118 research outputs found
Compatibility of \u3cem\u3eMetarhizium anisopliae\u3c/em\u3e (Metsch.) Sorok. with \u3cem\u3eOcimum sanctum\u3c/em\u3e Linn. (Tulsi) (Lamiaceae) Extracts
The compatibility of Metarhizium anisopliae with Ocimum sanctum was studied in vitro. Leaves, roots, stems and seed extracts of O. sanctum were mixed in a Potato Dextrose Agar and Potato Dextrose Broth. M. anisopliae was inoculated and the mycelial dry weight and spore count were assessed. The behavior of the fungus with the extracts was similar in terms of mycelial dry weight, except for methanol extracts of leaves, ether extracts of roots, water and acetone extracts of seeds and benzene, methanol and acetone extracts of stems which reduced the mycelial dry weight of the fungal colonies. Benzene extract of leaves and methanol extract of roots of O. sanctum were found to be highly compatible with M. anisopliae whereas ether extract of roots and benzene as well as acetone extracts of stem were classified as very toxic. The results of the current study revealed that O. sanctum extracts did not affect the inoculum potential of M. anisopliae in terms of mycelial dry weight and spore count and hence M. anisopliae was compatible with O. sanctum
Exopolysaccharide production by Bacillus subtilis NCIM 2063, Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIM 2862 and Streptococcus mutans MTCC 1943 using batch culture in different media
Three bacterial strains, Bacillus subtilis NCIM 2063, Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIM 2862 and Streptococcus mutans MTCC 1943 were examined for their exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing ability at the laboratory level. Basal salts solution (BSS), minimal salts medium (MSM), nitrogen free medium (NFM), chemically defined medium (CDM), milk medium (MLM) and sewage from different areas were used as nutrient source individually to assess EPS production by the above mentioned bacterial strains. Nitrogen free medium favoured more EPS production (Mean: 217.13, minimum: 206.000 and Maximum: 226.000). The highest EPS production was recorded in P. aeruginosa (226 ìg ml-1) grown in nitrogen free medium followed by S. mutans and B. subtilis (220 and 206 ìg ml-1 respectively) in nitrogen free medium after 7 days of incubation at 37°C. Analysis of carbon source in sewage samples indicated the presence of reducing monosaccharides. The purified EPS was soluble only in water and was free from protein contaminants
Toxicity of \u3cem\u3eGynandropsis pentaphylla\u3c/em\u3e DC Extracts Against Microbials and Its Phytochemical Profile
Fresh leaves, roots, stems, seeds and seed pods of Gynandropsis pentaphylla DC were used in extractions with benzene and ether. Fresh extracts were tested against 6 bacteria and 4 fungi using the well diffusion method. Extracts of roots, stems, leaves, seeds and seed pods were screened phytochemically for the presence of secondary metabolites such as tannin, alkaloid, flavones, sugar, phenolic group, essential oil, amino acids and saponin. All the phytochemicals were observed in all the plant part extracts using both ether and benzene. Among the bacterial cultures, Agrobacterium tumefaciens (NCIM 2145) was highly susceptible (28.0±0.3 mm) to both ether and benzene extracts of the leaves of G. pentaphylla. Also A. tumefaciens showed the highest average zone of inhibition for all extracts. Among the fungi, Penicillium notatum (NCIM 747) was highly susceptible (25.0±0.0 mm) to the benzene extracts of G. pentaphylla leaves. The extracts of leaves showed highest activity among all the plant parts. Highest activity index was observed for all extracts against the fungus P. notatum
Comentários sobre terror noturno: relato de caso
Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Department of PsychiatryUniversidade Federal de SãoPaulo Department of PsychobiologyUNIFESP, Department of PsychiatrySciEL
Daytime sleepiness in elementary school students: the role of sleep quality and chronotype
OBJECTIVE To investigate the occurrence of daytime sleepiness and associated sleep factors in a sample of elementary school students who attended school in the afternoon schedule. METHODS Sleep data from 363 Brazilian public school students (12.78 ± 1.36 years, 206 girls) were obtained by applying questionnaires in classrooms. All subjects attended school in the afternoon schedule, with classes starting between 1:00 and 1:20 p.m. Daytime sleepiness was assessed by the pediatric daytime sleepiness scale; sleep quality, by the mini-sleep questionnaire; and sleep patterns and chronotypes, by the Munich chronotype questionnaire. Scores equal to or greater than 15 pediatric daytime sleepiness scale points were considered as excessive daytime sleepiness. The predictive power of sleep variables on daytime sleepiness was evaluated by a multiple linear regression. RESULTS The subjects in the sample had an average time in bed greater than nine hours both on school days and on weekends. Nevertheless, 52.1% had an average pediatric daytime sleepiness scale score equal to or greater than 15 points, indicative of excessive daytime sleepiness. As for their quality of sleep, 41.1% had a very altered sleep. We observed, by a multiple linear regression, that quality of sleep (β = 0.417), chronotype (β = 0.174), mid-sleep on school days (β = 0.138), and time in bed (β = - 0.091) were all significant in predicting daytime sleepiness. CONCLUSION This study showed the occurrence of excessive daytime sleepiness in non-sleep deprived students who attended school in the afternoon. The worst quality of sleep and eveningness had a greater predictive power on daytime sleepiness than time in bed. Therefore, we must consider other factors in addition to sleep duration when planning interventions for daytime sleepiness
