ВПЛИВ РЕФОРМАТОРСЬКОЇ ПЕДАГОГІКИ НА РОЗВИТОК ТЕОРІЇ І ПРАКТИКИ НАВЧАННЯ І ВИХОВАННЯ В УКРАЇНІ У ПЕРШІЙ ТРЕТИНІ ХХ ст.: ІСТОРІОГРАФІЯ ПРОБЛЕМИ

The article analyzes the current native research about the impact of foreign reformed pedagogy in development of theory and practice of teaching and education in Ukraine in the first third of the twentieth century. On the basis of theses, monographs, article materials were found the main tendencies, achievements, gaps and prospects for further study of the problem.Key words: reformed pedagogy, historiography of Ukrainian pedagogy, professional teacher training.У статті проаналізовано сучасні вітчизняні наукові дослідження про вплив зарубіжної реформаторської педагогіки на розвиток теорії і практики навчання та виховання в Україні першої третини ХХ ст. На основі аналізу дисертаційних, монографічних, статейних матеріалів виявлено основні тенденції, здобутки, прогалини та перспективи подальшого вивчення цієї проблеми.Ключові слова: реформаторська педагогіка, історіографія української педагогічної науки, професійна підготовка вчителя

Alternative binders for immobilization of liquid organic radioactive waste

Проєкт отримав фінансування за програмою досліджень та навчання Євратому на 2019–2020 роки за грантовою угодою № 945098 1. Технологические и организационные аспекты обращения с радиоактивными отходами. МАГАТЭ, ВЕНА, 2005, IAEA-TCS-27 2. LIN, M., MACKENZIE, D.R., Tests of Absorbents and Solidification Techniques for Oil Wastes, Rep. BNL-NUREG-51589, Brook haven National Lab, Upton, NY (1983). 3. Патент РФ2317605 С1 МПК G21F 9/16. Способ цементирования жидких радиоактивных отходов, содержащих минеральные масла и/или органические жидкости, и устройство для его осуществления / ГУП Мос НПО «Радон», Варлаков А.П., Невров Ю.В., Горбунова О.А. и др., заявл. 04.07.2006 №2006] 2 3654/06] 4. Патент РФ 2437178, МПК G21F 9/20. Способ цементирования отработанных радиоактивных масел / ФГУП ПО «Маяк», Слюнчев О.М., Козлов П.В., Иванов И.А., заявл. 07.10.2010, опубл. 20.12.2011. 5. P. Duxson, A. Fernandez-Jimenez, J. L. Provis, G. C. Lukey, A. Palomo, J. S. J. van Deventer. Geopolymer technology: the current state of the art. J. Mater. Sci. 2007. 42(9). р. 2917–2933. 6. J.L. Provis, and J.S.J. Van Deventer, eds. Introduction to geopolymers. Structure, processing, properties and industrial applications, ed. J.L. Provis and J.S.J. Van Deventer. Woodhead Publishing in Materials : Cambridge, UK, 2009. 7. V. Cantarel, F. Nouaille, A. Rooses, D. Lambertin, A. Poulesquen, F. Frizon, Solidification/stabilisation of liquidoil waste in metakaolin-based geopolymer, J NucMat. 2015. 464. р. 16–19. 8. V. Cantarel, D. Lambertin, A. Poulesquen, F. Leroux, G. Renaudin, F. Frizon, Geopolymeras sembly by emulsion templating: emulsion stability and hardening mechanisms, Ceram. Int. 2018. 44. р. 10558–10568. 9. Charles Reeb, Christel Pierlot, Catherine Davy , David Lambertin “Incorporation of organic liquids in to geopolymer materials, A review o fprocessing, properties and applications”/ Ceramics International, 2021. Vol. 47, n. 6, p. 7369–7385. 10. Naqi J. Jang, recent progress in green cement technology utilizing low-carbon emission fuels and raw materials: a review, Substainability-Basel 11(2) (2019) 537, https://doi.org/10.3390/sull1020537 11. Глуховский В.Д. Пахомов В.А. Шлакощелочные цементы и бетоны. Киев : Будiвельник, 1978. 184 с. 12. Сhemistry and applications. 3rd eddition. France, Saint-Quentin: Institute Geopolymer, 2011. 614 p. 13. J.L. Provis, S.A. Bernal, Geopolimers and related alkali-activated materials, Annu. Rev. Mater. Rec. 2014. 44(1). р. 299–327, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-matsci-070813-113515 14. C. Shi, B.Qu, J.L. Provis, Recentprogressinlow-carbonbinders, Cem. Concr. Res. 2019. 122. р. 227–250, https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.cemconres.2019.05.009 15. C. Li, H. Sun, L. Li, A review: the comparison between alkali-activated slash(Si+Ca) and metakaolin (Si+Al) cement, Cem. Concr. Res. 2010. 40(9). p. 1341–1349, https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.cemconres.2010.03.020 16. Кривенко П.В., Пушкарьова К.К., Гоц В.І., Ковальчук Г.Ю. Цементи та бетони на основі паливних зол і шлаків. Київ : видавництво ТОВ «ІПК Експрес-Поліграф», 2012. 