Due to a persistent problem of scratched film from testing of the Skylab S-190A system, a series of tests were designed to identify the cause of the film scratching. The procedures followed in this test for pretest handling and packaging of the film, the makeup of the rolls for processing, and the results of the processed film evaluation are reported

Bourque, P. F.

Perry, L.

Sauer, G. E.

English

NASA Technical Reports Server

TR 73-1
TECHNICAL REPORT
NASA CR-
Evaluation of Anomalies Observed
on Film from S-190A
Flight System Calibration Test
Prepared Under
Contract NAS 9-11500
Task Order HT- 65
Prepared By
Paul F. Bourque
Lincoln Perry
Gerard E. Sauer
January 1973
(NASA-CR-141604) EVALUATION OF ANOMALIES N75-16794
OBSERVED ON FILM FROM S-190A FLIGHT SYSTEM
.CALIBRATION TEST (Technicolor Graphic
Services, Inc.) 18 p HC $3.25 CSCL 14E Unclas
G3/35 09918
Photographic Technology Division
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Manned Spacecraft Center
Houston, Texas
Technicolor Grahic Services n
Technicolor Graphic Services, Inc
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19750008722 2020-03-23T01:12:38+00:00Z
EVALUATION OF ANOMALIES OBSERVED ON FILM FROM S-190A
FLIGHT SYSTEM CALIBRATION TEST
This report has been reviewed
and is approved.
SUBMITTED BY: -
Paul F. Bourque, Photog ntist
Lincoln Perry, P~xytscientist
APPROVED: , dg < < L
Gerard E. Sauer, Supervisor
Photo Science Office
APPROVED: L , .
Noel T. Lamar, Technical Monitor
CONCURRENCE BY: t .- z-,<v
hn R. BrlVnkmann, Chief
Photographic Technology Division
INTRODUCTION
Due.to a persistent problem of scratched film from testing
of the Skylab S-190A system, a series of tests were designed to
identify the cause of the film scratching. These tests were
designed jointly by Mr. B. H. Mollberg, Experiment Development
Manager (S-190A) and personnel of the MSC/PTD utilizing the film
packaged for the S-190A camera calibration tests.
This report documents the procedures followed in this test
for pretest handling and packaging of the film, the makeup of
the rolls for processing, and the results of the processed film
evaluation.
PRETEST FILM HANDLING PROCEDURES
At the request of the S-190A Program Office, the following rolls
of film were prepared for a S-190A Flight System Calibration Test
at Kennedy Space Center:
Film Type Quantity
SO-022 4 rolls
2443 2 rolls
SO-356 2 rolls
2424 4 rolls
The preparation procedures followed were those dictated in the
S-190A Project Document entitled "Film Handling Procedures for
Skylab S-190A, S-190B and S-191 Experiments" (Document No.
JL12-202 attached).
Following preparation of these rolls, a single roll of each
film type was selected at random to be maintained as a test
control roll for each particular film type. This selection
was made by Mr. B. H. Mollberg, Experiment Development Manager
(S-190A), from the package of film prepared for shipment to KSC
by Quality and Assurance. These rolls were then returned to
the PTD Photo Science Office.
Upon receipt of the control rolls, a two-foot section of each
roll was removed and tray processed; the remainder of each roll
was reserved for processing with those rolls which would be
used for the test at KSC. This two-foot section was removed
at a distance of 14 feet from the head end of the roll. This
ensured that this section had not previously been handled during
roll makeup.
PREPROCESSING HANDLING AT PTD
Six rolls of S-190A test film were received from KSC on 18
January 1973 for processing at the PTD laboratory. All rolls
were handled as original flight film, according to procedures
established in Document JL12-202, "Film Handling Procedures for
Skylab S-190A, S-190B and S-191 Experiments" with the following
exceptions:
1. Two feet of film was cut from the tail of each
roll and sensitometry applied with the PTD I-B
sensitometer. This section of film was then tray
processed. Tray processing is one of the gentlest
processing methods availabler since no mechanical
devices are employed, and the emulsion surface re-
mains untouched throughout the processing cycle.
