Effects of rotation in the energy spectrum of C60C_{60}

In this paper, motivated by the experimental evidence of rapidly rotating $C_{60}$ molecules in fullerite, we study the low-energy electronic states of rotating fullerene within a continuum model. In this model, the low-energy spectrum is obtained from an effective Dirac equation including non-Abelian gauge fields that simulate the pentagonal rings of the molecule. Rotation is incorporated into the model by solving the effective Dirac equation in the rotating referential frame. The exact analytical solution for the eigenfunctions and energy spectrum is obtained, yielding the previously known static results in the no rotation limit. Due to the coupling between rotation and total angular momentum, that appears naturally in the rotating frame, the zero modes of static $C_{60}$ are shifted and also suffer a Zeeman splitting whithout the presence of a magnetic field

Estilos gerenciais e eficácia administrativa na produção de café

The objective of this article was to analyze the managerial styles in coffee farmers of two regions in Minas Gerais State, Brazil (Sul and Zona da Mata), and the difficulties which can be compromising the administrative effectiveness. Primary data were collected from forms applied to 56 coffee farmers, in the harvest period 2003/2004. To analyze the relation between the dominant managerial styles and the reached economic and technical performances in the activity, the analysis of simple correlation was used (coefficient of Pearson). Regressions were estimated to indicate as the situational variables had intervened in the styles. Among the main results it is important to point out that the producers, in general, presented as dominant managerial style 9,9, which represents the versatile and intent manager to the changes of the environment. The situational variables intervened, significantly, in the managerial styles in both regions, of differentiated form. Also positive correlations between the dominant managerial styles were observed and the physical production and total gross income in the production of coffee in the Zone of Mata region. This can be an indication that the versatile style is related to a good economic and technical performance in the activity. The results of this research can be considered reference to reach managerial effectiveness in the production of coffee in the studied regions.Managerial styles, Managerial effectiveness, Managerial grid, Coffee production, Crop Production/Industries,

Concepts of indirect calorimetry on metabolic disorders: a narrative review

Introdução: A calorimetria indireta continua sendo um padrão ouro na avaliação do gasto energético de repouso no campo clínico. Por meio de suas medições, é possível oferecer as necessidades energéticas de um paciente para maximizar os benefícios da terapia nutricional. No entanto, os conceitos e as bases metodológicas dos dados coletados podem ser dificultosos para serem interpretados pelos usuários na prática clínica. Objetivo: abordar os conceitos de gasto energético diário total e seus componentes, e, apresentar os aspectos metodológicos da calorimetria indireta que podem servir como guia no campo clínico. Método: Revisão bibliográfica narrativa, realizada pelas bases de dados eletrônicas Pubmed (US National Library of Medicine), SCOPUS e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). A pesquisa foi realizada no período entre 1905-2019, utilizando os seguintes identificadores em Descritores em Ciências da Saúde: Metabolismo Basal, Metabolismo Energético e Calorimetria Indireta. Foram selecionadas 55 pesquisas publicadas que apresentaram conteúdos relacionados aos objetivos deste estudo. Resultado: O gasto energético total diário (GETD) é composto por três componentes principais, tais como: atividade física (AF), efeito térmico dos alimentos (TEF) e taxa metabólica basal (TMB) e / ou gasto energético de repouso (GER). O GER é geralmente avaliado por calorimetria indireta, que também fornece informações sobre o coeficiente respiratório (CR) e oxidação de substratos, que pode variar de acordo com o metabolismo do paciente, como algum distúrbio metabólico, obesidade ou desnutrição. Portanto, o manejo adequado dos aspectos metodológicos da calorimetria indireta e sua posterior interpretação nos distúrbios metabólicos é fundamental para garantir a qualidade dos resultados. Conclusão: Os conceitos de gasto energético e as bases metodológicas da calorimetria indireta são relevantes para fornecer uma atenção individualizada aos pacientes com distúrbios metabólicos. As descrições desta revisão podem ser utilizadas como um guia prático, auxiliando a compreensão da aplicação correta da técnica de calorimetria indireta, em estudos relacionados ao gasto energético com ênfase nos distúrbios metabólicos.Introduction: Indirect calorimetry remains a gold standard in measuring resting energy expenditure in the clinical field. Through its measurements, it is possible to offers a patient’s energy needs to maximize nutritional therapy benefits. However, the concepts and methodological basis of collected data can be difficult to be interpreted by users in clinical practice. Objective: To address the concepts of total daily energy expenditure and its components and present the methodological aspects of indirect calorimetry that can guide the clinical field. Method: Narrative bibliographic review using the electronic Pubmed (US National Library of Medicine), SCOPUS, and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) databases. The research was carried out in the period between 1905-2019, using the following identifiers in Health Sciences Descriptors: Basal Metabolism, Energy Metabolism and Indirect Calorimetry. We selected 55 researches published that presented contents related to the objectives of this study. Result: The total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) is comprised of three main components, such as physical activity (PA), thermic effect of food (TEF) and basal metabolic rate (BMR) and/or resting energy expenditure (REE). The REE is generally evaluated by indirect calorimetry, which also provides information on the respiratory coefficient (RQ) or oxidation of substrates. Its result varies depending on the existence of some metabolic disorders such as obesity or malnutrition. Therefore, the proper management of the methodological aspects of indirect calorimetry and its subsequent interpretation in metabolic disorders is essential to guarantee the results’ quality. Conclusion: Energy expenditure concepts and the methodological basis of indirect calorimetry are relevant to providing individualized attention to patients with metabolic disorders. This review can be used as a practical guide, helping to understand the correct application of the indirect calorimetry technique in studies related to energy expenditure with an emphasis on metabolic disorders

