Weighted Banach spaces of harmonic functions

“The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13398-012-0109-z."We study Banach spaces of harmonic functions on open sets of or endowed with weighted supremum norms. We investigate the harmonic associated weight defined naturally as the analogue of the holomorphic associated weight introduced by Bierstedt, Bonet, and Taskinen and we compare them. We study composition operators with holomorphic symbol between weighted Banach spaces of pluriharmonic functions characterizing the continuity, the compactness and the essential norm of composition operators among these spaces in terms of associated weights.The research of the first author was partially supported by MEC and FEDER Project MTM2010-15200 and by GV project ACOMP/2012/090.Jorda Mora, E.; Zarco García, AM. (2014). Weighted Banach spaces of harmonic functions. Revista de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales. Serie A. Matematicas. 108(2):405-418. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13398-012-0109-zS4054181082Axler, S., Bourdon, P., Ramey, W.: Harmonic Function Theory, 2nd edn. Springer, Berlin (2001)Bierstedt, K.D., Bonet, J., Galbis, A.: Weighted spaces of holomorphic functions on balanced domains. Mich. Math. J. 40(2), 271–297 (1993)Bierstedt, K.D., Bonet, J., Taskinen, J.: Associated weights and spaces of holomorphic functions. Stud. Math. 127(2), 137–168 (1998)Bierstedt, K.D., Summers, W.H.: Biduals of weighted Banach spaces of analytic functions. J. Aust. Math. Soc. Ser. A 54(1), 70–79 (1993)Bonet, J., Domański, P., Lindström, M.: Essential norm and weak compactness of composition operators on weighted Banach spaces of analytic functions. Can. Math. Bull. 42(2), 139–148 (1999)Bonet, J., Domański, P., Lindström, M.: Weakly compact composition operators on weighted vector-valued Banach spaces of analytic mappings. Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn. Math. Ser. A I 26, 233–248 (2001)Bonet, J., Domański, P., Lindström, M., Taskinen, J.: Composition operators between weighted Banach spaces of analytic functions. J. Aust. Math. Soc. Ser. A 64, 101–118 (1998)Bonet, J., Friz, M., Jordá, E.: Composition operators between weighted inductive limits of spaces of holomorphic functions. Publ. Math. Debr. Ser. A 67, 333–348 (2005)Boyd, C., Rueda, P.: The v-boundary of weighted spaces of holomorphic functions. Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn. Math. 30, 337–352 (2005)Boyd, C., Rueda, P.: Complete weights and v-peak points of spaces of weighted holomorphic functions. Isr. J. Math. 155, 57–80 (2006)Boyd, C., Rueda, P.: Isometries of weighted spaces of harmonic functions. Potential Anal. 29(1), 37–48 (2008)Carando, D., Sevilla-Peris, P.: Spectra of weighted algebras of holomorphic functions. Math. Z. 263, 887–902 (2009)Contreras, M.D., Hernández-Díaz, G.: Weighted composition operators in weighted Banach spaces of analytic functions. J. Aust. Math. Soc. Ser. A 69(1), 41–60 (2000)García, D., Maestre, M., Rueda, P.: Weighted spaces of holomorphic functions on Banach spaces. Stud. Math. 138(1), 1–24 (2000)García, D., Maestre, M., Sevilla-Peris, P.: Composition operators between weighted spaces of holomorphic functions on Banach spaces. Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn. Math. 29, 81–98 (2004)Gunning, R., Rossi, H.: Analytic Functions of Several Complex Variables. AMS Chelsea Publishing, Providence (2009)Hoffman, K.: Banach Spaces of Analytic Functions. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1962)Krantz, S.G.: Function Theory of Several Complex Variables. AMS, Providence (2001)Lusky, W.: On weighted spaces of harmonic and holomorphic functions. J. Lond. Math. Soc. 51, 309–320 (1995)Lusky, W.: On the isomorphism classes of weighted spaces of harmonic and holomorphic functions. Stud. Math. 175(1), 19–45 (2006)Meise, R., Vogt, D.: Introduction to Functional Analysis. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1997)Montes-Rodríguez, A.: Weight composition operators on weighted Banach spaces of analytic functions. J. Lond. Math. Soc. 61(2), 872–884 (2000)Ng, K.F.: On a theorem of Diximier. Math. Scand. 29, 279–280 (1972)Rudin, W.: Real and Complex Analysis. MacGraw-Hill, NY (1970)Rudin, W.: Functional analysis. In: International series in pure and applied mathematics, 2nd edn. McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York (1991)Shields, A.L., Williams, D.L.: Bounded projections, duality and multipliers in spaces of harmonic functions. J. Reine Angew. Math. 299(300), 256–279 (1978)Shields, A.L., Williams, D.L.: Bounded projections and the growth of harmonic conjugates in the unit disc. Mich. Math. J. 29, 3–25 (1982)Zheng, L.: The essential norms and spectra of composition operators on $$H^\infty$$ . Pac. J. Math. 203(2), 503–510 (2002

