the family, transit time decreased as digestibility increased. Because of the results obtained here, it is likely that for most bats of the family Vespertilionidae, adaptations in digestive traits to process food have followed evolutionary changes in their body mass. We discuss these findings in a physiological and ecological context.Los murciélagos son únicos entre los mamíferos porque han desarrollado la capacidad de volar. Esto ha generado una fuerte presión selectiva sobre la morfología y función de su sistema digestivo. Dado que en los murciélagos la longitud intestinal y el área de superficie nominal son proporcionales a la masa corporal, este rasgo se relaciona de manera importante con la explicación de algunas de sus características digestivas. Describimos la relación entre los rasgos digestivos y la masa corporal de cuatro especies de murciélagos de la familia Vespertilionidae que viven en un ecosistema montano en el centro de México. Calculamos el tiempo de tránsito de los alimentos, la digestibilidad aparente de la materia seca y la tasa de defecación en los ensayos de alimentación en cautiverio. También: (1) construimos un modelo de la relación entre los rasgos digestivos y la masa corporal para determinar si esta asociación era consistente dentro de los miembros de la familia Vespertilionidae, y (2) mapeamos estos rasgos a lo largo de la filogenia para explorar cómo las características digestivas pueden tener evolucionado. En nuestras pruebas de alimentación, la masa corporal se relacionó positivamente con el tiempo de tránsito y negativamente con la aparente digestibilidad de la materia seca. El modelo predijo con precisión el tiempo de tránsito en murciélagos con masa corporal <20 g. El enfoque filogenético sugirió que a lo largo de la historia evolutiva de la familia, el tiempo de tránsito disminuyó a medida que aumentaba la digestibilidad. Debido a los resultados obtenidos aquí, es probable que para la mayoría de los murciélagos de la familia Vespertilionidae, las adaptaciones en los rasgos digestivos para procesar los alimentos hayan seguido cambios evolutivos en su masa corporal. Discutimos estos hallazgos en un contexto fisiológico y ecológico.Universidad Nacional, Costa RicaUniversidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, MéxicoUniversidad Iberoamericana Puebla, México.Escuela de Ciencias Biológica

INFORME FINAL, Proyecto: Interacción océano-atmósfera y la biodiversidad marina del Parque Nacional Isla del Coco, Costa Rica

informe final presentado ante CONARE -- Universidad de Costa Rica, Vicerrectoría de Investigación. 2012La Isla del Coco es la única isla oceánica de América Central y el único punto emergido de la montaña submarina, Cordillera Volcánica de Coco, que se extiende desde las Islas Galápagos, Ecuador hasta la Península de Osa, Costa Rica. Aunque el área de la Isla y de la plataforma submarina son pequeños, la diversidad de organismos marinos es muy alta. Estudios recientes indican la existencia de sistemas complejos de corrientes océanicas alrededor de la isla cuyos parámetros físicos y químicos en toda la columna de agua han influido en la distribución y abundancia de los organismos marinos, desde el plancton hasta los grandes pelágicos. El objetivo de este proyecto fue dilucidar el efecto del cambio climático sobre las principales características físicas y químicas del océano y la atmósfera, y su efecto sobre la biodiversidad marina de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica. Se conformó un equipo multidisciplinario interinstitucional para ahondar en varios temas, desde la oceanografía física y atmosférica hasta el desarrollo de metodologías que permitieron identificar y valorar los impactos generados por el cambio climático en la biodiversidad marina y en las actividades socioeconómicas desarrolladas en y los alrededores de la Isla del Coco. El personal del Área de Conservación Marina Isla del Coco destacado en la Isla fue capacitado para la toma de algunos datos y realizar observaciones de valor científico, para darle continuidad en el tiempo al monitoreo de los ambientes marinos de la isla. Finalmente, se creó una línea base sólida de información científica para poder evaluar el impacto por la actividad humana y por el cambio climático. La información generada en este proyecto ha sido de utilidad para la protección, conservación y gestión del Área de Conservación Marina Isla del Coco.info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FEES-CONARE//808-B0-654/Costa Rica/Interacción océano-atmósfera y la biodiversidad marina del Parque Nacional Isla del Coco, Costa Rica/Otras unidades participantes en el proyecto como apoyo al mismo y su respectiva institución: CELEQ = Centro de Investigación en Electroquímica y Energía Química, Universidad de Costa Rica. CIEMic = Centro de Investigación en Estructuras Microscópicas, Universidad de Costa Rica. CIGEFI = Centro de Investigaciones Geofísicas, Universidad de Costa Rica. EB, UCR = Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica. ECB, UNA = Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional. EF, UCR = Escuela de Física, Universidad de Costa Rica. EF, UNA = Escuela de Física, Universidad Nacional. EQ, UCR = Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica. Espectro = Programa Espectro, Canal 15, Universidad de Costa Rica. MZUCR = Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica. MCZ-HU = Museo de Zoología Comparada, Universidad de Harvard, Boston, EUA. NMNH = Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Institución Smithsonian, Washington DC, EUA. ULR = Departamento de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad de La Rochelle, Francia. UV = Departamento de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad de Vigo, España. UNdMP = Departamento de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Argentina. USM = Departamento de Ciencias Marinas, University of Southern Mississippi, EUA.UCR::Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (CIMAR)UCR::Investigació

High-Throughput System for the Early Quantification of Major Architectural Traits in Olive Breeding Trials Using UAV Images and OBIA Techniques

