La utilización del Musicomovigrama como recurso didáctico para el trabajo de la audición atenta, comprensiva y activa en educación primaria

Con la incorporación de las TIC a la Didáctica de la Educación Musical han surgido nuevos recursos, algunos de los cuales son una evolución digital de sus predecesores. Es el caso del musicomovigrama, que se presenta como una versión animada de los tradicionales musicogramas. Este artículo refleja el proceso y los resultados de un estudio realizado en Escuela 2, un centro educativo del municipio de Paterna (Valencia, España), sobre una muestra de 84 estudiantes, con el objetivo de comprobar los efectos que este nuevo recurso aporta al campo de la audición musical. En concreto, se evalúan los cambios observados en relación con la capacidad para seguir musicogramas y musicomovigramas, la motivación manifestada por los estudiantes y la atención mantenida por estos. Como se podrá comprobar, los resultados indican que los musicomovigramas aportan mejoras en cada una de estas cuestiones, al mismo tiempo que abren líneas de investigación que todavía están por desarrollar

Teaching Dilemmas and Student Motivation in Project-based Learning in Secondary Education

This article aims to describe and analyze the dilemmas facing teachers when fostering student motivation in project-based learning (PjBL). The authors developed a project in secondary education through an action research approach. The different action research cycles aimed to solve dilemmas throughout the project and interpret them in terms of student motivation through the self-determination theory. According to this theory, autonomy, relatedness and competence are three psychological needs that, if fulfilled in the classroom, will lead to greater intrinsic motivation. The results revealed that one of the main characteristics of PjBL, namely, presenting the final product to an external audience, led to a tight schedule. This timepressure context generated the majority of dilemmas, which affected the development of the three basic psychological needs, especially competence and autonomy

Procesado de sonido y estudio de métodos para la generación de audio 3D en tiempo real

La reproducción del sonido en 3D está incrementando su importancia dentro del mundo científico, comercial y del ocio, por lo que la demanda de sistemas capaces de operar en tiempo real aumenta cada vez más. Para agilizar los procesos de escucha 3D, es necesario que se implementen funciones que permitan la generación y adaptación de estos procesos en tiempo real. Gracias a este procesado en tiempo real, la adaptación se puede hacer en función de la posición del emisor y receptor junto con las condiciones de la sala creando un espacio acústico virtual en el que tanto el emisor como el receptor puedan realizar desplazamientos. En este trabajo se estudian diferentes teorías y métodos para la generación de sonido 3D (auralización) así como la realización de una campaña de medidas para evaluar los resultados de estos efectos. Como novedad se presenta la adaptación de estos efectos al movimiento del oyente en dos etapas: una primera etapa con un movimiento simulado y una segunda mediante un posicionador o Tracker. Esto permite que los sonidos 3D se adapten a los movimientos del oyente y que, por tanto, mantenga la sensación de inmersión en el espacio acústico virtual a pesar que realice algún tipo de desplazamiento.The 3D sound reproduction is increasing its importance in the scientific, commercial and leisure world, so that the demand for systems capable of operating in real time is constantly increasing. To streamline 3D listening processes, it is necessary to implement functions that allow the generation and adaptation of these processes in real time. Through this real-time processing, adaptation can be realized depending on the position of the transmitter and receiver along with the conditions of the room creating a virtual acoustic space in which both the sender and the receiver can perform movements. In this thesis we study different theories and methods for the generation of 3D sound (auralization) and conducting a campaign of measures to assess the results of these effects. As a novelty, the adaptations to these effects is presented to the movement of the listener in two stages: a first stage with a simulated motion and a second by a positioner or Tracker. This allows 3D sounds to adapt to the listener¿s movements and therefore maintain the feeling of immersion in the virtual acoustic space despite performing some type of displacement.Benedito Botella, P. (2012). Procesado de sonido y estudio de métodos para la generación de audio 3D en tiempo real. Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/19081Archivo delegad

Towards an industrial synthesis of diaminodiphenylmethane (DADPM) using novel delaminated materials: A breakthrough step in the production of isocyanates for polyurethanes