This procedure provides a sensitive test for
scratches.
2. An additional two feet was cut from the tail of each
roll for a reverse-splice scratch test. In this test,'
a section of film is cut out, reversed end for end, and
then spliced back into the roll. In this way, process-
ing scratches can be distinguished from camera scratches.;
Processing scratches will continue unchanged across the
splice, whereas camera scratches will show a lateral
displacement due to the reversing of the film at the
splice.
The physical makeup of each roll for processing is shown in
Figures 1 , 2 , 3 , and 4 . These figures also include the
processing machines and configurations. The process was certi-
fied in accordance with Document JL12-202.
All process machine scratch tests utilized include a reverse-
spliced section to test for processor caused scratches. It
should also be noted that these tests involve four different
film types each of which requires a different processor.
FIGURE 1
FILM TYPE 2424
CAMERA STATIONS 1 and 2
Processor: Hi-Speed Chemistry: D-19 Temperature: 680F. Speed: 4 feet per minute
Two rolls of camera test film plus the one blank
roll retained at PTD were spliced together in
the configuration below:
I -E- '
TEST TEST
ROLL BLANK ROLL z
o O U HC) ROLLP STATION STATION
#1 (Test #2 0- OP UE~
SU U M Control) M4 U
All scratch tests were reverse-spliced.
FIGURE 2
TYPE 2443 FILM
CAMERA STATION 3
Processor: Kodak Versamat 1811 Chemistry: EA-5 Temperature: 104.5 0F. Speed: 5.5 feet per minute
One roll of camera test film plus the f
blank roll retained at PTD were spliced
together in the configuration below:
TEST
* BLANK
SROLL ROLL 0
P RL (Test z WU -4 O STATION #3 4 O O
u Control) U ) X
All scratch tests were reverse-spliced.
FIGURE 3
FILM TYPE SO-356
CAMERA STATION 4
Processor: Houston Chemistry: ME-4 Temperature: 980F. Speed: 15 feet per minute
One roll of camera test film plus the blank roll re
retained at PTD were spliced together in the
configuration below:
TEST
, ROLL BLANK
U 0 4
z 4 STATION ROLL z 9
U E-' 0 P U 0 PE-4SU) OU 4 U (Test Control) u m ~
All scratch tests were reverse-spliced.
FIGURE 4
FILM TYPE SO-022
CAMERA STATIONS 5 and 6
Processor: Fultron Chemistry: MX-819 Temperature: 820F. Speed: 10 feet per minute
Two rolls of camera test film plus the blank
roll retained at PTD were spliced together in
the configuration below:
TEST TEST
ROLL W BLANK ROLL W
SE-4 H STATION O ROLL STATION U0 P
WEH E- H E-H En
S E n # < (Test Contro 0 W
All scratch tests were reverse-spliced.
RESULTS
After processing each roll of film, the roll was removed from
the machine and taken to-the PTD Precision Processing Laboratory
film inspection area for evaluation. The film evaluation team
consisted of PTD personnel and Mr. B. H. Mollberg. The Precision
Laboratory Film Inspection Report for each roll is included as
Appendix A of this report. Results of the film evaluation are:
Film Type 2424
Leader and Machine Scratch Tests - no anomalies
Control Strips - no anomalies (some handling marks)
Test Roll Station #1 - significant anomalies (see Film
Inspection Report, Appendix A)
Test Control Roll - minor anomalies (see Film Inspection
Report, Appendix A)
Test Roll Station #2 - significant anomalies (see Film
Inspection Report, Appendix A)
Tray-Processed Sections:
Test Roll Station #1 - anomalies similar to those reported
in Film Inspection Report
Test Roll Station #2 - anomalies similar to those reported
in Film Inspection Report
Test Control Roll - minor edge fogging, no scratches
Film Type 2443
Leader and Machine Scratch Tests - no anomalies.
