Adição de fontes de nitrogênio e duas linhagens de levedura na fermentação alcoólica para produção de cachaça

Neste trabalho foi avaliado a influência de duas linhagens de levedura, baixa fermentação (Saflager) e alta fermentação (Safbrew), três fontes de nitrogênio (sulfato de amônio, peptona de caseína e um pool de aminoácidos, nas concentrações 5 g/L e 25 g/L, e o controle (sem adição de nitrogênio), na cinética de fermentação e na composição da cachaça. Os parâmetros da cinética de fermentação foram: pH, acidez total, teor de sólidos solúveis e o teor alcoólico, em amostras coletadas em 12, 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas de fermentação. A média de concentração final de etanol nos mostos foi de 7,7 ºGL. As amostras de cachaça foram analisadas por cromatografia a gás, sendo que os alcoóis superiores, propan-1-ol, álcool isobutílico e isoamílico tiveram comportamentos diferentes para as linhagens de leveduras de baixa fermentação e alta fermentação. A concentração de 5 g/L das fontes nitrogenadas já foi suficiente para elevar as concentrações  dos alcoóis superiores nas amostras de cachaça. DOI: 244694160101201504

PERCEPÇÃO DOS INTEGRANTES DA RELIGIÃO AFRO-BRASILEIRA SOBRE O USO DA FITOTERAPIA EM FORTALEZA/CE

Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a percepção dos integrantes de um terreiro de Candomblé/Umbanda sobre os tratamentos fitoterápicos utilizados em Fortaleza, Ceará. Refere-se a um estudo do descritivo e exploratório, orientado pelo procedimento etnográfico. Avaliou-se 12 integrantes entre 25 e 75 anos, por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada. Os registros foram aferidos pelo método da Análise de Discurso Crítico (ADC). A densidade da religião afro-brasileira revela a importância da imersão da pesquisa na análise, na tentativa de apreciar suas práticas de tratamento com as plantas e sua dinâmica social numa perspectiva de saúde. No acolhimento aos fieis que procuram o Candomblé para livrá-los de algum “mal” de saúde, o babalorixá os trata comumente com preparos de plantas nativas, tradição africana vida da escravidão que foi transmitida bem como adaptada oralmente. Nisso, investigamos com o sacerdote sobre a “cura” fitoterápica no Candomblé, evidenciou-se assim que a força da religião está na prática dos banhos com o uso auxiliar de chás, associado com a fé, e que a procura maior é para solucionar problemas psíquicos e amorosos, geralmente, depressão, insônia ou visões. Verificou-se a necessidade de trabalhar cientificamente essas temáticas. Isso com capacitação e empoderamento profissional, pois com o pertencimento sociocultural pode se gerir com mais equidade a saúde dessas comunidades.

Anatomy Teaching at the School of Health Sciences of University of Minho

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mercury toxicity in the Amazon: contrast sensitivity and color discrimination of subjects exposed to mercury

We measured visual performance in achromatic and chromatic spatial tasks of mercury-exposed subjects and compared the results with norms obtained from healthy individuals of similar age. Data were obtained for a group of 28 mercury-exposed subjects, comprising 20 Amazonian gold miners, 2 inhabitants of Amazonian riverside communities, and 6 laboratory technicians, who asked for medical care. Statistical norms were generated by testing healthy control subjects divided into three age groups. The performance of a substantial proportion of the mercury-exposed subjects was below the norms in all of these tasks. Eleven of 20 subjects (55%) performed below the norms in the achromatic contrast sensitivity task. The mercury-exposed subjects also had lower red-green contrast sensitivity deficits at all tested spatial frequencies (9/11 subjects; 81%). Three gold miners and 1 riverine (4/19 subjects, 21%) performed worse than normal subjects making more mistakes in the color arrangement test. Five of 10 subjects tested (50%), comprising 2 gold miners, 2 technicians, and 1 riverine, performed worse than normal in the color discrimination test, having areas of one or more MacAdam ellipse larger than normal subjects and high color discrimination thresholds at least in one color locus. These data indicate that psychophysical assessment can be used to quantify the degree of visual impairment of mercury-exposed subjects. They also suggest that some spatial tests such as the measurement of red-green chromatic contrast are sufficiently sensitive to detect visual dysfunction caused by mercury toxicity

PREVALENCE OF Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar IN THE CITY OF CAMPINA GRANDE, IN NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL

There is a clear need to perform epidemiological studies to find the true prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica around the world. The evaluation of this prevalence has been hindered by the existence of two different species which are morphologically identical, but genetically different, namely E. histolytica, which causes amebiasis, and E. dispar, which is non-pathogenic. In Brazil, the E. dispar has been detected in communities in the Southeastern (SE) and Northeastern (NE) regions with poor sanitation. However, individuals infected with E. histolytica have been identified in other regions. There is an absence of reports on the prevalence of these parasites in the state of Paraíba, which also has areas with poor sanitary conditions where a high prevalence of the E. histolytica/E. dispar complex has been detected in children from urban slums. The present study evaluated the prevalence of E. histolytica and E. dispar in 1,195 asymptomatic children between two and 10 years of age, living in a sprawling urban slum in Campina Grande, in the state of Paraíba, in Northeastern Brazil. These children were examined and their feces samples were analyzed microscopically. A total of 553 children tested positive for the E. histolytica/E. dispar complex, and 456 of the positive samples were tested with the E. histolytica II® ELISA kit. All 456 samples were negative for the presence of the adhesin E. histolytica specific antigen. The evidence suggests that in this community E. histolytica is absent and E. dispar is the dominant species

