2,852 research outputs found
Estimation of reference intervals from small samples: an example using canine plasma creatinine
Background: According to international recommendations, reference intervals should be determined from at least 120 reference individuals, which often are impossible to achieve in veterinary clinical pathology, especially
for wild animals. When only a small number of reference subjects is available, the possible bias cannot be known and the normality of the distribution cannot be evaluated. A comparison of reference intervals estimated by different methods could be helpful.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare reference limits determined from a large set of canine plasma creatinine reference values, and large subsets of this data, with estimates obtained from small samples selected randomly.
Methods: Twenty sets each of 120 and 27 samples were randomly selected from a set of 1439 plasma creatinine results obtained from healthy dogs in another study. Reference intervals for the whole sample and for the large
samples were determined by a nonparametric method. The estimated reference limits for the small samples were minimum and maximum, mean +/-2 SD of native and BoxâCox-transformed values, 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles by a robust method on native and BoxâCox-transformed values,
and estimates from diagrams of cumulative distribution functions.
Results: The whole sample had a heavily skewed distribution, which approached Gaussian after BoxâCox transformation. The reference limits estimated from small samples were highly variable. The closest estimates to
the 1439-result reference interval for 27-result subsamples were obtained by both parametric and robust methods after BoxâCox transformation but were grossly erroneous in some cases.
Conclusion: For small samples, it is recommended that all values be reported graphically in a dot plot or histogram and that estimates of the reference limits be compared using different methods
Validation of the Medonic CA620/530 Vet 20-ml microcapillary sampler system for hematology testing of feline blood
The aim of the current study was to compare feline hematologic variables in blood collected in
microcapillary tubes (20 ml) and conventional blood tubes with the Medonic CA620/530 Vet in-house
hematologic analyzer. A comparison of results obtained in 60 cats presented at the clinics of the veterinary
school showed that the correlations between the 2 methods were 0.97 for white blood cell, 0.95 for red blood
cell, and 0.93 for platelet counts; 0.92 for hemoglobin concentration; and 0.99 for mean corpuscular volume.
No clinically relevant differences between the 2 blood sampling techniques were observed for any variable,
which suggests that both techniques are interchangeable in cats. Moreover, microcapillary tubes would allow
easier repeated sampling in the same cat and would likely be useful in other small species
Reference values: a review
Reference values are used to describe the dispersion of variables in healthy individuals. They are usually reported as population-based reference intervals (RIs) comprising 95% of the healthy population. International recommendations
state the preferred method as a priori nonparametric determination from at least 120 reference individuals, but acceptable alternative methods include transference or validation from previously established RIs. The most critical steps in the determination of reference values are the selection of reference individuals based on extensively documented inclusion and exclusion criteria and the use of quality-controlled analytical procedures. When only small numbers of values are available, RIs can be estimated by
new methods, but reference limits thus obtained may be highly imprecise. These recommendations are a challenge in veterinary clinical pathology, especially when only small numbers of reference individuals are available
Canine reference intervals for coagulation markers using the STA Satellite and the STA-R Evolution analyzers
The aim of the current study was to determine canine reference intervals for prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen, and antithrombin (AT) according to international recommendations. The STA Satellite coefficients of variation of within-laboratory imprecision were 3.9%, 1.3%, 6.9%, and 5.1% for PT, APTT, fibrinogen, and AT, respectively. At 4uC, citrated specimens were stable up to 8 hr for whole blood and 36 hr for plasma, except for APTT, which increased slightly (<1 sec). Nonparametric reference intervals determined in citrated plasma from 139 healthy fasting purebred dogs were 6.9â8.8 sec, 13.1â17.2 sec, 1.24â4.30 g/l, and 104â188% for PT, APTT, fibrinogen, and AT, respectively. Based on PassingâBablok comparison between STA Satellite and STA-R Evolution using 60 frozen specimens from a canine plasma bank, the corresponding reference intervals were transferred to the STA-R Evolution: 7.1â9.2 sec, 12.9â17.3 sec, 1.20â4.43 g/l, and 94â159% for PT, APTT, fibrinogen, and AT, respectively
