In vitro toxicological prospection of fungicides containing Difenoconazole or Tebuconazole as active ingredients

The active ingredients (AI) tebuconazole and difenoconazole (classified as toxic to living organisms and potentially mutagen, carcinogen, or teratogen) are part of the composition of widely used fungicides in crops. In 2016 they were found in irregular quantities by ANVISA in their latest report emitted by the Program of Analysis of Agrochemical Waste in Food. Two commercial fungicides containing the active ingredients tebuconazole and difenoconazole were evaluated in cytogenotoxic assays and on different biological molecules. Both active ingredients altered the clotting time of the plasma, and were procoagulants in the majority of the evaluated doses. The two AI acted on blood thrombi exerting thrombotic action and confirming the observed procoagulant potential. In the proteolysis assay, the AI did not alter the structure of fibrinogen under the conditions evaluated. Tebuconazole and Difenoconazole were also cytotoxic to human erythrocytes, as well as induced phospholipid breakdown, confirming their toxicity on membranes. However, under the conditions evaluated, the AI did not alter significantly the mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase activity and did not induce DNA fragmentation. Assuming that changes in human cells and molecules have a cumulative effect, the toxic potential of fungicides might be greater when chronic exposure to their active principles occurs

Determinação de massa fresca, massa seca, água e cinzas totais de folhas de Cissus verticillata (L.) Nicolson & C. E. Jarvis subsp. verticillata e avaliação do processo de secagem em estufa com ventilação forçada.

Cissus verticillata (L.) Nicolson & C. E. Jarvis subsp. verticillata (Vitaceae) é conhecida popularmente como insulina vegetal, cortina japonesa, uva-brava, anil trepador e cipó-pucá e utilizada na medicina popular na forma de chá das folhas no tratamento da diabetes, como antiinflamatório, antiepilético, antihipertensivo, antitérmico, antireumático, antigripal e contra infecções respiratórias. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os teores de massa fresca, massa seca, percentual de água e percentual de cinzas totais, visando melhoria das condições de secagem, armazenamento, dispensação e uso pela população. As folhas da espécie foram coletadas no bairro Antônio Dias, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram selecionadas, lavadas e secas em estufa com ventilação forçada à 45ºC e determinou-se as cinzas totais e perda por dessecação (através do método gravimétrico), ambos de acordo com a Farmacopéia Brasileira. Os resultados mostraram que as folhas de C. verticillata subsp. verticillata possuem alto teor de água. O processo de secagem em estufa de ventilação forçada, a temperatura de 45ºC, foi eficaz, proporcionando folhas com 11,47% de umidade e 17,99% de cinzas totais

The HLA-DRB1 Alleles Effects on Multiple Sclerosis:a Systematic Review

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that affects sensitive and motor functions. Many population studies were made with the intent of knowing better the most affected groups and the disease manifestations. These review analyses some of those studies, evaluating risk factors, especially genetic relations of Human Leukocyte Antigen DRB1 (HLADRB1) gens, for developing clinical disease.Method: We have analyzed 57 articles, published between 2009 and 2014, with the key words “multiple sclerosisâ€, “genetic association studies†and “HLA-DRB1 chainsâ€, through the Scopus database. Only 18 articles were eligible for our study; they were read entirely and included in the fial analysis.Results: Most studies imply genetic and environmental factors for the incidence of MS, its age of starting and prognosis. Previous studies have shown that many gens are related in MS pathogenesis and that interactions between them are important in determining clinicalmanifestations.Limitations: Different results were observed when different populations were targeted in the studies.Conclusion: There is an important relation between HLA-DRB1 and MS in diverse population groups. Complementary studies are needed to know better the importance of environmental factors and its interaction with gens in the development of MS

Responsiveness of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) is related to dental treatment complexity

