One Class Splitting Criteria for Random Forests

Random Forests (RFs) are strong machine learning tools for classification and regression. However, they remain supervised algorithms, and no extension of RFs to the one-class setting has been proposed, except for techniques based on second-class sampling. This work fills this gap by proposing a natural methodology to extend standard splitting criteria to the one-class setting, structurally generalizing RFs to one-class classification. An extensive benchmark of seven state-of-the-art anomaly detection algorithms is also presented. This empirically demonstrates the relevance of our approach

Visualisation du cerveau et théories de l’esprit : la création d’une interface cerveau-machine

Mémoire en recherche-création.Les interfaces cerveau-machine (ICM), grâce à l’imagerie médicale moderne, font de l’esprit au travail un outil de contrôle cinétique pour de nombreuses applications médicales et artistiques. Ainsi, depuis les quinze dernières années, ce champ de recherches émergeant met à profit les corrélations établies par les neurosciences entre l’activité cognitive et l’activité électrique du cerveau. C’est donc à partir de la problématique suivante que nous avons élaboré notre plan de travail : comment les interfaces cerveau-machine, à travers différents dispositifs techniques de visualisation du cerveau (IRMf, EEG), tracent une nouvelle topologie du soi, entendu ici comme un rapport du sujet avec lui-même? Notre analyse démontrera comment l’histoire de la visualisation du cerveau, de la préhistoire jusqu’à aujourd’hui, établit des rapprochements entre les représentations du cerveau et le développement des théories de l’esprit. De plus, il sera question des théories picturales et des principaux modèles de la pensée soutenus par les sciences cognitives. Enfin, notre réflexion se poursuivra à partir d’un retour sur les défis rencontrés lors de la création d’une interface ICM pour le projet Télékinésium. Au terme de notre projet de recherche, nous constaterons que de nos trois axes d’analyse – une brève histoire de la visualisation du cerveau, la pensée-image, Télékénésium : une interface cerveau-machine – resurgit la question identitaire liée à l’ouverture de cette boîte noire qu’a longtemps été le cerveau.Thanks to modern medical imaging, the brain-computer interface (BCI) can transform the working mind into a kinetic control tool, which has many medical and artistic applications. Thus, for the past fifteen years, this emerging field of research has studied the correlations established by neuroscience between the cognitive activity and the electrical activity of the brain. We developed our research plan by studying the following question: how does BCI define a new topology of the self – defined as the relationship between the subject and oneself – through various neuroimaging technologies (fMRI, EEG)? Our analysis will demonstrate how the history of neuroimaging, from prehistory to the present day, brings together representations of the brain and the development of theory of mind. In addition, we will discuss theories of pictorial representation and the main models of thought supported by cognitive science. Finally, we will reflect on the challenges encountered while creating BCI for the Telekinesium project. To conclude our three-pronged analysis – a brief history of neuroimaging, the thought image and Telekenesium: a BCI – fundamental questions surrounding our identity resurface, which are linked to the opening of this black box: the human brain

Parsing Fortran-77 with proprietary extensions

Far from the latest innovations in software development, many organizations still rely on old code written in "obsolete" programming languages. Because this source code is old and proven it often contributes significantly to the continuing success of these organizations. Yet to keep the applications relevant and running in an evolving environment, they sometimes need to be updated or migrated to new languages or new platforms. One difficulty of working with these "veteran languages" is being able to parse the source code to build a representation of it. Parsing can also allow modern software development tools and IDEs to offer better support to these veteran languages. We initiated a project between our group and the Framatome company to help migrate old Fortran-77 with proprietary extensions (called Esope) into more modern Fortran. In this paper, we explain how we parsed the Esope language with a combination of island grammar and regular parser to build an abstract syntax tree of the code.Comment: Accepted at ICSME'23 Industrial trac

Static and Dynamic Thermo Mechanical Characterization of a Bio-Compatible Shape Memory Polymer

International audienceShape memory polymers encounter a growing interest over the past ten years particularly because their eventual bio-compatibility leads to many bio-medical applications. They also present many benefits for the design of micro-adaptive systems for deployment or controlled damping materials. Indeed, the SMPs are polymeric smart materials which have the remarkable ability to recover their primary shape from a temporary one when submitted to an external stimulus. The present study deals with the synthesis and the thermo-mechanical characterization of a thermally-actuated SMP. The polymer considered hereafter is a chemically cross-linked thermoset. It is synthesized via photo polymerization (UV curing) of the monomer tert-butyl acrylate (tBA) with the crosslinking agent poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) and the photoinitiator 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA). A mechanical characterization has been performed using three kinds of tests: quasi-static tensile tests, tensile dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and modal tests. The Young's modulus and the Poisson ratio are determined at ambient temperature using the first technique. The DMA is used to determine the evolution of viscoelastic properties as a function of the temperature and the frequency under harmonic loading. The modal analysis is employed to identify the viscoelastic properties of the material at higher frequency. A comparison of the results obtained by these three experimental methods highlights their complementarity