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049

Estudo Das Alterações Inflamatórias E Morfológicas Pulmonares Em Modelo Animal De Pneumoperitônio

Study of functional and morphological pulmonary alterations in an animal model of pneumoperiton. Background: Laparoscopic surgeries require pneumoperitoneum achieved by pressure-controlled insufflation of carbon dioxide into peritoneal cavity. This can change the respiratory mechanics and promotes an oxidative stress. We aimed to assess the effect of different intra-abdominal pressures (IAP) from the pneumoperitoneum in a ventilated rat model with normal lungs. Methods: The animals (n=48) were allocated randomly into 6 groups: Sham group, group without pneumoperitoneum; IAP5 mmHg; IAP8 mmHg; IAP10 mmHg; IAP12 mmHg and IAP14 mmHg. All animals were ventilated during 60 minutes with VT 5 mL/kg, PEEP 2 cmH2O, FiO2 35% and RR 60- 70 bpm. At the end of the experiment the animals were euthanatized and the lungs were removed for analysis. We performed lipid peroxidation, myeloperoxidase activity, cytokines measurements, and histopathologic analysis. Results: The Sham group was lower when compared with other groups in all analysis. TNF-alpha: IAP8 (5.73 pg/mL) was lower when compared with IAP12 (6.32 pg/mL) and IAP14 (7.56 pg/mL) (p<0.001). IAP 12 was lower when compared to IAP14 (p<0.001). IL-6: IAP8 (8.23 pg/mL) was lower when compared to IAP10 (8.91 pg/mL) (p<0.05). IAP10 was lower when compared to IAP12 (9.74 pg/mL) (p<0.01) and to IAP14 (14.57 pg/mL) (p<0.001). IAP12 was lower when compared to IAP14 (p<0.001). Lipid peroxidation: IAP8 was lower when compared to IAP10 (p<0.001), IAP10 was lower when compared to IAP12 (p<0.01). IAP12 was lower when compared to IAP14 (p<0.001). MPO activity: IAP8 (8.23 mU/mL) was lower when compared to IAP10 (8.91 mU/mL) (p<0.05). IAP10 was lower when compared to IAP12 (9.74 mU/mL) (p<0.01), and IAP12 was lower when compared to IAP14 (14.57 mU/mL) (p<0.001). Histological: The tissues from IAP8 rats exhibited low architecture alveolar damage, augment of alveolar septae and neutrophil infiltration, whereas IAP10 and IAP12 groups exhibited alteration in architecture alveolar with septal rupture edema and neutrophil infiltration and the IPA14 exhibited severe septal rupture, edema, diffuse bleeding and neutrophil infiltration. Conclusions: These data demonstrated histological growing changes according to the increase of the intraperitoneal pressure. The biochemical and inflammatory analysis demonstrated increase in the groups with higher pressure. Those findings suggest that the lower pressure protects the lungs from injury after pneumoperitoneum.Cirurgias minimamente invasivas, como a laparoscopia, causam pequenos traumas e atenuam a resposta endócrino metabólica ao estresse causado pela cirurgia. O estresse oxidativo é também uma parte integrante da resposta ao ato cirúrgico. Contudo, o pneumoperitônio continua ainda sendo implicado na produção de radicais livres. Objetivo: Avaliação dos efeitos do pneumoperitônio nos pulmões de ratos submetidos à insuflação abdominal por dióxido de carbono (simulando