Control Strips - no anomalies (some handling marks)
Test Roll Station #3 - significant anomalies (see Film
Inspection Report, Appendix A)
Test Control Roll - no anomalies
Tray-Processed Sections:
Test Roll Station #3 - anomalies similar to those reported in
Film Inspection Report
Test Control Roll - no anomalies
Film Type SO-356:
Leader and Machine Scratch Tests - no anomalies
Control Strips - no anomalies (some handling marks)
Test Roll Station #4 - significant anomalies (see Film
Inspection Report, Appendix A)
Test Control Roll - no anomalies
Tray-Processed Sections:
Test Roll Station #4 - anomalies similar to those reported
in Film Inspection Report
Test Control Roll - no anomalies
Film Type SO-022
Leader and Machine Scratch Tests - no anomalies
Control Strips - no anomalies (some handling marks)
Test Roll Station #5 - significant anomalies (see Film
Inspection.Report, Appendix A)
Test Control Roll - no anomalies
Test Roll Station #6 - significant anomalies (see Film
Inspection Report, Appendix A)
Tray-Processed Sections:
Test Roll Station #5 - anomalies similar to those reported
in Film Inspection Report
Test Roll Station #6 - anomalies similar to those reported
in Film Inspection Report
Test Control Roll - no anomalies
A significant number of scratch anomalies from this test were.
found to be geometrically correlated with scratches which were
observed on the film from the scratch tests run on the Skylab
S-190A System in mid-December 1972. This correlation was on a
station-by-station basis.
Scratches were also found to be laterally offset at the splices
for the reversed sections from the various test rolls.
CONCLUSIONS
As a result of these tests, it is concluded that the film
scratches observed are not caused by the processing. This
conclusion is supported by the following facts.
1. Lack of any observed scratches on machine scratch
tests, control strips and test control rolls.
2. Lateral offset of scratch marks at the reverse-
spliced sections.
3. Geometric correlation of scratches from December 1972
scratch tests (December test used SO-022 film on all
six camera stations; processed in Fultron)
4. Similar anomalies observed on test rolls which were
processed utilizing four different processors.
The condition of the test control rolls after processing
shows that the film handling and loading procedures established
at PTD (Document No. JL12-202) ensure the quality of the film
supplied by PTD to Quality and Assurance for transmittal to KSC.
This test also verifies that the film supplied by Kodak contains
no unexplained anomalies. The minor edge fog reported for film
type 2424 is caused in the slitting operation in Kodak's Film
Finishing. This edge fog is unavoidable in this product due to
the pressure sensitivity of the emulsion and is generally
restricted to non-image frame areas of the film.
This test has eliminated the following as possible sources of
the anomalies observed:
1. Raw film stock
2. PTD pre-test loading and handling procedures
3. PTD post-test processing and handling procedures.
D' ~ 1-20-73
ORIGINAL FLIGHT FILM EVALUATION
MISSION ROLL NUMBER FILM TYPE & BATCH # SITE(S) FLIGHT(S)
SKYLAB STi ON I & 2 2424 . TEST TEST
SENSOR' FILTER(S) LENGTH DATE FLOWN EXPOSURES " AIRCRAFT
S-190A n/a n/a n/a TO n/a
FRAME OVERLAP SNOW/CLOUD COVERAGE DATA CHAMBER
n/a n/a ( Exposure n/a Status
SIMAGE EXPOSURE: n/a POST SENSITOM!ETRY
YES
IMAGE & PHYSICAL DEFECTS
DEFECT CODE
* Processing roll. makeup accomplished in accordance with PSO diagram.
1. Station 1 (Exposed):
a. Emulsion scratches (light to med plus and minus density) throughout roll
b. Heavy abrasions last two exposures.
c. Minus density mottle in exposed areas
d. Heavy fog following exposed frames 15-20'.
e. Dust on Reseau plate
f. Handling marks in all splice.and sensitometry areas
g. Both edges fogged.
