Comparison of MX-857 versus MX-641 chemistries for type 2485 film

Tests were conducted to evaluate Kodak MX-857 and MX-641 chemistry systems for use with film Type 2485 to be used in the dim light experiments on Apollo 16. The test program objectives were to: (1) retain a minimum ASA speed of at least 4000; (2) maintain a base-plus-fog level of 0.21 density units or less; and (3) minimize the granularity but do not exceed the granularity level of the Apollo 15 imagery. Test results on the Versamat processor indicate that the use of MX-857 chemistry is preferred over MX-641 chemistry in satisfying the stated test objectives

Apollo 16 photographic standards documentation

The activities of the Photographic Technology Division, and particularly the Photo Science Office, the Precision Processing Laboratory, and the Motion Picture Laboratory, in connection with the scientific photography of the Apollo 16 manned space mission are documented. Described are the preflight activities involved in establishing a standard process for each of the flight films, the manned in which flight films were handled upon arrival at the Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston, Texas, and how the flight films were processed and duplicated. The tone reproduction method of duplication is described. The specific sensitometric and chemical process controls are not included

Film handling procedures for Skylab S-056 experiment

Procedures for handling, and flight film acceptance testing through original film processing to the duplication of the original film, are presented

Evaluation of anomalies observed on film from S-190A flight system calibration test

Due to a persistent problem of scratched film from testing of the Skylab S-190A system, a series of tests were designed to identify the cause of the film scratching. The procedures followed in this test for pretest handling and packaging of the film, the makeup of the rolls for processing, and the results of the processed film evaluation are reported

Pulsed plasmoid electric propulsion

A method of electric propulsion is explored where plasmoids such as spheromaks and field reversed configurations (FRC) are formed and then allowed to expand down a diverging conducting shell. The plasmoids contain a toroidal electric current that provides both heating and a confining magnetic field. They are free to translate because there are no externally supplied magnetic fields that would restrict motion. Image currents in the diverging conducting shell keep the plasmoids from contacting the wall. Because these currents translate relative to the wall, losses due to magnetic flux diffusion into the wall are minimized. During the expansion of the plasma in the diverging cone, both the inductive and thermal plasma energy are converted to directed kinetic energy producing thrust. Specific impulses can be in the 4000 to 20000 sec range with thrusts from 0.1 to 1000 Newtons, depending on available power

Évaluation de l’utilisation et de la présentation des résultats d’analyses factorielles et d’analyses en composantes principales en éducation

Nous évaluons l’utilisation et la présentation des résultats d’analyses factorielles et d’analyses en composantes principales dans six périodiques canadiens en éducation publiés entre 1995 et 2005. À partir de 1089 articles, nous avons relevé 61 utilisations de ces analyses. En ayant recours à une grille de lecture, nous avons recueilli des informations sur le but de l’utilisation de l’analyse, la taille de l’échantillon, les variables, la méthode d’extraction, le critère de dimensionnalité, la méthode de rotation des axes et les résultats présentés. Nous avons identifié des lacunes, tant au niveau des pratiques que de la présentation des résultats. Enfin, nous formulons quelques recommandations quant à l’utilisation rigoureuse de ces types d’analyses.This paper presents an evaluation of the use and presentation of results of factor analysis and principal component analysis as published between 1995 and 2005 in six Canadian educational periodicals. From a corpus of 1089 articles, the authors noted 61 uses of these analyses. Using a reading grid, they noted information on the objective of the analysis, the sample size, the variables, the extraction method, the dimensionality criteria, the method for axes rotation, and the results presented. They identified deficiencies both at the level of practices and in the result presentation. Finally, the authors formulate several recommendations regarding a more rigorous use of these types of analyses.Evaluamos la utilización y la presentación de los resultados de análisis factoriales y de análisis en componentes principales dentro de seis publicaciones periódicas canadienses en educación publicadas entre 1995 et 2005. En 1089 artículos, notamos 61 utilizaciones de estos análisis. Mediante una matriz de lectura, recolectamos informaciones en cuanto al objetivo de la utilización de análisis, el tamaño de la muestra, las variables, el método de extracción, el criterio de dimensionalidad, el método de rotación de los ejes y los resultados presentados. Identificamos unas lagunas, tanto a nivel de las prácticas como de la presentación de los resultados. Por terminar, formulamos algunas recomendaciones en cuanto a la utilización rigorosa de estos tipos de análisis

