Seismic hazard assessment in Menton, France: Topographical site effect zoning considering a semi-empirical approach and a Machine Learning scheme

The presence of topography influences the seismic ground motion and may result in strong amplifications, generally at the top of hills and reliefs. The increasing urbanization of hills requires an accurate estimation of these effects even in areas of moderate seismicity. The simplified coefficients provided by the Eurocodes8 do not depend on the frequency and underestimate the amplification in many situations, which justifies the development of new methods based on easily accessible data. The city of Menton, located in the southeast of France, between the Alps and the Ligurian basin, is one of the most exposed metropolitan cities. We propose a study of topographic effects applied to the Menton area. Topographic amplification is calculated, on a wide frequency band, using the Frequency-Scaled Curvature method, from a DEM and an average value of the shear wave velocity. We then propose to apply an automatic clustering approach to classify the amplification curves into five groups with similar properties. We then deduce a first microzonation map of the topographic effects in the Menton area

Prestation de serment civique par M. Augustin Bourdeau, lors de la séance du 17 novembre 1790

Bourdeau Etienne Augustin. Prestation de serment civique par M. Augustin Bourdeau, lors de la séance du 17 novembre 1790. In: Archives Parlementaires de 1787 à 1860 - Première série (1787-1799) Tome XX - Du 23 octobre au 26 novembre 1790. Paris : Librairie Administrative P. Dupont, 1885. p. 483

Prestation de serment civique par M. Augustin Bourdeau, lors de la séance du 17 novembre 1790

Bourdeau Etienne-Augustin. Prestation de serment civique par M. Augustin Bourdeau, lors de la séance du 17 novembre 1790. In: Archives Parlementaires de 1787 à 1860 - Première série (1787-1799) Tome XX - Du 23 octobre au 26 novembre 1790. Paris : Librairie Administrative P. Dupont, 1885. p. 483

Seismic hazard assessment in Menton, France: Topographical site effect zoning considering a semi-empirical approach and a Machine Learning scheme

International audienceThe presence of topography influences the seismic ground motion and may result in strong amplifications, generally at the top of hills and reliefs. The increasing urbanization of hills requires an accurate estimation of these effects even in areas of moderate seismicity. The simplified coefficients provided by the Eurocodes8 do not depend on the frequency and underestimate the amplification in many situations, which justifies the development of new methods based on easily accessible data. The city of Menton, located in the southeast of France, between the Alps and the Ligurian basin, is one of the most exposed metropolitan cities. We propose a study of topographic effects applied to the Menton area. Topographic amplification is calculated, on a wide frequency band, using the Frequency-Scaled Curvature method, from a DEM and an average value of the shear wave velocity. We then propose to apply an automatic clustering approach to classify the amplification curves into five groups with similar properties. We then deduce a first microzonation map of the topographic effects in the Menton area

From Sensor to Cloud: An IoT Network of Radon Outdoor Probes to Monitor Active Volcanoes

International audienceWhile radon in soil gases has been identified for decades as a potential precursor of volcanic eruptions, there has been a recent interest for monitoring radon in air on active volcanoes. We present here the first network of outdoor air radon sensors that was installed successfully on Mt. Etna volcano, Sicily, Italy in September 2019. Small radon sensors designed for workers and home dosimetry were tropicalized in order to be operated continuously in harsh volcanic conditions with an autonomy of several months. Two stations have been installed on the south flank of the volcano at~3000 m of elevation. A private network has been deployed in order to transfer the measurements from the stations directly to a server located in France, using a low-power wide-area transmission technology from Internet of Things (IoT) called LoRaWAN. Data finally feed a data lake, allowing flexibility in data management and sharing. A first analysis of the radon datasets confirms previous observations, while adding temporal information never accessed before. The observed performances confirm IoT solutions are very adapted to active volcano monitoring in terms of range, autonomy, and data loss