Abstract\ud \ud Background\ud The responsiveness of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) has varied greatly across studies; hence, we hypothesized that this discrepancy could be related to the complexity of dental treatment received. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the responsiveness of the ECOHIS to changes in oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) following dental treatments of varying complexity in preschool children.\ud \ud \ud Methods\ud Preschool children aged 3 to 6 years were selected; their parents responded to the ECOHIS at baseline. The parents responded to the ECOHIS again and a global transition question 30 days after the children were treated. The type of treatment received by the children was categorized according to complexity, as follows: 1) non-operative treatment only, 2) restorative treatment, and 3) endodontic treatment and/or tooth extraction. Change scores and effect sizes (ES) were calculated for total scores, as well as considering the different treatment types and global transition question responses.\ud \ud \ud Results\ud Of the 152 children who completed the study, the ECOHIS yielded large ES for total scores (0.89). The children showed increasing ES values associated with better perception of improvement, assessed by the global transition question. The magnitude of ES after treatment was related to treatment complexity (0.53, 0.92 and 1.43, for children who received non-operative treatment only, restorative treatment, and endodontic treatment and/or tooth extraction, respectively).\ud \ud \ud Conclusions\ud Parents whose children required more complex dental treatment are more likely to perceive treatment-related changes to OHRQoL assessed with the ECOHIS.The study was funded by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico\ud e Tecnológico – CNPq (Grants # 471817/2012–0 and 306,304/2015–5),\ud Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo – FAPESP (Grant #\ud 2012/24243–7), and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível\ud Superior (CAPES)

Assessment of pharmacological activity of Cissus verticillata Nicolson & C. E. Jarvis subsp. verticillata as antioxidant, antifungal, hypoglycaemic and healing.

A espécie Cissus verticillata (L.) Nicolson & C. E. Jarvis subsp. verticillata é conhecida popularmente como “insulina vegetal” e utilizada popularmente como hipoglicemiante. Neste trabalho avaliou-se primeiramente o processo de coleta e secagem da amostra vegetal e a qualidade de amostras comerciais de “insulina vegetal”. O material vegetal foi coletado em Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, e a exsicata depositada no Herbário José Badini da UFOP (OUPR 20570). As folhas de C. verticillata verticillata possuem teor de água de 85,52%. O processo de secagem em estufa de ventilação forçada, a temperatura de 45ºC, foi eficaz, proporcionando folhas com teor de 11,47% de umidade e 17,99% de cinzas totais. Nas amostras comerciais de “Insulina vegetal” foram encontrados altos valores na carga de mesófilos aeróbios. O perfil cromatográfico de C. verticillata verticillata confirmou a presença de rutina na fração acetato de etila das folhas. Também foi avaliado a atividade antioxidante através da determinação de compostos fenólicos totais e metodologia do DPPH. A quantificação de compostos fenólicos totais em EHA, FD e FA foi respectivamente 381,0, 52,0 e 2574,0 mg/mL em equivalentes de ácido tânico. A atividade antioxidante determinada através da metodologia do DPPH foi de 11,68, 20,24 e 70,06% em EHA, FD e FA respectivamente. Determinou-se a atividade antifúngica visando novos compostos antifúngicos de origem vegetal que possam auxiliar a terapêutica. A FD teve CIM de 125 xxii µg/mL para C. krusei, e a FC teve CIM de 125 µg/mL para C. tropicallis. Na avaliação da atividade hipoglicemiante a dose de 4,5 mg/Kg reduziu a glicemia em 35% e a dose de 13,5 mg/Kg foi a mais eficaz, reduzindo a glicemia em 60% aos 28 dias. Nenhuma das doses testadas alterou os níveis plasmáticos de insulina. A dose de 13,5 mg/Kg reduziu os níveis de triglicerídeos em 70%. O extrato de C.verticillata verticillata auxiliou o processo de cicatrização das feridas cutâneas em coelhos.The species Cissus verticillata (L.) Nicolson & C. E. Jarvis subsp. verticillata is popularly known as “vegetable insulin” and is used in diabetes’ treatment. In this work it was evaluated, at first, the process of crop and drying of the vegetal sample and the commercial sample’s quality of vegetal insulin. The vegetal material was collected in Ouro Preto, Minas Gearais, and the excicata was stored in the José Badini Herbarium of UFOP (OUPR 20570). The leaves of the C. verticillta verticillata have an amount of water by 85,52%. The drying process in the oven with forced ventilation, 45°C of temperature, was efficent, leading to leaves with 11.47% of humidity and 17.99% of total ashes. In the commercial samples of “vegetal Insulin” high values of mesophilic aerobic load were found. Afterwards, it was evaluated the chromatographic profile of C. verticillata verticillata which confirmed the presence of rutin in the fraction ethyl acetate of the leaves. The antioxidant activity was also evaluated by determination of the total phenolics’ compound and the DPPH’s methodology. The quantification of total phenolics’ compounds in EHA, FD and FA was, respectively, 381.0, 52.0 and 2574.0 mg/mL in equivalent of tanic acid. The antioxidant activity by the methodology of DPPH was of 11.68, 20.24 and 70.06 in EHD, FD and FA, respectively. It was determined the antifungal activity aiming at new antifungal compounds of vegetal origin that are able to auxiliary the therapeutics. The FD had CIM of 125 ug/mL for C. krusei, and the FC had CIM of 125 ug/mL for C. xxiv tropicallis. In the evaluation of the hipoglycaemic activity the dose of 4.5 mg/Kg reduced the glycemia by 35% and the dose of 13.5 mg/Kg was more efficent, reducing the glycemia by 60% in 28 days. None of the assessed doses modified the plasmatic levels of insulin. The 13.5 mg/Kg doses reduced the triglycerides levels by 70%. The extract of C.verticillata verticillata helped the process of healing of skin wounds in rabbits