Spatially Extended Low Ionization Emission Regions (LIERs) at z∼0.9z\sim0.9

We present spatially resolved emission diagnostics for eight $z\sim0.9$ galaxies that demonstrate extended low ionization emission-line regions (LIERs) over kpc scales. Eight candidates are selected based on their spatial extent and emission line fluxes from slitless spectroscopic observations with the HST/WFC3 G141 and G800L grisms in the well-studied GOODS survey fields. Five of the candidates (62.5%) are matched to X-ray counterparts in the \textit{Chandra X-Ray Observatory} Deep Fields. We modify the traditional Baldwin-Philips-Terlevich (BPT) emission line diagnostic diagram to use [SII]/(H$\alpha$+[NII]) instead of [NII]/H$\alpha$ to overcome the blending of [NII] and H$\alpha$+[NII] in the low resolution slitless grism spectra. We construct emission line ratio maps and place the individual pixels in the modified BPT. The extended LINER-like emission present in all of our candidates, coupled with X-Ray properties consistent with star-forming galaxies and weak [OIII]$\lambda$5007\AA\ detections, is inconsistent with purely nuclear sources (LINERs) driven by active galactic nuclei. While recent ground-based integral field unit spectroscopic surveys have revealed significant evidence for diffuse LINER-like emission in galaxies within the local universe $(z\sim0.04)$, this work provides the first evidence for the non-AGN origin of LINER-like emission out to high redshifts.Comment: 11 pages, 1 table, 6 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysics Journal (ApJ

Corporate financing decisions: UK survey evidence

Despite theoretical developments in recent years, our understanding of corporate capital structure remains incomplete. Prior empirical research has been dominated by archival regression studies which are limited in their ability to fully reflect the diversity found in practice. The present paper reports on a comprehensive survey of corporate financing decision-making in UK listed companies. A key finding is that firms are heterogeneous in their capital structure policies. About half of the firms seek to maintain a target debt level, consistent with trade-off theory, but 60 per cent claim to follow a financing hierarchy, consistent with pecking order theory. These two theories are not viewed by respondents as either mutually exclusive or exhaustive. Many of the theoretical determinants of debt levels are widely accepted by respondents, in particular the importance of interest tax shield, financial distress, agency costs and also, at least implicitly, information asymmetry. Results also indicate that cross-country institutional differences have a significant impact on financial decisions

CpG Deamination Creates Transcription Factor–Binding Sites with High Efficiency

The formation of new transcription factor–binding sites (TFBSs) has a major impact on the evolution of gene regulatory networks. Clearly, single nucleotide mutations arising within genomic DNA can lead to the creation of TFBSs. Are molecular processes inducing single nucleotide mutations contributing equally to the creation of TFBSs? In the human genome, a spontaneous deamination of methylated cytosine in the context of CpG dinucleotides results in the creation of thymine (C → T), and this mutation has the highest rate among all base substitutions. CpG deamination has been ascribed a role in silencing of transposons and induction of variation in regional methylation. We have previously shown that CpG deamination created thousands of p53-binding sites within genomic sequences of Alu transposons. Interestingly, we have defined a ∼30 bp region in Alu sequence, which, depending on a pattern of CpG deamination, can be converted to functional p53-, PAX-6-, and Myc-binding sites. Here, we have studied single nucleotide mutational events leading to creation of TFBSs in promoters of human genes and in genomic regions bound by such key transcription factors as Oct4, NANOG, and c-Myc. We document that CpG deamination events can create TFBSs with much higher efficiency than other types of mutational events. Our findings add a new role to CpG methylation: We propose that deamination of methylated CpGs constitutes one of the evolutionary forces acting on mutational trajectories of TFBSs formation contributing to variability in gene regulation

The dissociation of the J/psi by light mesons and chiral symmetry

The implication of chiral symmetry for the pion-induced dissociation of the J/psi is examined in detail. It is shown how the low-energy dynamics of pions, constrained by chiral symmetry, affect the dissociation cross-section. The derived soft-pion theorem is then integrated into a Lagrangian model which includes also abnormal parity content and chiral-symmetric form factors. Dissociation by the rho meson is also considered.Comment: 31 pages, 6 figures. Minor revision