Balanço do nitrogênio e fósforo em solo com cultivo orgânico de hortaliças após a incorporação de biomassa de guandu.

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar os efeitos de faixas de guandu (Cajanus cajan) e da incorporação da biomassa proveniente de sua poda na fertilidade do solo e na produtividade de três hortaliças sob cultivo orgânico. O delineamento usado foi de blocos casualizados completos em esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas com três repetições. As produtividades de beterraba, cenoura e feijão-de-vagem não foram afetadas pelos tratamentos. Nas parcelas onde não houve incorporação da biomassa de guandu, o balanço de nitrogênio no sistema foi negativo, ao passo que com a incorporação, esse balanço foi positivo. Embora tenha ocorrido balanço positivo para o fósforo nas parcelas sem a incorporação de biomassa de guandu, houve um aumento significativo na absorção desse elemento pelas hortaliças quando o material foi incorporado. O sistema de cultivo em aléias de guandu pode representar uma prática vantajosa para os produtores orgânicos, por contribuir na manutenção da fertilidade do solo

The Third International Symposium on Fungal Stress – ISFUS

Stress is a normal part of life for fungi, which can survive in environments considered inhospitable or hostile for other organisms. Due to the ability of fungi to respond to, survive in, and transform the environment, even under severe stresses, many researchers are exploring the mechanisms that enable fungi to adapt to stress. The International Symposium on Fungal Stress (ISFUS) brings together leading scientists from around the world who research fungal stress. This article discusses presentations given at the third ISFUS, held in São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil in 2019, thereby summarizing the state-of-the-art knowledge on fungal stress, a field that includes microbiology, agriculture, environmental science, ecology, biotechnology, medicine, and astrobiology

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time, and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space. While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes, vast areas of the tropics remain understudied. In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity, but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases. To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge, it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

New Distribution Record And Implications For Conservation Of The Endangered Wunderlichia Azulensis Maguire & G.m. Barroso (asteraceae: Wunderlichieae)

The endemic Brazilian genus Wunderlichia is one of the smallest in Asteraceae. Among its species is found the rare Wunderlichia azulensis, only known to grow in rocky outcrops in Bahia, Minas Gerais, and Espirito Santo states. This work shows the first record of W. azulensis in Rio de Janeiro state and categorizes its conservation status based on the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. It is also presented a distribution map showing its relationship to places with low annual rainfall, and its occurrence in three Brazilian biomes.103706708Aguiar, W.M., Gaglianone, M.C., Euglossine bees (Hymenoptera Apidae Euglossina) on an inselberg in the Atlantic Forest domain of southeastern Brazil (2011) Tropical Zoology, 24 (2), pp. 107-125. , http://www.fupress.net/index.php/tropicalzoology/article/view/10455Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A., de la Torre, J., Scott, B., Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: Geospatial Conservation Assessment Tool (2011) Zookeys, 150, pp. 117-126Barroso, G.M., Maguire, B., A review of the genus Wunderlichia (Mutisiae, Compositae) (1973) Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 33, pp. 379-406(2008) Lista das Espécies Ameaçadas de Extinção da Flora do Estado de Minas Gerais, 48p. , Deliberação Conselho Estadual de Política Ambiental nº 367, de 15 de dezembro de 2008. Belo Horizonte: Diário do ExecutivoFeres, F., Zucchi, M.I., Souza, A.P., Amaral, M.C.E., Bittrich, W., Phylogeographic studies of Brazilian "campo-rupestre" species: Wunderlichia mirabilis Riedel ex Baker (Asteraceae) (2009) Biotemas, 22 (1), pp. 17-26(2005) Lista da Flora Brasileira Ameaçada de Extinção, , http://www.biodiversitas.org.br/folraBr/, Captured on 24 September 2013. Electronic Database accessible atHijmans, R.J., Cameron, S.E., Parra, J.L., Jones, P.G., Jarvis, A., Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas (2005) International Journal of Climatology, 25 (15), pp. 1965-1978(2012) Manual Técnico da Vegetação Brasileira, 274p. , Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística(2012) IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 4. 0, , http://www.iucnredlist.org/, Captured on 23 September 2013. Electronic Database accessible at(2008) Ministério do Meio Ambiente. Diário Oficial da União, 185, pp. 75-83Murray-Smith, C., Brummitt, N.A., Oliveira-Filho, A.T., Bachman, S.S., Moat, J., Lughadha, E.M.N., Lucas, E.J., Plant Diversity Hotspots in the Atlantic Coastal Forests of Brazil (2008) Conservation Biology, 23 (1), pp. 151-163Myers, N., Mittermeier, R.A., Mittermeier, C.G., Fonseca, G.A.B., Kent, J., Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities (2000) Nature, 403 (6772), pp. 853-858Nakajima, J.N., Junqueira, T.V., Freitas, F.S., Teles, A.M., Comparative analysis of red lists of the Brazilian flora: Asteraceae (2012) Rodriguésia, 63 (1), pp. 039-054Pessanha, A.S., Menini Neto, L., Forzza, R.C., Nascimento, M.T., Composition and conservation of Orchidaceae on an inselberg in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and floristic relationships with areas of Eastern Brazil (2014) Revista de Biologia Tropical, 62 (2), pp. 829-841. , http://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rbt/article/view/10719Souza-Buturi, F.O., (2013) Wunderlichia, , http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/jabot/floradobrasil/FB5541, Captured on 17 July 2013. in Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Electronic Database accessible atSouza-Buturi, F.O., (2013) Taxonomia, palinologia e anatomia de Wunderlichia, Asteraceae, 156p. , PhD. Thesis. Campinas: Universidade Estadual de CampinasSpeciesLink, (2013) Wunderlichia azulensis, , http://www.splink.cria.org.br, Captured on 22 October 2013. in Centro de Referência em Informação Ambiental, CRIA. Eletronic Database accessible atWerneck, M.S., Sobral, M.E.G., Rocha, C.T.V., Landau, E.C., Stehmann, J.R., Distribution and Endemism of Angiosperms in the Atlantic Forest (2011) Natureza & Conservação, 9 (2), pp. 188-19

