In vitro evaluation of the influence of bone cortical thickness on the primary stability of conventional- and short-sized implants

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of the cortical thickness on the primary stability of short and conventional-sized implants with two types of prosthetic connection. Seventy-two implants were used. These implants were place

De Novo Assembly Of Candida Sojae And Candida Boidinii Genomes, Unexplored Xylose-consuming Yeasts With Potential For Renewable Biochemical Production.

Candida boidinii and Candida sojae yeasts were isolated from energy cane bagasse and plague-insects. Both have fast xylose uptake rate and produce great amounts of xylitol, which are interesting features for food and 2G ethanol industries. Because they lack published genomes, we have sequenced and assembled them, offering new possibilities for gene prospection.

Positive selection evidence in xylose-related genes suggests methylglyoxal reductase as a target for the improvement of yeasts' fermentation in industry

Xylose assimilation and fermentation are important traits for second generation ethanol production. However, some genomic features associated with this pentose sugar's metabolism remain unknown in yeasts. Comparative genomics studies have led to important insights in this field, but we are still far from completely understanding endogenous yeasts' xylose metabolism. In this work, we carried out a deep evolutionary analysis suited for comparative genomics of xylose-consuming yeasts, searching for of positive selection on genes associated with glucose and xylose metabolism in the xylose-fermenters' clade. Our investigation detected positive selection fingerprints at this clade not only among sequences of important genes for xylose metabolism, such as xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase, but also in genes expected to undergo neutral evolution, such as the glycolytic gene phosphoglycerate mutase. In addition, we present expansion, positive selection marks, and convergence as evidence supporting the hypothesis that natural selection is shaping the evolution of the little studied methylglyoxal reductases. We propose a metabolic model suggesting that selected codons among these proteins caused a putative change in cofactor preference from NADPH to NADH that alleviates cellular redox imbalance. These findings provide a wider look into pentose metabolism of yeasts and add this previously overlooked piece into the intricate puzzle of oxidative imbalance. Although being extensively discussed in evolutionary works the awareness of selection patterns is recent in biotechnology researches, rendering insights to surpass the reached status quo in many of its subareas11719231938COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPnão tem2013/08293-7; 2015/05578-6; 2017/07008-8; 2017/08519-

Glycerol Acetylation with Propionic Acid Using Iron and Cobalt Oxides in Al-MCM-41 Catalysts

In this work, Al-MCM-41 molecular sieves were synthesized, containing iron and/or cobalt oxides, impregnated by incipient wetness method, characterized and applied as catalysts in the acetylation reaction of glycerol with propionic acid to produce green glyceryl propionate molecules of high commercial value. According to this, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT-IR), adsorption/desorption N2 isotherms, textural analysis, and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis were recorded to evaluate the main characteristics of materials. The presence of Lewis and Brønsted acidic sites and catalysts surface area were observed as important key points to functionalize acetylation reaction. Thus, time reaction, temperature, and glycerol / propionic acid ratio varied to improve the most suitable reaction conditions and behaviors. As a result, glycerol conversion was above 96%, followed by 68% of selectivity to glyceryl monopropionate as well as the formation of glyceryl di- and tri- propionate and a small amount of ethylene glycol dipropionate as an undesired product. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)

Anticoagulação em grávidas com valva metálica : Anticoagulation in pregnant women with metallic valve

Este artigo analisou a produção científica sobre mulheres grávidas portadoras de Válvula Cardíaca Mecânica (VCM), que necessitam fazer o uso de anticoagulação, considerando as melhores opções terapêuticas, baseado no risco do uso de cada droga durante a gestação. A gravidez gera um estado de hipercoagulabilidade, que atrelado ao material sintético da prótese cardíaca, aumenta a chance de formação de trombo em relação às mulheres não grávidas. A literatura indica a possibilidade da utilização de Antagonista da Vitamina K (AVK) e Heparina de Baixo Peso Molecular (HBPM), tendo o AVK menos efeitos adversos na gestação. Porém, é aceito que o uso de heparina deve ser preconizado no primeiro trimestre de gestação, devido à possibilidade do AVK transpor a barreira placentária e gerar danos ao feto. Os resultados apontam a necessidade de adequação e monitorização da terapêutica desde o primeiro trimestre até o parto, conforme o impacto do fármaco em cada período gestacional. Apesar de haver um consenso sobre a necessidade das drogas, há discussão em relação aos riscos do uso na gestação, pois a incidência de efeitos adversos ainda é considerável