Delaminated materials ITQ-2, ITQ-6 and ITQ-18 are very efficient catalysts of zeolitic nature for the synthesis of diamino diphenyl methane (DADPM), the polyamine precursor in the production of MDI for polyurethanes. The exfoliation process results in excellent accessibility of their active sites to reactant molecules as well as fast desorption of products. These catalysts present higher activity and slower rates of deactivation than their corresponding zeolites. Moreover, the topology of the delaminated structure imposes a precise control of the isomer distribution, offering an additional flexibility in the synthesis of DADPM. By optimizing the process conditions it is possible to achieve final DADPM crude under industrial production specifications with ITQ-18. This catalyst represents a real chance for replacing HCl in the industrial production of DADPM.The authors thank Huntsman Polyurethanes and CICYT (MAT2006-14274-C02-01), Project Prometeo from Generalitat Valenciana, Project MULTICAT (Consolider-Ingenio 2010) and Fundacion Areces for financial support.Botella Asuncion, P.; Corma Canós, A.; Carr, RH.; Mitchell, CJ. (2011). Towards an industrial synthesis of diaminodiphenylmethane (DADPM) using novel delaminated materials: A breakthrough step in the production of isocyanates for polyurethanes. Applied Catalysis A: General. 398(1):143-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2011.03.026S143149398

Recubrimientos híbridos-orgánico-inorgánicos resistentes a la corrosión, oxidación y desgaste y procedimiento para su producción a partir de suspensiones sol-gel con partículas vítreas o cerámicas sobre sustratos metálicos

Referencia OEPM: P200001745.-- Fecha de solicitud: 13/07/2000.-- Titular: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC).Esta patente presenta recubrimientos cerámicos y/o vítreos protectores, obtenidos a partir de suspensiones estables de soluciones híbridas sol-gel de alcóxidos y alquilalcóxidos, catalizadas en medio ácido, y con concentraciones entre 1 y 40% de partículas vítreas o cerámicas insolubles, de geometría diversa y cuyos tamaños están entre 1 y 10 μ, y el proceso para su deposición sobre sustratos metálicos, lisos o rugosos. La incorporación de las partículas permite el aumento de la resistencia al desgaste y de la resistencia a la oxidación en medios gaseosos a alta temperatura, y a la corrosión en medios líquidos ácidos, básicos o salinos.Peer reviewe

Long-term Effectiveness and Predictors of Transdiagnostic Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Emotional Disorders in Specialized Care: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Transdiagnostic internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) for emotional disorders has been shown to be effective in specialized care in the short term. However, less is known about its long-term effects in this specific setting. In addition, predictors of long-term effectiveness may help to identify what treatments are more suitable for certain individuals. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the long-term effectiveness of transdiagnostic iCBT compared with that of treatment as usual (TAU) in specialized care and explore predictors of long-term effectiveness. Methods: Mixed models were performed to analyze the long-term effectiveness and predictors of transdiagnostic iCBT (n=99) versus TAU (n=101) in public specialized mental health care. Outcomes included symptoms of depression and anxiety, health-related quality of life (QoL), behavioral inhibition and behavioral activation, comorbidity, and diagnostic status (ie, loss of principal diagnosis) from baseline to 1-year follow-up. Sociodemographic characteristics (sex, age, and education) and clinical variables (principal diagnosis, comorbidity, and symptom severity at baseline) were selected as predictors of long-term changes. Results: Compared with baseline, transdiagnostic iCBT was more effective than TAU in improving symptoms of depression (b=–4.16, SE 1.80, 95% CI –7.68 to –0.67), health-related QoL (b=7.63, SE 3.41, 95% CI 1.00-14.28), diagnostic status (b=–0.24, SE 0.09, 95% CI –1.00 to –0.15), and comorbidity at 1-year follow-up (b=–0.58, SE 0.22, 95% CI –1.00 to –0.15). From pretreatment assessment to follow-up, anxiety symptoms improved in both transdiagnostic iCBT and TAU groups, but no significant differences were found between the groups. Regarding the predictors of the long-term effectiveness of transdiagnostic iCBT compared with that of TAU, higher health-related QoL at follow-up was predicted by a baseline diagnosis of anxiety, male sex, and the use of psychiatric medication; fewer comorbid disorders at follow-up were predicted by older age and higher baseline scores on health-related QoL; and fewer depressive symptoms at follow-up were predicted by baseline diagnosis of depression. However, this pattern was not observed for baseline anxiety diagnoses and anxiety symptoms. Conclusions: The results suggest that transdiagnostic iCBT is more effective than TAU to target depressive symptoms among patients with emotional disorders. Anxiety symptoms remained stable at 1-year follow-up, with no differences between the groups. Results on predictors suggest that some groups of patients may obtain specific gains after transdiagnostic iCBT. Specifically, and consistent with the literature, patients with baseline depression improved their depression scores at follow-up. However, this pattern was not found for baseline anxiety disorders. More studies on the predictor role of sociodemographic and clinical variable

Mesoporous Silica and Oligo (Ethylene Glycol) Methacrylates-Based Dual-Responsive Hybrid Nanogels