Angiotensin-II-induced reactive oxygen species along the SFO-PVN-RVLM pathway: implications in neurogenic hypertension

Neurogenic hypertension has been the subject of extensive research worldwide. This review is based on the premise that some forms of neurogenic hypertension are caused in part by the formation of angiotensin-II (Ang-II)-induced reactive oxygen species along the subfornical organ-paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus-rostral ventrolateral medulla pathway (SFO-PVN-RVLM pathway). We will discuss the recent contribution of our laboratory and others regarding the mechanisms by which neurons in the SFO (an important circumventricular organ) are activated by Ang-II, how the SFO communicates with two other important areas involved in sympathetic activity regulation (PVN and RVLM) and how Ang-II-induced reactive oxygen species participate along the SFO-PVN-RVLM pathway in the pathogenesis of neurogenic hypertension

Клинические особенности метилирования генов микроРНК в пограничных опухолях яичников и в зависимости от гистологического строения злокачественных опухолей яичников

Background: Borderline ovarian tumors (BOT) belong to the intermediate type between benign and malignant ovarian neoplasms. Serous borderline tumors share common molecular and genetic characteristics with serous carcinomas. An increase in the methylation level of microRNA (miRNA) genes group has been previously shown during the development and progression of ovarian cancer. However, the study results are contradictory, and their number is not sufficient for a consensus. Current study is the first to search for aberrant methylated genes of the BOT-specific microRNA and for some histological subtypes of ovarian cancer. Materials and methods: The study was based on a set of 99 paired (tumor/healthy) ovarian tumor samples. Methylation analysis was carried out with quantitative methyl-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Screening for BOT biomarkers was performed in 21 genes of miRNA. Results: We have found that some miRNA genes (MIR124-1, MIR125B-1, MIR129-2, MIR132, MIR148A, MIR193A, MIR203A, MIR107, MIR1258, MIR339) were characterized by a high methylation level in the patients with BOT, compared to that in the tissues of healthy women. At the same time, the methylation level in the patients with malignant ovarian tumors (MOT) either differed slightly or was even lower. For the MIR129-2, MIR132, MIR148A, MIR203, MIR107 and MIR1258 genes, a higher level of methylation was detected in the BOT patients, compared to the MOT patients. The methylation level of the MIR148A gene in the BOT patients was 4-fold higher than that in the MOT (31.3% vs 7.9%, p = 0.047, multiple two-sided Kruskal-Wallis test). The methylation levels of the miRNA genes MIR148A and MIR191 were significantly reduced in serous cystadenocarcinoma and increased in serous and endometrioid adenocarcinomas. Conclusion: Methylation of the miRNA MIR148A and MIR191 genes is significantly associated with various histological variants of ovarian cancer. We have shown an increased methylation level of a number of miRNA genes in BOT, compared to MOT. In general, epigenetic factors play a role in the clinical differences between histological forms of ovarian cancer and borderline tumors.Обоснование. Пограничные опухоли яичников (ПОЯ) представляют собой промежуточный тип между доброкачественными и злокачественными новообразованиями яичников. Серозные пограничные опухоли имеют общие молекулярные и генетические особенности с серозными карциномами. Ранее было показано повышение уровня метилирования группы генов микроРНК (миРНК) при развитии и прогрессии рака яичников. Однако результаты исследований противоречивы, а их количество недостаточно для формирования единого мнения. В данной работе впервые проведен поиск аберрантно метилированных генов миРНК, специфичных для ПОЯ и некоторых гистологических подтипов рака яичников. Материал и методы. В исследовании использовали выборку из 99 парных (опухоль/норма) образцов опухолей яичников. Анализ метилирования проводился с применением метода количественной метилспецифичной полимеразной цепной реакции. Скрининг биомаркеров ПОЯ выполнен среди 21 гена миРНК. Результаты. Мы обнаружили, что некоторые гены миРНК (MIR124-1, MIR125B-1, MIR129-2, MIR132, MIR148A, MIR193A, MIR203A, MIR107, MIR1258, MIR339) характеризовались высоким уровнем метилирования в группе больных ПОЯ в сравнении с тканями здоровых женщин. При этом в группе больных злокачественными опухолями яичников (ЗОЯ) уровень их метилирования либо отличался незначительно, либо даже снижался. Для генов MIR129-2, MIR132, MIR148A, MIR203, MIR107 и MIR1258 выявлен более высокий уровень метилирования в образцах больных ПОЯ в сравнении с образцами больных ЗОЯ. Уровень метилирования гена MIR148A в ПОЯ был в 4 раза выше, чем в ЗОЯ (31,3% против 7,9%, р = 0,047, множественный двусторонний тест Краскела Уоллиса). Уровни метилирования генов миРНК MIR148A и MIR191 статистически значимо снижены в серозной цистаденокарциноме и повышены в серозной и эндометриоидной аденокарциномах. Заключение. Метилирование генов миРНК MIR148A и MIR191 связано с различными гистологическими вариантами рака яичников. Показан повышенный уровень метилирования ряда генов миРНК в ПОЯ в сравнении с ЗОЯ. В целом отмечено влияние эпигенетических факторов на клинические различия гистологических форм рака яичников и пограничной формы