The need for the olive farm modernization have encouraged the research of more efficient crop management strategies through cross-breeding programs to release new olive cultivars more suitable for mechanization and use in intensive orchards, with high quality production and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The advancement of breeding programs are hampered by the lack of efficient phenotyping methods to quickly and accurately acquire crop traits such as morphological attributes (tree vigor and vegetative growth habits), which are key to identify desirable genotypes as early as possible. In this context, an UAV-based high-throughput system for olive breeding program applications was developed to extract tree traits in large-scale phenotyping studies under field conditions. The system consisted of UAV-flight configurations, in terms of flight altitude and image overlaps, and a novel, automatic, and accurate object-based image analysis (OBIA) algorithm based on point clouds, which was evaluated in two experimental trials in the framework of a table olive breeding program, with the aim to determine the earliest date for suitable quantifying of tree architectural traits. Two training systems (intensive and hedgerow) were evaluated at two very early stages of tree growth: 15 and 27 months after planting. Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) were automatically and accurately generated by the algorithm as well as every olive tree identified, independently of the training system and tree age. The architectural traits, specially tree height and crown area, were estimated with high accuracy in the second flight campaign, i.e. 27 months after planting. Differences in the quality of 3D crown reconstruction were found for the growth patterns derived from each training system. These key phenotyping traits could be used in several olive breeding programs, as well as to address some agronomical goals. In addition, this system is cost and time optimized, so that requested architectural traits could be provided in the same day as UAV flights. This high-throughput system may solve the actual bottleneck of plant phenotyping of “linking genotype and phenotype,” considered a major challenge for crop research in the 21st century, and bring forward the crucial time of decision making for breeders.The breeding field trials in which the experiments were performed are funded by Interaceituna (Spanish Inter-professional Association for Table Olives) through the FIUS projects PR201402347 and PRJ201703174. This research was partly financed by the AGL2017-83325-C4-4-R (Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and AEI/EU-FEDER funds), and Intramural-CSIC 201940E074 Projects. Research of AC was supported by the Juan de la Cierva Program-Incorporación of the Spanish MINECO funds.Peer reviewe

Exploring UAV-imagery to support genotype selection in olive breeding programs

Airborne methodologies based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are becoming an extraordinary tool for implementing fast, accurate and affordable phenotyping strategies within plant breeding programs. The aim of this paper was to study the potential use of a previously developed UAV-OBIA platform, to fasten and support decision making for olive breeders regarding the selection of the most promising genotypes in terms of tree geometric traits. In particular, we have studied the feasibility of the system to efficiently classify and select olive genotypes according to four architectural parameters: tree height, crown diameter, projected crown area and canopy volume. These vegetative growth traits and their evolution during the first months after planting are key selection criteria in olive breeding programs. On-ground measurements and UAV estimations were recorded over two years (when trees were 15 and 27 months old, respectively) in two olive breeding trials using different training systems, namely intensive open vase and super high-density hedgerows. More than 1000 young trees belonging to 39 olive accessions, including new cross-bred genotypes and traditional cultivars, were assessed. Even though the accuracy in the UAV estimation compared to the on-ground measurements largely improved the second year, both methodologies detected in both years a high variability and significant differences among the studied genotypes, allowing for statistical comparisons among them. Genotype rankings based on the on-ground measures and UAV estimations were compared. The resulting Spearman’s rank coefficient correlations were very high, at above 0.85 in most cases, which highlights that very similar genotype classifications were achieved from either field-measured or airborne-estimated data. Thus, UAV imagery may be used to assess geometric traits and to develop rankings for the efficient screening and selection of genotypes in olive breeding programs.The breeding field trials in which the experiments were performed are funded by Interaceituna (Spanish Inter-Professional Association for Table Olives) through the FIUS projects PR201402347 and PRJ201703174. This research was partly financed by the AGL2017-83325-C4-4-R Project (Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and AEI-EU-FEDER funds), and Intramural-CSIC 201840E002 Projects. Research of A.I. de Castro was supported by the Juan de la Cierva Incorporación Program of the Spanish MINECO funds

Fenotipado de olivar mediante análisis de imágenes procedentes de vehículo aéreo no tripulado

Este trabajo se ha realizado conjuntamente por investigadores de diversas áreas pertenecientes a tres Instituciones Públicas localizadas en Andalucía (IAS-CSIC-Córdoba, Universidad de Sevilla e IFAPA-Córdoba). De forma resumida se presenta una tecnología consistente en el análisis automatizado de imágenes procedentes de un vehículo aéreo no tripulado (UAV) para el fenotipado de genotipos de olivo dentro de varios Programas de Mejora Genética. Se demuestra la utilidad en condiciones de campo de los modelos 3D que se han generado para la reconstrucción de cada olivo con dos objetivos agronómicos: i) fenotipado de variedades y selecciones de olivo en árboles muy jóvenes, y ii) cuantificación del efecto enanizante de variedades de bajo vigor utilizadas como patrones en la variedad "Picual". Los resultados obtuvieron precisiones >85 % en la cuantificación de la arquitectura de cada árbol respecto a los datos tomados desde tierra. Estos resultados han permitido: i) la discriminación entre variedades, y ii) la cuantificación de reducciones de hasta 50 % del volumen copa de `Picual¿ dependiendo del patrón utilizado. La información de la arquitectura 3D (altura, área proyectada o volumen de copa) de cada olivo en una parcela de olivar podría ser asimismo de gran utilidad para conocer numerosos aspectos relacionados con el manejo de las plantaciones, tales como el estados sanitario, nutricional e hídrico y respuesta a la poda, entre otros