Polymeric-inorganic hybrid nanomaterials have emerged as novel multifunctional platforms because they combine the intrinsic characteristics of both materials with unexpected properties that arise from synergistic effects. In this work, hybrid nanogels based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles, oligo (ethylene glycol) methacrylates, and acidic moieties were developed employing ultrasound-assisted free radical precipitation/dispersion polymerization. Chemical structure was characterized by infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. Hydrodynamic diameters at different temperatures were determined by dynamic light scattering, and cloud point temperatures were determined by turbidimetry. Cell viability in fibroblast (NIH 3T3) and human prostate cancer (LNCaP) cell lines were studied by a standard colorimetric assay. The synthetic approach allows covalent bonding between the organic and inorganic components. The composition of the polymeric structure of hybrid nanogels was optimized to incorporate high percentages of acidic co-monomer, maintaining homogeneous nanosized distribution, achieving appropriate volume phase transition temperature values for biomedical applications, and remarkable pH response. The cytotoxicity assays show that cell viability was above 80% even at the highest nanogel concentration. Finally, we demonstrated the successful cell inhibition when they were treated with camptothecin-loaded hybrid nanogels.Fil: Macchione, Micaela Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Aristizabal, Dariana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Rivero Buceta, Eva. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Tecnología Química; España. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; EspañaFil: Botella, Pablo. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Tecnología Química; España. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; EspañaFil: Strumia, Miriam Cristina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada; Argentin

The Garden and Landscape as an Interdisciplinary Resource Between Experimental Science and Artistic-Musical Expression: Analysis of Competence Development in Student Teachers

The garden is a major educational resource that can be used for all areas of knowledge from an interdisciplinary perspective as it reflects the complexity and interactions of the natural environment. This research was carried out in the academic years 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 with 418 participants of from the second, third, and fourth year of the Degree in Primary Education at the University of Valencia. The use of the garden and the landscape is analyzed as a non-formal context for training primary school teachers through sensory experiences that contribute to the development of scientific and artistic competencies. The study focused on the relationship between natural sounds and emotions to promote the environmental awareness and active listening that are necessary to improve auditory perception and reflect on health problems caused by noise pollution. During the project, we discovered the synergies between experimental sciences and artistic-musical expression and their importance for developing university students' competencies in the professional, personal, and collective spheres. The activities consisted of (1) a walking tour from the Faculty of Education to the garden at 1 km from the center, to reflect on the origin and characteristics of sound, emotions and their relationship with music; (2) sensory experiences in the garden through visual and auditory interaction with the landscape; and (3) an immersion in quasi-real scenarios created by virtual reality. The analysis was carried out by means of an ad hoc questionnaire with Likert-type items focused on aspects of the usefulness of gardens and the activities involved in the general and specific skills of the degree and open questions for reflections on emotional health, environmental sustainability, and artistic-musical creation as a representation of the environment. The results show the importance of the garden as a resource for training of primary teachers in a holistic and global approach that contributes to the development of teaching skills and the acquisition of knowledge based on sensory experiences with the landscape

El repertorio musical como elemento posibilitador de un enfoque sociocrítico en Educación Primaria. Estudio del currículum impartido en el municipio de Valencia

Este estudio constituye una primera aproximación analítica a una investigación más amplia cuyo objetivo es investigar el desarrollo del pensamiento sociocrítico en estudiantes de 5º y 6º de Educación Primaria a través de la utilización de un repertorio musical vinculado a contextos social y educativamente relevantes. Para ello, se ha analizado el repertorio musical utilizado y el grado de acuerdo e implementación del enfoque sociocrítico en los centros públicos de la ciudad de Valencia, aplicando un cuestionario a una muestra de n=80 maestros (N=92). Los resultados muestran un predominio en las aulas de la música clásico-romántica, escolar y folklórico- tradicional. Además, se demuestra que esta selección está condicionada por las representaciones de los maestros sobre la música. Por otra parte, la mayoría de estos coinciden con los principios del enfoque sociocrítico, pero pocos lo aplican. This study is a first look at a broader field that aims to research the development of a sociocritical thinking by the students in years 5 and 6 of elementary education through the use of a musical repertoire linked to social and educationally relevant contexts. For this purpose, an analysis has been made, in state schools of the city of Valencia, of the most used repertoire and the degree of agreement and implementation of the sociocritical approach by teachers. We sent a questionnaire to n=80 teachers (N=92). The results show a predominance of the classic-romantic, school and folk-traditional music in the classrooms. In addition, it is shown that this selection is conditioned by the teachers' representations of music. Moreover, most of the teachers agree with the socio-critical approach, but few of them apply it