Automatic coronary artery calcium scoring from unenhanced-ECG-gated CT using deep learning

International audience(a,c) , Luc Nicodème (a) , Mickaël Ohana (b) , Hugues Talbot (c) , Umit Gencer (d) , Magloire Mekukosokeng (e) , Thomas Caramella (f) , Yann Diascorn (f) , Jean-Yves Airaud (g) , Marc-Samir Guillot (d) , Zoubir Bensalah (h) , Caroline Dam Hieu (a) , Bassam Abdallah (a) , Imad Bousaid (i) , Nathalie Lassau (i,j) , Elie Mousseaux (d

Abdominal musculature segmentation and surface prediction from CT using deep learning for sarcopenia assessment

International audiencePurpose :The purpose of this study was to build and train a deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) algorithm to segment muscular body mass (MBM) to predict muscular surface from a two-dimensional axial computed tomography (CT) slice through L3 vertebra.Materials and methods :An ensemble of 15 deep learning models with a two-dimensional U-net architecture with a 4-level depth and 18 initial filters were trained to segment MBM. The muscular surface values were computed from the predicted masks and corrected with the algorithm's estimated bias. Resulting mask prediction and surface prediction were assessed using Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and root mean squared error (RMSE) scores respectively using ground truth masks as standards of reference.Results :A total of 1025 individual CT slices were used for training and validation and 500 additional axial CT slices were used for testing. The obtained mean DSC and RMSE on the test set were 0.97 and 3.7 cm2 respectively.Conclusion :Deep learning methods using convolutional neural networks algorithm enable a robust and automated extraction of CT derived MBM for sarcopenia assessment, which could be implemented in a clinical workflow

Three artificial intelligence data challenges based on CT and MRI

International audiencePurpose: The second edition of the artificial intelligence (AI) data challenge was organized by the French Society of Radiology with the aim to: (i), work on relevant public health issues; (ii), build large, mul-ticentre, high quality databases; and (iii), include three-dimensional (3D) information and prognostic questions. Materials and methods: Relevant clinical questions were proposed by French subspecialty colleges of radiology. Their feasibility was assessed by experts in the field of AI. A dedicated platform was set up for inclusion centers to safely upload their anonymized examinations in compliance with general data protection regulation. The quality of the database was checked by experts weekly with annotations performed by radiologists. Multidisciplinary teams competed between September 11 th and October 13 th 2019. Results: Three questions were selected using different imaging and evaluation modalities, including: pulmonary nodule detection and classification from 3D computed tomography (CT), prediction of expanded disability status scale in multiple sclerosis using 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and segmentation of muscular surface for sarcopenia estimation from two-dimensional CT. A total of 4347 examinations were gathered of which only 6% were excluded. Three independent databases from 24 individual centers were created. A total of 143 participants were split into 20 multidisciplinary teams. Conclusion: Three data challenges with over 1200 general data protection regulation compliant CT or MRI examinations each were organized. Future challenges should be made with more complex situations combining histopathological or genetic information to resemble real life situations faced by radiologists in routine practice

Integrating deep learning CT-scan model, biological and clinical variables to predict severity of COVID-19 patients

International audienceThe SARS-COV-2 pandemic has put pressure on intensive care units, so that identifying predictors of disease severity is a priority. We collect 58 clinical and biological variables, and chest CT scan data, from 1003 coronavirus-infected patients from two French hospitals. We train a deep learning model based on CT scans to predict severity. We then construct the multimodal AI-severity score that includes 5 clinical and biological variables (age, sex, oxygenation, urea, platelet) in addition to the deep learning model. We show that neural network analysis of CT-scans brings unique prognosis information, although it is correlated with other markers of severity (oxygenation, LDH, and CRP) explaining the measurable but limited 0.03 increase of AUC obtained when adding CT-scan information to clinical variables. Here, we show that when comparing AI-severity with 11 existing severity scores, we find significantly improved prognosis performance; AI-severity can therefore rapidly become a reference scoring approach

AI-based multi-modal integration (ScanCov scores) of clinical characteristics, lab tests and chest CTs improves COVID-19 outcome prediction of hospitalized patients

The SARS-COV-2 pandemic has put pressure on Intensive Care Units, and made theidentification of early predictors of disease severity a priority. We collected clinical,biological, chest CT scan data, and radiology reports from 1,003 coronavirus-infectedpatients from two French hospitals. Among 58 variables measured at admission, 11clinical and 3 radiological variables were associated with severity. Next, using 506,341chest CT images, we trained and evaluated deep learning models to segment thescans and reproduce radiologists' annotations. We also built CT image-based deeplearning models that predicted severity better than models based on the radiologists'reports. Finally, we showed that adding CT scan information—either throughradiologist lesion quantification or through deep learning—to clinical and biologicaldata, improves prediction of severity. These findings show that CT scans containnovel and unique prognostic information, which we included in a 6-variable ScanCovseverity score