Efeito mediador da personalidade sobre as consequências do Jetlag social
Orientador: Prof. Dr. Fernando Mazzilli LouzadaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisiologia. Defesa : Curitiba, 22/06/2020Inclui referências: p. 71-83Resumo: Muitas das atividades da sociedade moderna estão distribuídas ao longo das 24 horas do dia. Com isso, as pessoas ficam sujeitas a alterações no ritmo do sono e no horário e amplitude de exposição à luz, levando a desajustes circadianos. Um exemplo desses desajustes é o jetlag social (JLS), que se refere à diferença entre o ponto médio do sono nos dias livres e nos dias úteis. O JLS leva a algumas consequências já descritas na literatura, como aumento no uso de substâncias, sintomas psicológicos, transtornos mentais, alterações metabólicas e comprometimento do rendimento acadêmico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o JLS em estudantes universitários e suas consequências ao longo de dois anos e se poderia haver um efeito mediador dos fatores de personalidade nessa relação. Foram avaliados 1126 alunos no primeiro ano na universidade, que responderam a questionários sobre o perfil epidemiológico, personalidade (Big Five Inventory), preferência circadiana (Morningness-Eveningness Quesitonnaire), cronotipo (Munich Chronotype Questionnaire), qualidade do sono (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory) e qualidade de vida (36-item Health-Related Quality of Life) e tiveram seu índice de massa corporal e índice de rendimento acadêmico medidos. No segundo ano foram reavaliados 566 e no terceiro ano 205 participantes. O JLS médio na primeira avaliação foi de 2,32 horas (DP = 1,33h) e não apresentou correlação significativa com o peso, qualidade de vida, qualidade de sono e uso de substâncias na comparação transversal, nem com a variação dessas medidas ao longo de dois anos. O JLS no primeiro ano na universidade correlacionou-se negativamente com as notas no final do terceiro ano (r = - 0,10). Após aplicação do modelo de equação estrutural, incluindo a conscienciosidade como fator mediador, o valor de correlação do JLS com as notas mudou para - 0,08. Esse foi o primeiro trabalho na literatura a avaliar o efeito mediador da personalidade sobre os efeitos do JLS. O fator conscienciosidade teve um efeito mediador de atenuar em 20% o efeito do JLS no rendimento acadêmico. Palavras-chave: Jetlag Social, Personalidade, Desempenho AcadêmicoAbstract: Many activities of the modern society are spread along the 24 hours of the day. Thereby, people are subject to alterations in sleep patterns and timing and amplitude of light exposition, leading to circadian disruptions. One of these disruptions is social jetlag (SJL) which refers to the difference between the midpoint of sleep in workdays and freedays. SJL leads to some consequences already found in literature, such as psychological symptoms, mental disorders, metabolic alterations and impairment of the academic achievement. The objective of this study was to evaluate SJL in undergraduate students and its consequences throughout two years and if there were a mediating effect of the Big Five factors of personality on this relationship. First-year 1126 university students answered questionnaires about demographic data, personality (Big Five Inventory), circadian preference (Morningness-Eveningness Quesitonnaire), chronotype (Munich Chronotype Questionnaire), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory) and quality of life (36-item Health-Related Quality of Life) and had measured their body mass index (BMI) and academic grade. In the second year 566 and in the third year 205 volunteers were re-evaluated. In the first evaluation, average SJL was 2.32 hours (SD = 1.33h) and did not related significantly with BMI, sleep quality, quality of life nor substance usage on the crossover comparison nor with the variation of those measures throughout two years. First-year SJL correlated with worse grades at the end of the third year (r = - 0.10). After structural equation modelling, including conscientiousness as a mediator factor, that value changed to - 0.08. This was the first study in the literature evaluating the mediating effect of personality on the consequences of SJL. Conscientiousness had a mediating effect of attenuating in 20% the effect of SJL on academic achievement. Keywords: Social Jetlag, Personality, Academic Achievemen
Biogenic synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Sargassum tenerrimum and its evaluation of antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi
1291-1297An important aspect of nanotechnology is the development of a reliable and ecofriendly method for the synthesis of nanomaterials. In the present study, Sargassum tenerrimum extract was used to synthesize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by the reduction of AuCl4− ions to Au0. The formation and morphology of the synthesized AuNPs were investigated using \UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The nanoparticles synthesized at 60 °C were spherical in shape while few were also hexagonal in shape with the size ranging between 10 and 40 nm. The antibacterial activity of AuNPs was tested against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Salmonella typhi (ATCC 6539). On examination under an epifluorescence microscope, it was found to cause a significant amount of deterioration to the bacterial cells
O cerebelo e os transtornos psiquiátricos
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this update article is to report structural and functional neuroimaging studies exploring the potential role of cerebellum in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. METHOD: A non-systematic literature review was conducted by means of Medline using the following terms as a parameter: cerebellum, cerebellar vermis, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety disorders, dementia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The electronic search was done up to April 2008. DISCUSSION: Structural and functional cerebellar abnormalities have been reported in many psychiatric disorders, namely schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, dementia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Structural magnetic resonance imaging studies have reported smaller total cerebellar and vermal volumes in schizophrenia, mood disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies using cognitive paradigms have shown alterations in cerebellar activity in schizophrenia, anxiety disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In dementia, the cerebellum is affected in later stages of the disease. CONCLUSION: Contrasting with early theories, cerebellum appears to play a major role in different brain functions other than balance and motor control, including emotional regulation and cognition. Future studies are clearly needed to further elucidate the role of cerebellum in both normal and pathological behavior, mood regulation, and cognitive functioning.OBJETIVO: Este artigo de atualização tem como objetivo avaliar estudos em neuroimagem estrutural e funcional a fim de explorar o papel do cerebelo na patofisiologia dos transtornos psiquiátricos. MÉTODO: Uma revisão não sistemática foi realizada através do Medline utilizando-se como parâmetro os seguintes termos: cerebellum, cerebellar vermis, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety disorders, dementia e attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. A busca eletrônica foi feita até abril de 2008. DISCUSSÃO: Anormalidades cerebelares estruturais e funcionais têm sido relatadas em muitos transtornos psiquiátricos, entre eles a esquizofrenia, transtorno bipolar, transtorno depressivo, transtornos ansiosos, demências e transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade. Estudos utilizando imagem por ressonância magnética estrutural relataram a diminuição do volume total do cerebelo e do vermis cerebelar na esquizofrenia, transtornos do humor e transtorno de falta de atenção com hiperatividade. Estudos utilizando ressonância magnética funcional e paradigmas cognitivos têm demonstrado alterações na atividade cerebelar na esquizofrenia, transtornos ansiosos e transtorno de falta de atenção com hiperatividade. Nas demências, o cerebelo é afetado nos estágios mais avançados dessas doenças. CONCLUSÃO: Contrastando com as primeiras teorias, o cerebelo parece apresentar um papel mais importante em diferentes funções cerebrais além do controle motor e do equilíbrio, incluindo a regulação emocional e cognição. Futuros estudos são necessários para melhor elucidar o papel do cerebelo em ambos os comportamentos, normal e patológico, na regulação do humor e nas funções cognitivas.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de Psiquiatria Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências ClínicasIrmandade da Santa Casa de São Paulo Centro de Atenção Integrada à Saúde MentalUniversidade Federal do TocantinsInstituto Sinapse de Neurociências ClínicasCentro de Pesquisa e Ensaios Clínicos Sinapse-BairralUNIFESP, Depto. de Psiquiatria Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências ClínicasSciEL
Esquizofrenia refratária: um problema clínico negligenciado
Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Schizophrenia ProgramUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Program for the Attention of Victims of Violence and StressUNIFESP, Schizophrenia ProgramUNIFESP, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical NeurosciencesUNIFESP, Program for the Attention of Victims of Violence and StressSciEL
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