SMARCB1/INI1 germline mutations contribute to 10% of sporadic schwannomatosis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Schwannomatosis is a disease characterized by multiple non-vestibular schwannomas. Although biallelic <it>NF2 </it>mutations are found in schwannomas, no germ line event is detected in schwannomatosis patients. In contrast, germline mutations of the <it>SMARCB1 </it>(<it>INI1</it>) tumor suppressor gene were described in familial and sporadic schwannomatosis patients.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>To delineate the <it>SMARCB1 </it>gene contribution, the nine coding exons were sequenced in a series of 56 patients affected with a variable number of non-vestibular schwannomas.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Nine variants scattered along the sequence of <it>SMARCB1 </it>were identified. Five of them were classified as deleterious. All five patients carrying a <it>SMARCB1 </it>mutation had more multiple schwannomas, corresponding to 10.2% of patients with schwannomatosis. They were also diagnosed before 35 years of age.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These results suggest that patients with schwannomas have a significant probability of carrying a <it>SMARCB1 </it>mutation. Combined with data available from other studies, they confirm the clinical indications for genetic screening of the <it>SMARCB1 </it>gene.</p

Impact of Ultra High-risk Genetics on Real-world Outcomes of Transplant-eligible Multiple Myeloma Patients.

Refined prediction of early relapse following standard-of-care (SoC) autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) could inform real-world risk-stratified post-ASCT strategies. We investigated the impact of double hit genetics (≥2 adverse markers: t(4;14), t(14;16), t(14;20), gain(1q), del(17p)) on outcome in 139 NDMM patients who underwent SoC ASCT between January 2014 and October 2019 at our center. Double hit genetics were associated with a significantly shortened progression-free survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.27, P < 0.001) and overall survival (HR = 4.01, P = 0.03), and characterized most early relapses. Our results support the real-world utility of extended genetic profiling for improved risk prediction in NDMM

Biotic and abiotic retention, recycling and remineralization of metals in the ocean

Trace metals shape both the biogeochemical functioning and biological structure of oceanic provinces. Trace metal biogeochemistry has primarily focused on modes of external supply of metals from aeolian, hydrothermal, sedimentary and other sources. However, metals also undergo internal transformations such as abiotic and biotic retention, recycling and remineralization. The role of these internal transformations in metal biogeochemical cycling is now coming into focus. First, the retention of metals by biota in the surface ocean for days, weeks or months depends on taxon-specific metal requirements of phytoplankton, and on their ultimate fate: that is, viral lysis, senescence, grazing and/or export to depth. Rapid recycling of metals in the surface ocean can extend seasonal productivity by maintaining higher levels of metal bioavailability compared to the influence of external metal input alone. As metal-containing organic particles are exported from the surface ocean, different metals exhibit distinct patterns of remineralization with depth. These patterns are mediated by a wide range of physicochemical and microbial processes such as the ability of particles to sorb metals, and are influenced by the mineral and organic characteristics of sinking particles. We conclude that internal metal transformations play an essential role in controlling metal bioavailability, phytoplankton distributions and the subsurface resupply of metals

Analysis of the corporate political activity of major food industry actors in Fiji