258 с. 17. Федоренко Ю.Г., Ольховик Ю.О., Розко А.М., Павлишин Г.П. Вплив компонентів геополімерних зв’язуючих на властивості компаундів при цементуванні борвміщуючих РРВ. Ядерна енергетика та довкілля. 2021. 2(21). С. 71–77. http:// doi.org/10.31717/2311 – 8253.21.2.6 18. Задвернюк Г.П. Поглинання нафти і нафтопродуктів глинами Черкаського родовища. Зб. наук. праць ІГНС. 2011. Вип. 19. С. 109–114.Під час експлуатації або при знятті з експлуатації енергоблоків АЕС утворюються рідкі органічні радіоактивні відходи, поводження з якими вимагає брати до уваги їхню природу і притаманні їм специфічні властивості. Більшість органічних відходів несумісні з навколишнім середовищем, тому варіант “розведення та скидання” не може бути застосовано до рідких органічних радіоактивних відходів. Крім іммобілізації радіонуклідів, органічні компоненти відходів повинні бути зруйновані або переведені в стабільну нетоксичну форму. Розглянуто і систематизовано технологічні особливості іммобілізації рідких органічних радіоактивних відходів (РОРВ) у геополімерну матрицю, яка може становити основу упаковки радіоактивних відходів та відповідати вимогам радіаційної безпеки для розміщення у сховищах для захоронення. Запропоновано застосування відповідних компонентів для покращення ефективності синтезу композиційних матеріалів з іммобілізованими РОРВ залежно від використаного технологічного регламенту та виду сировини. Розглянуто особливості механізму синтезу геополімерів в залежності від кількості CaO у сировині. Розглянуто переваги і недоліки різних способів кондиціонування РОРВ геополімерними зв’язуючими – пряме цементування, цементування емульсії та цементування насиченого маслом адсорбента. Для синтезу геополімерів з різними механізмами утворення застосовано метакаолін, золу виносу Дарницької ТЕС та шлак Маріупольського металургійного комбінату. Синтезовано зразки з безпосереднім введенням масла у геополімер, а також з застосуванням попередньої емульгації і неорганічних адсорбентів. Отримано компаунди з межею міцності на стиск більше 10 МПа, що відповідає вимогам для захоронення радіоактивних відходів у приповерхневих сховищах. Найбільшу міцність мають зразки на основі матеріалу з високим вмістом СаО – шлак з додаванням метакаоліну.During the operation or decommissioning of NPP units, liquid organic radioactive waste (LORW) is generated, the management of which requires taking into account their nature and their specific properties. Most organic waste is incompatible with the environment, so the “dilution and disposal” option cannot be applied to liquid organic radioactive waste. Technological features of immobilization of liquid organic radioactive waste (LORW) into a geopolymer matrix, which can form the basis of radioactive waste packaging, and meet the requirements for placement in storage facilities for disposal are considered and systematized. Several ways to condition LORW with geopolymer binders are used in the work. This is the so-called direct method, when the oil is introduced into the geopolymer before it hardens; the method by which the oil is previously converted into an emulsion by means of surfactants, which is then mixed into the geopolymer, and the method of pre-saturation of solid adsorbents with oil. The use of appropriate components to improve the efficiency of synthesis of composite materials with immobilized LORW depending on the used technological regulations and the type of raw materials is proposed. The peculiarities of the mechanism of geopolymer synthesis depending on the amount of CaO in the raw material are considered. The advantages and disadvantages of several methods of conditioning RORV with geopolymer binders are considered. Metakaolin, ash from the Darnytsya TPP and slag from the Mariupol Metallurgical Plant were used for the synthesis of geopolymers with different formation mechanisms. Samples with direct introduction of oil into the geopolymer, as well as with the use of preemulsification and inorganic adsorbents were synthesized. Сompounds with a compressive strength of more than 10 MPa are obtained. Samples based on a material with a high content of CaO – slag with the addition of metakaolin have the greatest strengt