2. 2424 Blank and Processing Controls
a. Both edges fogged
b. No scratches, chemical streaks, pressure marks, processor or processing anom~lie.
3. Station 2(Exposed):
a. Same remarks as Stationll (Exposed) a through g.
DEFECT CODES:
(1) Abrasions (7) Density Marks/Plus (13) Pin Holes (19) Water Spots
(2) Banding -(8) Drying Marks (14) Rawstock Defects (20) Other Defects
(3) Camera Malfunctions (9) Finger Prints/Glove (15).Roller Marks
(4) Chemical Stains (10) Fog (16) Scratches/Base
(5) Dirt (11). Folds/Wrinkles (17) Scratches/Emulsion
(6) Density Marks/Minus (12) Hot Spots/Spectral (18) Static
REMARKS Above defects and comments verified by B. Mollberg on 1/20/73.
PROCESSING DATA r
PROCESSOR HEAD TAIL CHEMISTRY TEMP SPEED DATE PROCESSED OPERATOR
Hi-Speed D-19 680 4 fpra 1-19-73 Williams
4 rYico Por, IT-NASA - MSC
DATE 1-20-73.
ORIGINAL FLIGHT FILM EVALUATION
MISSION ROLL NUMBER FILM TYPE & BATCH # SITE(S) FLIGHT(S)
SKYLAB STATION 3 2443 TEST TEST
SENSOR FILTER(S) LENGTH DATE FLOWN .EXPOSURES - AIRCRAFT
S190A n/a 220' n/a n/a TO n/a n/a
FRAME OVERLAP SNOW/CLOUD COVERAGE DATA CHAMBER
n/a n/a Exposure n/a Status
IMAGE EXPOSURE: POST SENSITO!ETRY
n/a YES
IMAAGE & PHYSCAL DEFECTS
DEFECT CODE
* Processing roll makeup was accomplished in accordance with PSO diagram.
1. Station 3 (exposed):
a. Emulsion scratches, continuous (med-severe plus & minus density) 1/8 to 1/4"
apart.
b. Base scratches, continuous (light-med) 1/8 to 1/4" apart.
c. Pinholes, scattered throughout roll
d. Image area, plus density pressure marks and Newton rings throughout roll.
e. Handling marks in all splice and sensitometry areas.
2. 2443 (Blank) and Processing Controls:
a. No scratches, chemical streaks, pressure marks, processor or processing anomalie
Total 7 pinholes in entire blank roll.-
DEFECT CODES:
(1) Abrasions (7) Density Marks/Plus (13) Pin Holes (19) Water Spots
(2) Banding -(8) Drying Marks (14) Rawstock Defects (20) Other Defects
(3) Camera Malfunctions (9) Finger Prints/Glove (15) Roller Marks
(4) Chemical Stains (10) Fog (16) Scratches/Base
(5) Dirt (11) Folds/Wrinkles (17) Scratches/Emulsion
(6) Density Marks/Minus (12) Hot Spots/Spectral (18) -Static
REMARKS Above defects and comments verified by B. Mollberg on 1/20/73.
PROCESSING DATA / . lA-
PROCESSOR IEAD TAIL CHEMISTRY TEMP SPEED sATE PROCSSED OPERATOR
1811 #2 -_EA-5 104.5 5.5 1/19/73 _ atysiak/Wissman
ec nico or, tic. NASA- MSC
-- - - . - - - --- *
APPENDIX A
DATE 1 2 0 -73-
ORIGINAL FLIGHT FILM EVALUATION
MISSION ROLL NUMBER FILM TYPE & BATCH # SITE(S) FLIGHT(S)
SKYLAB STATION 4 SO-356 TEST TEST
SENSOR FILTER(S) LENCG T DATE FLOWN EXPOSURES AIRCRAFT
S-190A n/a n/a n/a n/a TO n/a
FRAME OVERLAP SNOW/CLOUD COVERAGE DATA CHAMBER
n/a n/a Exposure n/a Status
IMAGE EXPOSURE: n/a POST SENSITOMETRY
YES
I MAGE & PHYSICAL DEFECTS
DEFECT CODE
* Processing roll makeup was accomplished in accordance with PSO diagram.