Determinação de massa fresca, massa seca, água e cinzas totais de folhas de Cissus verticillata (L.) Nicolson & C. E. Jarvis subsp. verticillata e avaliação do processo de secagem em estufa com ventilação forçada.

Submitted by Karine Ribeiro ([email protected]) on 2015-04-22T17:20:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ARTIGO_DeterminaçãoMassaSeca.pdf: 56369 bytes, checksum: d5c843f3aeadac46d6134ff4fe6b021b (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Oliveira Flávia ([email protected]) on 2015-04-22T19:35:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ARTIGO_DeterminaçãoMassaSeca.pdf: 56369 bytes, checksum: d5c843f3aeadac46d6134ff4fe6b021b (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-24T18:18:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ARTIGO_DeterminaçãoMassaSeca.pdf: 56369 bytes, checksum: d5c843f3aeadac46d6134ff4fe6b021b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007Cissus verticillata (L.) Nicolson & C. E. Jarvis subsp. verticillata (Vitaceae) é conhecida popularmente como insulina vegetal, cortina japonesa, uva-brava, anil trepador e cipó-pucá e utilizada na medicina popular na forma de chá das folhas no tratamento da diabetes, como antiinflamatório, antiepilético, antihipertensivo, antitérmico, antireumático, antigripal e contra infecções respiratórias. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os teores de massa fresca, massa seca, percentual de água e percentual de cinzas totais, visando melhoria das condições de secagem, armazenamento, dispensação e uso pela população. As folhas da espécie foram coletadas no bairro Antônio Dias, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram selecionadas, lavadas e secas em estufa com ventilação forçada à 45ºC e determinou-se as cinzas totais e perda por dessecação (através do método gravimétrico), ambos de acordo com a Farmacopéia Brasileira. Os resultados mostraram que as folhas de C. verticillata subsp. verticillata possuem alto teor de água. O processo de secagem em estufa de ventilação forçada, a temperatura de 45ºC, foi eficaz, proporcionando folhas com 11,47% de umidade e 17,99% de cinzas totais

Antifungal activity of the leaves of Cissus verticillata (L.) Nicolson & C. E. Jarvis subsp. verticillata against Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis.

A espécie vegetal Cissus verticillata (L.) Nicolson & C. E. Jarvis subsp. verticillata é conhecida como "Insulina vegetal" e utilizada na medicina popular no tratamento da diabetes mellitus. O paciente diabético tem maior risco de infecções urinárias e Candida spp. é o principal gênero envolvido. Avaliou-se a atividade antifúngica do extrato hidroalcoólico e de suas frações frente a Candida albicans ATCC 18804, Candida krusei ATCC 6258, Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 e Candida tropicalis ATCC 750. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que folhas de C. verticillata verticillata têm potencial antifúngico promissor nas frações diclorometano e clorofórmio, com concentração inibitória mínima de 125 μg/mL em C. krusei e em C. tropicalis respectivamente. São necessários novos testes com constituintes químicos isolados dessas frações, buscando atividade superior na inibição do crescimento de Candida spp.The specie Cissus verticillata (L.) Nicolson & C. E. Jarvis subsp. verticillata is known as "Vegetable insulin" and is used in popular medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The diabetic patient has a greater risk of urinary infections, and Candida spp. is the main gender involved. Was evaluated, the antifungal activity of the hydroalcoholic extract and its fractions against Candida albicans ATCC 18804, Candida krusei ATCC 6258, Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 and Candida tropicalis ATCC 750. The results indicated that leaves of C. verticillata verticillata has promising potential antifungal in fractions diclormetano and chloroform, with minimum inhibitory concentration of 125 μg/mL in C. krusei and C. tropicalis respectively. We need new tests with chemical constituents of these fractions isolated, seeking higher activity in inhibiting the growth of Candida spp