Laser generation of CeAlO3 nanocrystals with perovskite structure

For the first time to the best of our knowledge, CeAlO3 nanocrystals with perovskite structure are synthesized by pulsed laser ablation technique. The morphological and optical properties of the obtained CeAlO3 nanocrystals are investigated. This work opens new prospects for the application of laser ablation methods for the generation of perovskite nanocrystals and development of novel nanocomposite structures, which can be applied for the fabrication of perovskite solar cells, scintillation detectors, catalysts, etc

Properties of Multidrug-Resistant Mutants Derived from Heterologous Expression Chassis Strain Streptomyces albidoflavus J1074

Streptomyces albidoflavus J1074 is a popular platform to discover novel natural products via the expression of heterologous biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). There is keen interest in improving the ability of this platform to overexpress BGCs and, consequently, enable the purification of specialized metabolites. Mutations within gene rpoB for the β-subunit of RNA polymerase are known to increase rifampicin resistance and augment the metabolic capabilities of streptomycetes. Yet, the effects of rpoB mutations on J1074 remained unstudied, and we decided to address this issue. A target collection of strains that we studied carried spontaneous rpoB mutations introduced in the background of the other drug resistance mutations. The antibiotic resistance spectra, growth, and specialized metabolism of the resulting mutants were interrogated using a set of microbiological and analytical approaches. We isolated 14 different rpoB mutants showing various degrees of rifampicin resistance; one of them (S433W) was isolated for the first time in actinomycetes. The rpoB mutations had a major effect on antibiotic production by J1074, as evident from bioassays and LC-MS data. Our data support the idea that rpoB mutations are useful tools to enhance the ability of J1074 to produce specialized metabolites

Ertugliflozin and Slope of Chronic eGFR: Prespecified Analyses from the Randomized VERTIS CV Trial

Background and objectives A reduction in the rate of eGFR decline, with preservation of $0.75 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year, has been proposed as a surrogate for kidney disease progression. We report results from prespecified analyses assessing effects of ertugliflozin versus placebo on eGFR slope from the eValuation of ERTugliflozin effIcacy and Safety CardioVascular outcomes (VERTIS CV) trial (NCT01986881). Design, setting, participants, & measurements Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease were randomized to placebo, ertugliflozin 5 mg, and ertugliflozin 15 mg (1:1:1). The analyses compared the effect of ertugliflozin (pooled doses, n55499) versus placebo (n52747) on eGFR slope per week and per year by random coefficient models. Study periods (weeks 0–6 and weeks 6–52) and total and chronic slopes (week 0 or week 6 to weeks 104, 156, 208, and 260) were modeled separately and by baseline kidney status. Results In the overall population, for weeks 0–6, the least squares mean eGFR slopes (ml/min per 1.73 m2 per week [95% confidence interval (95% CI)]) were 20.07 (20.16 to 0.03) and 20.54 (20.61 to 20.48) for the placebo and ertugliflozin groups, respectively; the difference was 20.47 (20.59 to 20.36). During weeks 6–52, least squares mean eGFR slopes (ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year [95% CI]) were 20.12 (20.70 to 0.46) and 1.62 (1.21 to 2.02) for the placebo and ertugliflozin groups, respectively; the difference was 1.74 (1.03 to 2.45). For weeks 6–156, least squares mean eGFR slopes (ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year [95% CI]) were 21.51 (21.70 to 21.32) and 20.32 (20.45 to 20.19) for the placebo and ertugliflozin groups, respectively; the difference was 1.19 (0.95 to 1.42). During weeks 0–156, the placebo-adjusted difference in least squares mean slope was 1.06 (0.85 to 1.27). These findings were consistent by baseline kidney status. Conclusions Ertugliflozin has a favorable placebo-adjusted eGFR slope .0.75 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year, documenting the kidney function preservation underlying the clinical benefits of ertugliflozin on kidney disease progression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Clinical Trial registry name and registration number: US National Library of Medicine, ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01986881. Date of trial registration: November 13, 2013

Effects of ertugliflozin on kidney composite outcomes, renal function and albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: an analysis from the randomised VERTIS CV trial