On the solar nickel and oxygen abundances

Determinations of the solar oxygen content relying on the neutral forbidden transition at 630 nm depend upon the nickel abundance, due to a Ni I blend. Here we rederive the solar nickel abundance, using the same ab initio 3D hydrodynamic model of the solar photosphere employed in the recent revision of the abundances of C, N, O and other elements. Using 17 weak, unblended lines of Ni I together with the most accurate atomic and observational data available we find log epsilon_Ni = 6.17 +/- 0.02 (statistical) +/- 0.05 (systematic), a downwards shift of 0.06 to 0.08 dex relative to previous 1D-based abundances. We investigate the implications of the new nickel abundance for studies of the solar oxygen abundance based on the [O I] 630 nm line in the quiet Sun. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the oxygen abundance implied by the recent sunspot spectropolarimetric study of Centeno & Socas-Navarro needs to be revised downwards from log epsilon_O = 8.86 +/- 0.07 to 8.71 +/- 0.10. This revision is based on the new nickel abundance, application of the best available gf-value for the 630 nm forbidden oxygen line, and a more transparent treatment of CO formation. Determinations of the solar oxygen content relying on forbidden lines now appear to converge around log epsilon_O = 8.7.Comment: v2 matches published versio

Innovating in Teaching Collaborative Practice with a Large Student Cohort at Université de Montréal

Université de Montréal implemented an interprofessional education (IPE) curriculum on collaborative practice in a large cohort of students (>1,100) from 10 health sciences and psychosocial sciences training programs. It is made up of three one-credit undergraduate courses (CSS1900, CSS2900, CSS3900) spanning the first 3 years of training. The course content and activities aim for development of the six competency domains identified by the Canadian Interprofessional Health Collaborative. This paper describes the IPE curriculum and highlights the features contributing to its success and originality. Among main success key factors were: administrative cooperation among participating faculties, educators eager to develop innovative approaches, extensive use of clinical situations conducive to knowledge and skill application, strong logistic support, close cooperation with health care delivery organizations, and partnership between clinicians and patients. A distinguishing feature of this IPE curriculum is the concept of partnership in care between the patient and caregivers. Patients’ representatives were involved in course planning, and patients were trained to become patients-as-trainers (PT) and cofacilitate interprofessional discussion workshops. They give feed- back to students regarding integration and application of the patient partnership concept from a patient’s point of view. Lire l'article/Read the article : http://openurl.ingenta.com/content?genre=article&issn=0090-7421&volume=42&issue=4&spage=97E&epage=106

The Significance of Energy Storage for Renewable Energy Generation and the Role of Instrumentation and Measurement

International audienceEnergy storage is not a new concept but is currently getting increasing importance in the context of energy transition paradigm. Indeed, it is expected to play a key role as an enabling technology for lowering the carbon footprint of the electric power system. In fact, the growing development of renewable energy resources and their increasing share in the energy mix, are introducing significant challenges to the existing power grid due to the high variability of these sources/loads. In particular, maintaining the generation-consumption balance of the electric power in real time, as well as the overall power system security, when these special energy sources/loads are present at a significant scale is a major concern. With competitive energy storage, it will be possible to introduce more flexibility in the electrical system thus helping it to better manage the overall energy balance with better system response in case of severe contingencies. Energy storage technologies were historically used for managing the load curve while observing generation dynamic constraints. The most well-known storage technology is the pumped hydro storage where the energy is stored in a hydraulic form (water potential energy). With the event of open access and the corresponding unbundling of electric power industry segments, valorizing energy storage options under market conditions has become tricky. The major present barriers for deploying energy storage systems (ESS) are high cost, competitive economic value, efficiency and energy density, together with energy policies. The new energy paradigm has put a new emphasis on energy storage, and many research roadmaps have pointed out the need for overcoming the current barriers. The decision makers' awareness of the importance of energy storage is also on the rise. However, adequate incentives for encouraging massive deployment of ESS and storage technology within the electric power system are still lacking. Currently, most of the effort is dedicated to in situ demonstration projects in striving for smarter grids and support of innovations with the corresponding proofs of concept and feedback experience. Additionally, different grid applications are assessed for both centralized to decentralized uses. Various energy storage applications for frequency regulation, voltage support, investment optimization, or peak shaving are under consideration. In this article, some of the main energy storage technologies will be reviewed according to their main application domains. That will be followed by a focus on battery energy storage. Some key elements of battery management system (BMS) technologies and ESS architecture and characterization will be addressed. Then some aspects of ESS protection will be presented and the key trends and indications of emerging concepts for energy storage will be identified