BACKGROUND: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of mortality in Fiji, a middle-income country in the Pacific. Some food products processed sold and marketed by the food industry are major contributors to the NCD epidemic, and the food industry is widely identified as having strong economic and political power. However, little research has been undertaken on the attempts by the food industry to influence public health-related policies and programs in its favour. The "corporate political activity" (CPA) of the food industry includes six strategies (information and messaging; financial incentives; constituency building; legal strategies; policy substitution; opposition fragmentation and destabilisation). For this study, we aimed to gain a detailed understanding of the CPA strategies and practices of major food industry actors in Fiji, interpreted through a public health lens. METHODS AND RESULTS: We implemented a systematic approach to monitor the CPA of the food industry in Fiji for three months. It consisted of document analysis of relevant publicly available information. In parallel, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 10 stakeholders involved in diet- and/or public health-related issues in Fiji. Both components of the study were thematically analysed. We found evidence that the food industry adopted a diverse range of strategies in an attempt to influence public policy in Fiji, with all six CPA strategies identified. Participants identified that there is a substantial risk that the widespread CPA of the food industry could undermine efforts to address NCDs in Fiji. CONCLUSIONS: Despite limited public disclosure of information, such as data related to food industry donations to political parties and lobbying, we were able to identify many CPA practices used by the food industry in Fiji. Greater transparency from the food industry and the government would help strengthen efforts to increase their accountability and support NCD prevention. In other low- and middle-income countries, it is likely that a systematic document analysis approach would also need to be supplemented with key informant interviews to gain insight into this important influence on NCD prevention

Red clover-derived isoflavones and mammographic breast density: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial [ISRCTN42940165]

INTRODUCTION: Isoflavones are hypothesized to protect against breast cancer, but it is not clear whether they act as oestrogens or anti-oestrogens in breast tissue. Our aim was to determine the effects of taking a red clover-derived isoflavone supplement daily for 1 year on mammographic breast density. Effects on oestradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), lymphocyte tyrosine kinase activity and menopausal symptoms were also assessed. METHODS: A total of 205 women (age range 49–65 years) with Wolfe P2 or DY mammographic breast patterns were randomly assigned to receive either a red clover-derived isoflavone tablet (26 mg biochanin A, 16 mg formononetin, 1 mg genistein and 0.5 mg daidzein) or placebo. Change in mammographic breast density, serum oestradiol, FSH, LH, menopausal symptoms and lymphocyte tyrosine kinase activity from baseline to 12 months were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 177 women completed the trial. Mammographic breast density decreased in both groups but the difference between the treatment and placebo was not statistically significant. There was a significant interaction between treatment group and oestrogen receptor (ESR1) PvuII polymorphism for the change in estimated percentage breast density (mean ± standard deviation): TT isoflavone 1.4 ± 12.3% and TT placebo -9.6 ± 14.2%; CT isoflavone -5.2 ± 12.0% and CT placebo -2.8 ± 10.3%; and CC isoflavone -3.4 ± 9.7% and CC placebo -1.1 ± 9.5%. There were no statistically significant treatment effects on oestradiol, FSH, or LH (assessed only in postmenopausal women), or on lymphocyte tyrosine kinase activity. Baseline levels of menopausal symptoms were low, and there were no statistically significant treatment effects on frequency of hot flushes or other menopausal symptoms. CONCLUSION: In contrast to studies showing that conventional hormone replacement therapies increase mammographic breast density, the isoflavone supplement did not increase mammographic breast density in this population of women. Furthermore, there were no effects on oestradiol, gonadotrophins, lymphocyte tyrosine kinase activity, or menopausal symptoms

Maintenance lenalidomide in newly diagnosed transplant eligible and non-eligible myeloma patients; profiling second primary malignancies in 4358 patients treated in the Myeloma XI Trial