Aims/hypothesis In previous work, we reported the HR for the risk (95% CI) of the secondary kidney composite endpoint (time to first event of doubling of serum creatinine from baseline, renal dialysis/transplant or renal death) with ertugliflozin compared with placebo as 0.81 (0.63, 1.04). The effect of ertugliflozin on exploratory kidney-related outcomes was evaluated using data from the eValuation of ERTugliflozin effIcacy and Safety CardioVascular outcomes (VERTIS CV) trial (NCT01986881). Methods Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and established atherosclerotic CVD were randomised to receive ertugliflozin 5 mg or 15 mg (observations from both doses were pooled), or matching placebo, added on to existing treatment. The kidney composite outcome in VERTIS CV (reported previously) was time to first event of doubling of serum creatinine from baseline, renal dialysis/transplant or renal death. The pre-specified exploratory composite outcome replaced doubling of serum creatinine with sustained 40% decrease from baseline in eGFR. In addition, the impact of ertugliflozin on urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) and eGFR over time was assessed. Results A total of 8246 individuals were randomised and followed for a mean of 3.5 years. The exploratory kidney composite outcome of sustained 40% reduction from baseline in eGFR, chronic kidney dialysis/transplant or renal death occurred at a lower event rate (events per 1000 person-years) in the ertugliflozin group than with the placebo group (6.0 vs 9.0); the HR (95% CI) was 0.66 (0.50, 0.88). At 60 months, in the ertugliflozin group, placebo-corrected changes from baseline (95% CIs) in UACR and eGFR were −16.2% (−23.9, −7.6) and 2.6 ml min−1 [1.73 m]−2 (1.5, 3.6), respectively. Ertugliflozin was associated with a consistent decrease in UACR and attenuation of eGFR decline across subgroups, with a suggested larger effect observed in the macroalbuminuria and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease (KDIGO CKD) high/very high-risk subgroups. Conclusions/interpretation Among individuals with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic CVD, ertugliflozin reduced the risk for the pre-specified exploratory composite renal endpoint and was associated with preservation of eGFR and reduced UACR. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT0198688

Cardiovascular Outcomes with Ertugliflozin in Type 2 Diabetes

BACKGROUND The cardiovascular effects of ertugliflozin, an inhibitor of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2, have not been established. METHODS In a multicenter, double-blind trial, we randomly assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease to receive 5 mg or 15 mg of ertugliflozin or placebo once daily. With the data from the two ertugliflozin dose groups pooled for analysis, the primary objective was to show the noninferiority of ertugliflozin to placebo with respect to the primary outcome, major adverse cardiovascular events (a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke). The noninferiority margin was 1.3 (upper boundary of a 95.6% confidence interval for the hazard ratio [ertugliflozin vs. placebo] for major adverse cardiovascular events). The first key secondary outcome was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes or hospitalization for heart failure. RESULTS A total of 8246 patients underwent randomization and were followed for a mean of 3.5 years. Among 8238 patients who received at least one dose of ertugliflozin or placebo, a major adverse cardiovascular event occurred in 653 of 5493 patients (11.9%) in the ertugliflozin group and in 327 of 2745 patients (11.9%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.97; 95.6% confidence interval [CI], 0.85 to 1.11; P<0.001 for noninferiority). Death from cardiovascular causes or hospitalization for heart failure occurred in 444 of 5499 patients (8.1%) in the ertugliflozin group and in 250 of 2747 patients (9.1%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.88; 95.8% CI, 0.75 to 1.03; P=0.11 for superiority). The hazard ratio for death from cardiovascular causes was 0.92 (95.8% CI, 0.77 to 1.11), and the hazard ratio for death from renal causes, renal replacement therapy, or doubling of the serum creatinine level was 0.81 (95.8% CI, 0.63 to 1.04). Amputations were performed in 54 patients (2.0%) who received the 5-mg dose of ertugliflozin and in 57 patients (2.1%) who received the 15-mg dose, as compared with 45 patients (1.6%) who received placebo. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, ertugliflozin was noninferior to placebo with respect to major adverse cardiovascular events. (Funded by Merck Sharp & Dohme and Pfizer; VERTIS CV ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01986881.)

навчальний посібник

Конституційне право України: прагматичний курс : навч. посіб. / М. В. Афанасьєва, Ю. Ю. Бальцій, Ю. Д. Батан [та ін.] : за заг. ред. М. В. Афанасьєвої, А. А. Єзерова ; тех. ред. Ю. Д. Батан. - Одеса : Юридична література, 2017. - 256 с.Видання навчального посібника "Конституційне право України: прагматичний курс" спрямоване, передусім, врахувати потребу студентів у лаконічному та водночас комплексному викладенні навчального матеріалу, який би відповідав тематиці програми вступних випробувань з конституційного права України та відображав новітні конституційно-правові перетворення. Цінність даного посібника для вступників полягає в тому, що його структура дозволяє якнайкраще підготуватися до тестування, оскільки включає саме ті теми та питання, які включені до програми вступних випробувань. Крім того, прагматичний курс цінний для студентів 2-го курсу як опорний конспект лекцій при підготовці до практичних занять, а аткож до іспиту з конституційного права України. Навчальний посібник стане корисним при підготовці до державного екзаменаційного іспиту з конституційного права України для студентів 4-го курсу

Canagliflozin and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of bodysurface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 ), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of endstage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years. (Funded by Janssen Research and Development; CREDENCE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02065791.