Correlation of Cocaine Hydrochloride Samples Seized in Brazil Based on Determination of Residual Solvents: An Innovative Chemometric Method for Determination of Linkage Thresholds

Cocaine sample correlation provides important information in the identification of traffic networks. However, available methods for estimating if samples are linked or not require the use of previous police investigation and forensic expert knowledge regarding the number of classes and provide thresholds that are both static and data set specific. In this paper, a novel unsupervised linkage threshold method (ULT) based on chemometric analysis is described and applied to the analysis of headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-GC/MS) data of more than 250 real cocaine hydrochloride samples seized by Brazilian Federal Police. The method is capable of establishing linkage thresholds that do not require any prior information about the number of classes or distribution of the samples and can be dynamically updated as the data set changes. It is envisaged that the ULT method may also be applied to other forensic expertise areas where limited population knowledge is available and data sets are continually modified with the inflow of new information

Circulating microparticles and thrombin generation in patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) has shown great biological heterogeneity, with a variable prognosis, and a short survival in some patients. In this light, the present study focused on the prognostic utility of circulating microparticles (MPs) and a Thrombin Generation (TG) Profile for thrombotic risk and disease progression in CLL patients. Circulating microparticles and TG were evaluated in 35 patients with CLL and 35 healthy individuals. For circulating microparticles, significant differences were observed among the following groups: MPs derived from endothelial cells (p = 0.002), B lymphocytes (p < 0.001), platelets (p = 0.003), and Tissue Factor MPs in monocytes (p < 0.001). In all cases, MP values were higher for the CLL group. When compared to the controls, CLL patients presented a decrease in TG, characterized by a reduced endogen thrombin potential (ETP) (p = 0.031). When the results were analyzed according to the Binet stage, as compared to the controls, the Binet B+C group also presented lower ETP values (p = 0.009). No significant differences were observed between the control and the Binet A groups or between the Binet A and the Binet B + C groups. Although hemostatic alterations may occur in patients with CLL, these parameters do not seem to be useful to indicate disease progression

Evaluation of miR-15a, miR-16-1, ZAP-70, Ang-2, and Bcl-2 as potential prognostic biomarkers in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a blood cancer characterized by the accumulation of clonal B-lymphocytes. This study evaluated the mRNA gene expression of miR-15a, miR-16- 1, ZAP-70, and Ang-2 by qPCR, as well as the plasma levels of Bcl-2 by Elisa immunoassay, in CLL patients and healthy controls. Significant differences were observed when comparing patients and controls regarding miR-15a (p < 0.001), miR-16-1 (p < 0.001) mRNA, Ang-2 gene expression, and Bcl-2 plasma levels (p < 0.001). When stratified by risk, differences were maintained with a significantly reduced expression in high-risk patients. A positive correlation was observed between miR-15a and platelets (R2 = 0.340; p = 0.009) as well as between Bcl-2 and leukocytes (R2 = 0.310; p = 0.019). Conversely, negative correlations were observed between ZAP-70 and platelets (R2 = - 0.334; p = 0.011), between miR-15a and lymphocytes (R2 = - 0.376; p = 0.004), as well as between miR-16-and lymphocytes (R2 = - 0.515; p = 0.00004). The data suggest that a reduction in miR-15a and miR-16-1 expressions, in addition to an overexpression of Bcl-2, are associated with the reduction in apoptosis and, consequently, to a longer survival of lymphocytes, thus contributing to lymphocyte accumulation and aggravation of the disease. By contrast, Ang-2 expression was significantly higher in A than in B + C Binet groups. This context leads to the speculation that this biomarker should be investigated in more robust studies within populations with a still relevantly indolent form of the disease in an attempt to identify those patients with a greater potential for an aggravation of the disease