laparoscopia). Material e Métodos: Foram utilizados seis grupos (n=8 ratos por grupo), sendo: Sham: sem insuflação intra-abdominal; IAP5: uso de pressão intra-abdominal de 5 mmHg de dióxido de carbono; IAP8: uso de pressão intra-abdominal de 8 mmHg; IAP10: uso de pressão intra-abdominal de 10 mmHg; IAP12: uso de pressão intra-abdominal de 12 mmHg; IAP14: uso de pressão intra-abdominal de 14 mmHg. Ao final do experimento foi realizada a eutanásia e retirados os pulmões para análise de estresse oxidativo, mediadores inflamatórios e histologia. Resultados: O grupo Sham difere estaticamente dos outros grupos em todas as análises. TNF-alfa: IAP8 (5,73 pg/mL) foi menor quando comparado com o IAP12 (6,32 pg/mL) e IAP14 (7,56 pg/mL) (p <0,001). IAP12 foi menor quando comparado com IAP14 (p <0,001). IL-6: IAP8 (8,23 pg/mL) foi menor em comparação com os IAP10 (8,91 pg/mL) (p <0,05). Os IAP10 foram inferiores a IAP12 (9,74 pg/mL) (p <0,01) e a IAP14 (14,57 pg/mL) (p <0,001). IAP12 foi menor quando comparado com IAP14 (p<0,001). Peroxidação lipídica: IAP8 foi menor quando comparado com os IAP10 (p <0,001) e este foi menor quando comparado com os IAP12 (p <0,01). IAP12 foi menor quando comparado com IAP14 (p <0,001). MPO: IAP8 (8,23 mU/mL) foi menor quando comparado com os IAP10 (8,91 mU/mL) (p <0,05). Os IAP10 foram menores quando comparados com IAP12 (9,74) (p <0,01), e foi menor IAP12 quando comparados com IAP14 (14,57 mU/mL) (p <0,001). Os IAP5 não tiveram diferenças estatisticamente significativas para o grupo sham na maior parte dos ítens avaliados. Histologia: As amostras de tecidos pulmonares de ratos IAP5 e IAP8 apresentaram danos leves, os grupos IAP10 e IAP12 danos moderados e o grupo IPA14 danos graves. Conclusões: Estes dados demonstram crescentes alterações inflamatórias e histológicas diretamente proporcionais ao aumento do IAP. A análise bioquímica e inflamatória demonstrou aumento dos marcadores nos grupos com pressão mais elevada. Esses achados sugerem que a IAP mais baixa protege contra lesões após a insuflação do pneumoperitônio.Dados abertos - Sucupira - Teses e dissertações (2017

Mossbauer effect study of cu/sub 2/mnal/sub 1-x/sn/sub x/ compounds

Results of a Mõssbauer effect study of a range of Cu2MnA1t-xSnx compounds are presented for x=0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75. The hyperfine magnetic field at Sn nuclei is proportional to a number of Sn atoms substituted for Al ones and it increases by - 17 kOe per Sn atom. It does not depend, however, on tin concentration in the compound. This reflects a well-localized character of ferromagnetism in these compounds. The coexistence of the different fields for a given sample cannot be explained either by the Blandin-Campbell model or by the Jena-Geldart one. The results and their interpretation were supported by fitting the Mõssbauer spectra of the alloys studied with another independent method which gave the distributions as well as the average magnetic fields. The isomer shift also depends on how many Sn atoms have been substituted for Al ones, and it decreases on average by 0.09 mm/s per Sn a tom