Nursing care practices at an outpatient care center from an integrative perspective

AIM: to analyze nursing care practices at a Specialized Outpatient Care Center from the perspective of an integrative health care activity. METHOD: Interviews with 24 nursing professionals were undertaken. For data analysis, Thematic Content Analysis as proposed by Bardin was applied, resulting in the following themes: the team size and its commitment to health care; professional practices and activity of the nursing team. RESULTS: The size of the nursing team was considered insufficient, which compromises the quality of care and results in work overload and dissatisfaction of the nursing professionals. On the other hand, they were satisfied with the tasks performed day-to-day and related integrality to individual care, considered it essential and usually practiced it daily. CONCLUSION: It is considered that the nursing team has the potential and commitment to develop their care practice combined with the integrative perspective, and therefore providing quality health care to the population.OBJETIVO: analizar las prácticas de Enfermería en un ambulatorio de especialidades, en la perspectiva de la integralidad de las acciones en salud. MÉTODO: Fueron realizadas entrevistas con 24 profesionales de enfermería. Para análisis de los datos se utilizó el análisis de contenido, llegando a los temas: el dimensionamiento y comprometimiento con el servicio de salud; actividades y las prácticas del equipo de enfermería. RESULTADOS: Con relación a lo dimensionamiento, fue revelado que el equipo es insuficiente, comprometiendo la asistencia de calidad, resultando en sobrecarga y descontentamiento de los profesionales. Sin embargo, las personas se mostraran satisfechas con las tareas practicadas en el cotidiano, relacionando la integralidad al cuidado individual, percibido por los profesionales como esencial y, comúnmente, practicado en su cotidiano. CONCLUSIÓN: se considera que el equipo de enfermería tiene potencialidad y comprometimiento para desarrollar su práctica articulada con el principio de la integralidad, atendiendo las necesidades de salud de la población con calidad de la asistencia.OBJETIVO: analisar as práticas de enfermagem em um Ambulatório de Especialidades, na perspectiva da integralidade das ações em saúde. MÉTODO: foram realizadas entrevistas com 24 profissionais de enfermagem. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se a Análise de Conteúdo, chegando aos temas: o dimensionamento e comprometimento com o Serviço de Saúde; atividades e as práticas da equipe de enfermagem. RESULTADOS: em relação ao dimensionamento, foi revelado que a equipe é insuficiente, comprometendo a assistência de qualidade, resultando em sobrecarga e descontentamento dos profissionais, contudo, mostraram-se satisfeitos com as tarefas praticadas no cotidiano, relacionando a integralidade ao cuidado individual, percebida pelos profissionais como essencial e, usualmente, praticada no seu cotidiano. CONCLUSÃO: considera-se que a equipe de enfermagem tem potencialidade e comprometimento para desenvolver sua prática articulada ao princípio da integralidade, atendendo as necessidades de saúde da população com qualidade de assistência

Understanding the clinical spectrum of complicated Plasmodium vivax malaria: a systematic review on the contributions of the Brazilian literature

The resurgence of the malaria eradication agenda and the increasing number of severe manifestation reports has contributed to a renewed interested in the Plasmodium vivax infection. It is the most geographically widespread parasite causing human malaria, with around 2.85 billion people living under risk of infection. The Brazilian Amazon region reports more than 50% of the malaria cases in Latin America and since 1990 there is a marked predominance of this species, responsible for 85% of cases in 2009. However, only a few complicated cases of P. vivax have been reported from this region. A systematic review of the Brazilian indexed and non-indexed literature on complicated cases of vivax malaria was performed including published articles, masters' dissertations, doctoral theses and national congresses' abstracts. The following information was retrieved: patient characteristics (demographic, presence of co-morbidities and, whenever possible, associated genetic disorders); description of each major clinical manifestation. As a result, 27 articles, 28 abstracts from scientific events' annals and 13 theses/dissertations were found, only after 1987. Most of the reported information was described in small case series and case reports of patients from all the Amazonian states, and also in travellers from Brazilian non-endemic areas. The more relevant clinical complications were anaemia, thrombocytopaenia, jaundice and acute respiratory distress syndrome, present in all age groups, in addition to other more rare clinical pictures. Complications in pregnant women were also reported. Acute and chronic co-morbidities were frequent, however death was occasional. Clinical atypical cases of malaria are more frequent than published in the indexed literature, probably due to a publication bias. In the Brazilian Amazon (considered to be a low to moderate intensity area of transmission), clinical data are in accordance with the recent findings of severity described in diverse P. vivax endemic areas (especially anaemia in Southeast Asia), however in this region both children and adults are affected. Finally, gaps of knowledge and areas for future research are opportunely pointed out