Continuous control of ionization wave chaos by spatially derived feedback signals
In the positive column of a neon glow discharge, two different types of
ionization waves occur simultaneously. The low-dimensional chaos arising from
the nonlinear interaction between the two waves is controlled by a continuous
feedback technique. The control strategy is derived from the time-delayed
autosynchronization method. Two spatially displaced points of observation are
used to obtain the control information, using the propagation characteristics
of the chaotic wave.Comment: Elsevier-Tex-File, 8 pages, 6 figures, submitted to PL
Curved plasma channels: Kerr lens and Airy prism
We analytically calculate the transverse energy fluxes that would be
respectively induced in high-power Airy beams by the Kerr self-focusing and the
Airy profile itself if they were the only active process. In experimental
condition representative of laser filamentation experiments of high-power
ultrashort laser pulses in air and condensed media, the Kerr lens induces
transverse energy fluxes much larger than the Airy "prism" at the main peak. As
a consequence, the curved plasma channels in Airy beams are not only a plasma
spark on a curved focus, but indeed self-guided filaments, and their curved
trajectory appears as a perturbation due to the linear Airy propagation regime.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures (6 panels
Magnetic field and pressure effects on charge density wave, superconducting, and magnetic states in LuIrSi and ErIrSi
We have studied the charge-density-wave (CDW) state for the superconducting
LuIrSi and the antiferromagnetic ErIrSi as
variables of temperature, magnetic field, and hydrostatic pressure. For
LuIrSi, the application of pressure strongly suppresses the CDW
phase but weakly enhances the superconducting phase. For ErIrSi,
the incommensurate CDW state is pressure independent and the commensurate CDW
state strongly depends on the pressure, whereas the antiferromagnetic ordering
is slightly depressed by applying pressure. In addition, ErIrSi
shows negative magnetoresistance at low temperatures, compared with the
positive magnetoresistance of LuIrSi.Comment: 12 pages, including 6 figure
Comparaison de lâexactitude du dosage du sodium et du potassium sanguins chez le chien par les analyseurs ECS 2000 et Vitros 250
La mesure des concentrations plasmatiques de sodium et de potassium est un besoin important en mĂ©decine vĂ©tĂ©rinaire, notamment lors des soins intensifs aux animaux choquĂ©s ; les rĂ©sultats doivent donc ĂȘtre obtenus de façon rapide, prĂ©cise et simple. Lâobjectif de cette Ă©tude a Ă©tĂ© de comparer chez le chien les rĂ©sultats obtenus avec un analyseur de laboratoire validĂ© et soumis Ă un contrĂŽle de qualitĂ©, le Vitros 250, Ă ceux donnĂ©s par lâECS 2000, rĂ©cemment mis sur le marchĂ©. Soixante et onze plasmas hĂ©parinĂ©s canins ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©s par les deux appareils ; les rĂ©sultats obtenus sur sang total et plasma par lâECS 2000 ont Ă©tĂ© comparĂ©s sur 36 spĂ©cimens. La corrĂ©lation
entre les résultats des deux analyseurs a été excellente pour le dosage du potassium (KECS = 0,90 x KVitros + 0,29 ; r = 0,96) et satisfaisante pour le dosage du sodium (NaECS = 1,19 x NaVitros - 24,38 ; r = 0,79). Les natrémies
mesurĂ©es par lâECS 2000, avec une imprĂ©cision de 1,2%, ont Ă©tĂ© significativement plus Ă©levĂ©es que celles obtenues par le Vitros 250 avec un biais proportionnel, allant de 0,6 Ă 4,9 mmol/L. Les kaliĂ©mies mesurĂ©es par lâECS 2000, avec une imprĂ©cision de 1,6%, ont Ă©tĂ© modĂ©rĂ©ment mais significativement plus faibles quâavec le Vitros 250 et le biais Ă©tait Ă©galement proportionnel, allant de 0,11 Ă 0,44 mmol/L. La discrimination clinique des rĂ©sultats â normaux â vs. â Ă©levĂ©s â ou â bas â, selon des intervalles de rĂ©fĂ©rence du Vitros 250, a Ă©tĂ© la mĂȘme dans 94% des cas pour le sodium et 90% pour le potassium. Aucune diffĂ©rence significative entre les mesures rĂ©alisĂ©es avec lâECS 2000 sur sang total et sur plasma nâa Ă©tĂ© mise en Ă©vidence
pour la kaliémie, alors que les natrémies déterminées sur sang total ont été significativement plus faibles que celles déterminées sur plasma. Néanmoins, les dosages de K+ et Na+ effectués sur sang total était trÚs fortement
corrĂ©lĂ©s Ă ceux effectuĂ©s sur plasma. La centrifugation du spĂ©cimen nâaugmente donc pas la qualitĂ© analytique de lâappareil et cet analyseur, rapide et facile dâutilisation, constitue une bonne alternative aux analyseurs plus onĂ©reux et techniquement plus dĂ©licats pour les cliniques vĂ©tĂ©rinaires
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