I. Stat-on 4 (exoosed)
a. Emulsion scratches (light) throughout roll.
b. .Base scratches (light) throughout foll.
c. Dirt on Reseau plate
d. Newton rings in image areas
e. Mild mottling in exposed area
f. Handling marks in all splice and sensitometry areas.
2. SO-356 Blank and .Processing Controls
a. No scratches, chemical str'eaks, pressure marks, processor or processing
anomalies.
DEFECT CODES:
(1) Abrasions (7) Density Marks/Plus (13) Pin Holes (19) Water Spots
(2) Banding .(8) Drying Marks (14) Rawstock Defects (20) Other Defects
(3) Camera Malfunctions (9) Finger Prints/Glove (15).Roller Marks
(4) Chemical Stains .(10) Fog (16) Scratches/Base
(5) Dirt (11) Folds/Wrinkles (17) Scratches/Emulsion
(6) Density Marks/Minus (12) Hot Spots/Spectral (18) Static
REMARKS
Above defects and comments verified by B. Mollberg on 1/20/73.
PROCESSING, DATA 9.jL'ji> 2 -
PROCESSOR HIAD TAIL CHEMISTRY TEMP SPEED IDATE PROCESSED OPERATOR
HOUSTQN . ME-4 980 15 fpm 1-20-73 MAYES
TEchanlCOlo Inc. L - NASA- MSC
APPENDIX A
_ -DATE20-73 D
ORIGINAL FLIGHT FILM EVALUATION
MISSION ROLL NUMBER FIlb TYPE & BATCH # SITE(S) FLIGHT(S)
SKYLAB STATION 5 & .6 SO-022 Test Test
SENSOR FILTER(S) LENGTH DATE FLOWN EXPOSURES AIRCRAFT
S-190A n/a n/a n/a TO n/a
FRAME OVERLAP SNOW/CLOUD COVERAGE DATA CHAMBER
n/a n/a Exposure n/a Status
IMAGE EXPOSURE: n/a POST SENSITOMETRY
YES
I C itAGE & PHYSICAL DEFECTS
DEFECT CODE
* Processing roll makeup was accomplished in accordance with PSO diagram.
1. Station 5 (Exposed):
a. Emulsion scratches (severe plus density) throughout entire roll
b. Base scratches (light-med) throughout entire roll
c. Image area severe plus and minus density scratches
d. Aft lens element flare
e. Dust on Reseau plate
f. Heavy fog bands following imagery
g. Reverse scratch 2' indicates correlation
h, Handling marks in all splice and sensitometry areas.
2. SO-022 Blank and Processing Controls
a. No processing/processor anomalies noted. Exceptionally "cean".
3. Station 6(Exposed):
a. Same Comment as Station 5 (a throuah h'.
DEFhT (b5 .:plus density pressure mark throughout roll.
(1) Abrasions (7) Density Marks/Plus (13) Pin Holes (19) Water Spots
(2) Banding (8) Drying Marks (14) Rawstock Defects (20) Other Defects
(3) Camera Malfunctions. (9) Finger Prints/Glove (15) Roller Marks
(4) Chemical Stains (10) Fog (16) Scratches/Base
(5) Dirt (11) Folds/Wrinkles (17) Scratches/Emulsion
(6) Density Marks/Minus (12) Hot Spots/Spectral (18) Static
REMARKS Above defects and comments verified by B. Mollberg on 1/20/73.
PROCESSING DATA , C D
PROCESSOR HEAD TAIL CHEMISTRY TEMP SPEED DATE PROC SED OPERATOR
FULTRON #2 MX-819 820 10 fpmi 1-19/1-20-73 Crane
..- - - :J


Evaluation of anomalies observed on film from S-190A flight system calibration test

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