\ua9 2023 The AuthorsBackground: Early trials of long-term lenalidomide use reported an increased incidence of second primary malignancy (SPM), including acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Later, meta-analysis suggested the link to be secondary to lenalidomide in combination with melphalan. Methods: Myeloma XI is a large, phase III randomised trial in-which lenalidomide was used at induction and maintenance, in transplant eligible (TE) and non-eligible (TNE) newly diagnosed patients (NCT01554852). Here we present an analysis of SPM incidence and profile the SPM type to determine the impact of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and lenalidomide exposure in 4358 patients treated on study. Data collection took place from the start of the trial in May 2010, to May 2019, as per the protocol timeline. The Median follow-up following maintenance randomisation was 54.5 and 46.1 months for TE and TNE patients, respectively. Findings: In the TE pathway, the overall SPM incidence was 7.7% in lenalidomide maintenance patients compared to 3.2% in those being observed (p = 0.006). Although the TNE lenalidomide maintenance patients had the greatest SPM incidence (15.4%), this was not statistically significant when compared to the observed patients (10%, p = 0.10). The SPM incidence was higher in patients who received lenalidomide at induction and maintenance (double exposure), when compared to those treated with lenalidomide at one time point (single exposure). Again, this was most marked in TNE patients where the overall SPM incidence was 16.9% in double exposed patients, compared to 11.7% in single exposed patients, and 11.2% in patients who did not receive lenalidomide (p = 0.04). This is likely an effect of treatment duration, with the median number of cycles being 27 in the TNE double exposed patients, vs 6 in the single exposure patients. Haematological SPMs were uncommon, diagnosed in 50 patients (incidence 1.1%). The majority of cases were diagnosed in TE patients treated with lenalidomide maintenance (n = 25, incidence 2.8%), suggesting a possible link with melphalan. Non-melanoma skin cancer incidence was highest in patients receiving lenalidomide maintenance, particularly in TNE patients, where squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma were diagnosed in 5.5% and 2.6% of patients, respectively. The incidence of most solid tumour types was higher in lenalidomide maintenance patients. Mortality due to progressive myeloma was reduced in patients receiving lenalidomide maintenance, noted to be 16.6% compared 22.6% in those observed in TE patients and 32.7% compared to 41.5% in TNE patients. SPM related mortality was low, 1.8% and 6.1% in TE and TNE lenalidomide maintenance patients, respectively, compared to 0.4% and 2.8% in those being observed. Interpretation: This provides reassurance that long-term lenalidomide treatment is safe and associated with improved outcomes in TE and TNE populations, although monitoring for SPM development should be incorporated into clinic review processes. Funding: Primary financial support was from Cancer Research UK [ C1298/A10410]

Male breast cancer

Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease representing less than 1% of all breast cancers (BC) and less than 1% of cancers in men. Age at presentation is mostly in the late 60s. MBC is recognized as an estrogen-driven disease, specifically related to hyperestrogenism. About 20% of MBC patients have family history for BC. Mutations in BRCA1 and, predominantly, BRCA2, account for approximately 10% of MBC cases. Because of its rarity, MBC is often compared with female BC (FBC). Based on age-frequency distribution, age-specific incidence rate patterns and prognostic factors profiles, MBC is considered similar to late-onset, postmenopausal estrogen/progesterone receptor positive (ER+/PR+) FBC. However, clinical and pathological characteristics of MBC do not exactly overlap FBC. Compared with FBC, MBC has been reported to occur later in life, present at a higher stage, and display lower histologic grade, with a higher proportion of ER+ and PR+ tumors. Although rare, MBC remains a substantial cause for morbidity and mortality in men, probably because of its occurrence in advanced age and delayed diagnosis. Diagnosis and treatment of MBC generally is similar to that of FBC. Men tend to be treated with mastectomy rather than breast-conserving surgery. The backbone of adjuvant therapy or palliative treatment for advanced disease is endocrine, mostly tamoxifen. Use of FBC-based therapy led to the observation that treatment outcomes for MBC are worse and that survival rates for MBC do not improve like FBC. These different outcomes may suggest a non-appropriate utilization of treatments and that different underlying pathogenetic mechanisms may exist between male and female BC

The Impact of a Filariasis Control Program on Lihir Island, Papua New Guinea

Large-scale intervention programmes to control filariasis are currently underway worldwide. However, a major unresolved question remains: what is the appropriate duration for these programmes? Recent theoretical work and clinical field experience has highlighted how the ecological diversity between different endemic regions hinders decision making processes of when to stop ongoing MDA programs. The goal of our study was to identify the factors determining success for a five year LF elimination program. We undertook different types of surveys together with a pre-existing MDA program in villages from two regions that had different infection prevalence rates. Our study shows that the five yearly cycles of MDA could neither eliminate the disease nor stop transmission in the high prevalence villages, such that low baseline lymphatic filariasis prevalence has a positive influence on the outcome of a program. Thus, the study provides data supporting the recommendation that in certain high prevalence and transmission environments more sustained efforts may be necessary

Mycobacterium ulcerans disease: experience with primary oral medical therapy in an Australian cohort

Mycobacterium ulcerans (MU) is responsible for disfiguring skin infections which are challenging to treat. The recommended treatment for MU has continued to evolve from surgery to remove all involved tissue, to the use of effective combination oral antibiotics with surgery as required. Our study describes the oral medical treatment utilised for consecutive cases of MU infection over a 15 month period at our institution, in Victoria, Australia. Managing patients primarily with oral antibiotics results in high cure rates and excellent cosmetic outcomes. The success with medical treatment reported in this study will aid those treating cases of MU infection, and will add to the growing body of knowledge about the relative roles of antibiotics and surgery for treating this infection