MANAGEMENT OF THE CHILD’S AIRWAY UNDER ANAESTHESIA: THE FRENCH GUIDELINES

Article publié en français avec le DOI 10.1016/j.anrea.2019.04.003.International audienceOBJECTIVE: To provide French guidelines about "Airway management during paediatric anaesthesia".DESIGN: A consensus committee of 17 experts from the French Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine (Société Française d’Anesthésie-Réanimation, SFAR) and the Association of French speaking paediatric anaesthesiologists and intensivists (Association Des Anesthésistes Réanimateurs Pédiatriques d’Expression Francophone, ADARPEF) was convened. The entire process was conducted independently of any industry funding. The authors followed the principles of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE®) system to assess the quality of evidence. The potential drawbacks of making strong recommendations in the presence of low-quality evidence were emphasised. Few recommendations were not graded.METHODS: The panel focused on 7 questions: 1) Supraglottic Airway devices 2) Cuffed endotracheal tubes 3) Videolaryngoscopes 4) Neuromuscular blocking agents 5) Rapid sequence induction 6) Airway device removal 7) Airway management in the child with recent or ongoing upper respiratory tract infection. Population, intervention, comparison, and outcomes (PICO) questions were reviewed and updated as needed, and evidence profiles were generated. The analysis of the literature and the redaction of the recommendations were then conducted according to the GRADE® methodology.RESULTS: The SFAR Guideline panel provides 17 statements on “airway management during paediatric anaesthesia”. After two rounds of discussion and various amendments, a strong agreement was reached for 100% of the recommendations. Of these recommendations, 6 have a high level of evidence (Grade 1±), 6 have a low level of evidence (Grade 2±) and 5 are experts’ opinions. No recommendation could be provided for 3 questions.CONCLUSIONS: Substantial agreement exists among experts regarding many strong recommendations for paediatric airway management

MANAGEMENT OF THE CHILD’S AIRWAY UNDER ANAESTHESIA: THE FRENCH GUIDELINES

International audienc

Gestion des voies aériennes de l’enfant

Article également publié en anglais avec le DOI 10.1016/j.accpm.2019.02.004.International audienceObjective : To provide French guidelines about "Airway management during paediatric anaesthesia''.Design : A consensus committee of 17 experts from the French Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine (Société française d'anesthésie-réanimation, SFAR) and the Association of French speaking paediatric anaesthesiologists and intensivists (Association des anesthésistes réanimateurs pédiatriques d'expression francophone, ADARPEF) was convened. The entire process was conducted independently of any industry funding. The authors followed the principles of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE ® ) system to assess the quality of evidence. The potential drawbacks of making strong recommendations in the presence of low-quality evidence were emphasised. Few recommendations were not graded.Methods : The panel focused on 7 questions: (1) Supraglottic Airway devices; (2) Cuffed endotracheal tubes; (3) Videolaryngoscopes; (4) Neuromuscular blocking agents; (5) Rapid sequence induction; (6) Airway device removal; (7) Airway management in the child with recent or ongoing upper respiratory tract infection. Population, intervention, comparison, and outcomes (PICO) questions were reviewed and updated as needed, and evidence profiles were generated. The analysis of the literature and the redaction of the recommendations were then conducted according to the GRADE ® methodology.Results > The SFAR Guideline panel provides 17 statements on "airway management during paediatric anaesthesia''. After two rounds of discussion and various amendments, a strong agreement was reached for 100% of the recommendations. Of these recommendations, 6 have a high level of evidence (Grade 1), 6 have a low level of evidence (Grade 2) and 5 are experts' opinions. No recommendation could be provided for 3 questions.Conclusions : Substantial agreement exists among experts regarding many strong recommendations for paediatric airway management.À ce jour, plus de 50 % des événements critiques périopératoires de l'enfant sont d'origine respiratoire. La bonne gestion des voies aériennes de l'enfant lors d'une anesthésie générale fait partie des préoccupations majeures des anesthésistes-réanimateurs. Les objectifs de ces recommandations formalisées d'experts étaient d'apporter une modification ou amélioration des pratiques cliniques répondant aux évolutions techniques dans la gestion des voies aériennes supérieures de tout enfant, mais également de valider au niveau national des connaissances reconnues dans la littérature ou auprès de sociétés savantes internationales. Par ailleurs, un point particulier a abordé la gestion des VAS de l'enfant enrhumé, potentiel facteur de risque en anesthésie pédiatrique. Parmi les recommandations, les experts recommandent l'utilisation préférentielle des dispositifs supraglottiques lors des interventions superficielles de courte durée avec monitorage de la pression du coussinet si possible. L'utilisation de sonde à ballonnet est préférable lors de l'intubation trachéale avec monitorage de la pression du ballonnet. L'intubation doit être systématique pour une chirurgie d'amygdalectomie chez l'enfant. La place des vidéo- laryngoscopes est précisée lors de l'intubation difficile. L'utilisation des curares est redéfinie que ce soit durant l'induction à séquence rapide ou lors d'une anesthésie classique avec intubation orotrachéale. Pour l'enfant enrhumé, les experts recommandent l'utilisation préférentielle, si possible, du masque facial comparé à la sonde d'intubation ou dispositif supraglottique et, pour l'enfant de moins de 6 ans, la nébulisation de salbutamol avant l'anesthésie générale. Le but final de ces recommandations est d'envisager une diminution de la morbi-mortalité respiratoire de l'anesthésie des enfants par une amélioration des pratiques cliniques quotidiennes