Penerapan Metode Color Filtering dan Learning Vector Quantization dalam Penentuan Tingkat Kematangan Cake Dasar Putih

Cake merupakan panganan yang terbuat dari campuran bahan-bahan seperti tepung, gula, telur, garam, susu, aroma dan lemak yang dikembangkan dengan atau tanpa bahan pengembang. Penentuan tingkat kematangan cake dasar putih dilakukan berdasarkan grade warna permukaan pada saat proses pemanggangan. Namun hal ini sering menjadi kendala karena faktor persepsi komposisi warna setiap orang berbeda-beda. Pengambilan data citra menggunakan kamera 3.2 mp dan 13 mp, setelah itu citra disegmentasi dengan color filtering untuk membuang pixels yang mengandung efek lighting. Tahap selanjutnya yaitu ekstraksi ciri warna RGB kemudian dilakukan pelatihan dengan metode Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ). Hasilnya aplikasi mampu menentukan tingkat kematangan kue cake dasar putih dengan rata-rata akurasi 65,19% dan cake dasar cokelat sebagai kelas validasi 96,88% untuk kamera 3.2 mp sementara pada kamera 13 mp rata-rata akurasi 64,93% dan cake dasar cokelat sebagai kelas validasi yaitu 93,75%. Keberhasilan identifikasi dipengaruhi oleh faktor pencahayaan dalam ruangan, jarak pengambilan dan wadah penampung

Direct generation of local orbitals for multireference treatment and subsequent uses for the calculation of the correlation energy

We present a method that uses the one-particle density matrix to generate directly localized orbitals dedicated to multireference wave functions. On one hand, it is shown that the definition of local orbitals making possible physically justified truncations of the CAS ~complete active space! is particularly adequate for the treatment of multireference problems. On the other hand, as it will be shown in the case of bond breaking, the control of the spatial location of the active orbitals may permit description of the desired physics with a smaller number of active orbitals than when starting from canonical molecular orbitals. The subsequent calculation of the dynamical correlation energy can be achieved with a lower computational effort either due to this reduction of the active space, or by truncation of the CAS to a shorter set of references. The ground- and excited-state energies are very close to the current complete active space self-consistent field ones and several examples of multireference singles and doubles calculations illustrate the interest of the procedur

Mutations in the histone methyltransferase gene KMT2B cause complex early-onset dystonia.

Histone lysine methylation, mediated by mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) proteins, is now known to be critical in the regulation of gene expression, genomic stability, cell cycle and nuclear architecture. Despite MLL proteins being postulated as essential for normal development, little is known about the specific functions of the different MLL lysine methyltransferases. Here we report heterozygous variants in the gene KMT2B (also known as MLL4) in 27 unrelated individuals with a complex progressive childhood-onset dystonia, often associated with a typical facial appearance and characteristic brain magnetic resonance imaging findings. Over time, the majority of affected individuals developed prominent cervical, cranial and laryngeal dystonia. Marked clinical benefit, including the restoration of independent ambulation in some cases, was observed following deep brain stimulation (DBS). These findings highlight a clinically recognizable and potentially treatable form of genetic dystonia, demonstrating the crucial role of KMT2B in the physiological control of voluntary movement.Funding for the project was provided by the Wellcome Trust for UK10K (WT091310) and DDD Study. The DDD study presents independent research commissioned by the Health Innovation Challenge Fund [grant number HICF-1009-003] - see www.ddduk.org/access.html for full acknowledgement. This work was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Human Genome Research Institute and the Common Fund, NIH Office of the Director. This work was supported in part by the German Ministry of Research and Education (grant nos. 01GS08160 and 01GS08167; German Mental Retardation Network) as part of the National Genome Research Network to A.R. and D.W. and by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (AB393/2-2) to A.R. Brain expression data was provided by the UK Human Brain Expression Consortium (UKBEC), which comprises John A. Hardy, Mina Ryten, Michael Weale, Daniah Trabzuni, Adaikalavan Ramasamy, Colin Smith and Robert Walker, affiliated with UCL Institute of Neurology (J.H., M.R., D.T.), King’s College London (M.R., M.W., A.R.) and the University of Edinburgh (C.S., R.W.)

Probing hemoglobin structure by means of traveling-wave ion mobility mass spectrometry

Hemoglobin (Hb) is a tetrameric noncovalent complex consisting of two alpha- and two beta-globin chains each associated with a heme group. Its exact assembly pathway is a matter of debate. Disorders of hemoglobin are the most common inherited disorders and subsequently the molecule has been extensively studied. This work attempts to further elucidate the structural properties of the hemoglobin tetramer and its components. Gas-phase conformations of hemoglobin tetramers and their constituents were investigated by means of traveling-wave ion mobility mass spectrometry. Sickle (HbS) and normal (HbA) hemoglobin molecules were analyzed to determine whether conformational differences in their quaternary structure could be observed. Rotationally averaged collision cross sections were estimated for tetramer, dimer, apo-, and holo-monomers with reference to a protein standard with known cross sections. Estimates of cross section obtained for the tetramers were compared to values calculated from X-ray crystallographic structures. HbS was consistently estimated to have a larger cross section than that of HbA, comparable with values obtained from X-ray crystallographic structures. Nontetrameric species observed included apo- and holo- forms of alpha- and beta-monomers and heterodimers: alpha- and beta-monomers in both apo- and holo- forms were found to have similar cross sections, suggesting they maintain a similar fold in the gas phase in both the presence and the absence of heme. Heme-deficient dimer, observed in the spectrum when analyzing commercially prepared Hb, was not observed when analyzing fresh blood. This implies that holo-alpha-apo-beta is not an essential intermediate within the Hb assembly pathway, as previously proposed. (J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2009, 20, 625-631) (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Society for Mass Spectrometr