Anatomopathologic Study of Kidneys parasitized by Dioctophyme renale in Dogs

Background: Dioctophymiasis is a disease caused by the nematode Dioctophyme renale and is a relatively common condition in dogs. The parasite affects the kidney, especially the right, enters the kidney capsule and causes destruction and atrophy of the parenchyma. The lesion severity depends on the amount of parasites affecting the kidney, the duration of the infection, number of kidneys involved and concurrent occurrence of kidney disease. The disease’s clinical presentation may be asymptomatic or with nonspecific clinical signs. The diagnosis is based on ultrasound examination and the detection of eggs in urine, however, diagnosis is often reached only through necropsy or histopathology. This study aimed to analyze the dog kidney anatomical and pathological changes when parasitized by Dioctophyme renale.Materials, Methods & Results: The kidneys of 21 dogs diagnosed with dioctophymiasis were nephrectomized, analyzed by ultrasound and forwarded to macro and microscopic analysis. Macroscopically, the kidney size was measured as well as its renal capsule thicknes. The presences of dilatation of the renal pelvis and ureter, as well as changes of the capsule, were also observed. These fragments were collected and submitted for routine analysis and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Histopathological examination was performed blindly by three evaluators. The intensity of fibrosis was evaluated by the presence or absence of infiltration, the absence or presence of parasite eggs and when present whether there was inflammatory tissue response, among other changes. All received organs were right kidneys and showed clear atrophy or absence of the parenchyma. The kidney size ranged from 3,8x2,5x1,3 cm to 8,4x8,2x4,0 cm and the capsule thickness between 0.1 and 3.6cm. In renal capsule were observed whitish, irregular and firm plates (10 out of 21 cases) and papilliform projections (4 out of 21). In two specimens were identified cases of hydroureter and hydronephrosis. Microscopically, all specimens had some degree of fibrosis which replaced the renal parenchyma, six classified as mild, ten were moderate and five intense. In 13 cases there was intense deposition of parasite eggs and 18 cases showed inflammatory infiltrate of which one was pyogranulomatous and one granulomatous. Papilliform projections were observed in six out of 21 cases (composed of connective tissue proliferation and neovascularization), there was also hyperplasia of the pelvis transition epithelial (6 out of 21) and osseous metaplasia of the renal capsule (4 out of 21). The vessels walls were hypertrophic in nine out of 21 cases.Discussion: The diagnosis of dioctophymiasis was performed by ultrasonography. All 21 kidneys analyzed were rights; this is related to the parasite penetration in the duodenal wall, which tends to migrate by anatomic proximity to the right kidneys. Dioctophyme renale feeds through digestion and ingestion of the renal parenchyma by the action of parasite’s oesophageal enzymes causing progressive destruction of the cortical and medullar layers and consequently the proliferation of fibrous tissue. In this study, different intensities of fibrosis were observed. Bone metaplasia characterizes the chronicity of the process and the connective tissue’s attempt to adapt. Animals affected by dioctophymiasis often develop chronic renal failure. Chronic renal failure is characterized by continuous and irreversible morphologic changes in the renal parenchyma with loss of nephron components and the formation of a vicious cycle of replacement by fibrous connective tissue. The hypertrophy of vascular epithelium observed in six cases of this study may be associated with fibrous connective tissue proliferation stimulus. The injuries described here may be related to the parasitosis late diagnosis

Growth, Production and Chemical Composition of Eggplant ‘Ciça’ under Potassium Fertigation

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of potassium applied through fertigation in coverage of the development, production and chemical composition of eggplant ‘Ciça’ in an Oxisol. The treatments consisted of five rates of K2O (0, 36, 72, 108 and 144 kg ha-1 supplied by fertigation) and is used as source of potassium, in six installments topdressing applications. The irrigation system was of the type localized and drip irrigation was conducted via tank evaporimeter “Class A”. The harvest began 62 Days After Transplanting (DAT) extending by five months, and the characteristics were evaluated: plant height, leaf number, average weight, average length and average fruit diameter, fruit number per plant, production per plant, yield and fruit classification according to their size. At 85 DAT was performed to collect fruit for characterization as to the percentage of lipids, protein and fiber. Spite of potassium fertigation provide coverage for a reduction in the production and yield, the concentrations 36 kg ha-1 and 72 kg ha-1 of K2O applied through fertigation, increased features physicochemical evaluations.El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de las concentraciones de potasio aplicadas via fertirrigación en áreas cubiertas sobre el crecimiento, la producción y la composición química de la berenjena 'Ciça' en un Oxisol. Los tratamientos consistieron en cinco concentraciones de K2O (0; 36; 72; 108 y 144 kg ha-1 suministrados via fertirrigación), siendo utilizado como fuente el cloruro de potasio, parcelado em seis aplicaciones. El sistema de riego fue de tipo localizado por goteamiento y el manejo de irrigación fue realizado mediante tanque evaporímetro "Clase A". Los cultivos comenzaron 62 Días Después del Trasplante (DAT) prolongándose por cinco meses y las variables evaluadas fueron: altura del planta, número de hojas, peso fresco de los frutos, además del número de frutos por planta, producción por planta, productividad y clasificación de los frutos de acuerdo con su longitud y diámetro. A los 85 DAT se realizó la recoleta de frutos para la caracterización del porcentaje de lípidos, proteínas y fibras. Aunque la fertirrigación potásica en cobiertas proporciona una reducción en la producción y la productividad, las concentraciones de 36 kg ha-1 y 72 kg ha-1 de K2O aplicadas via fertirrigación incrementaron las características físico-químicas de los frutos.O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito das concentrações de potássio aplicadas via fertirrigação em cobertura sobre o crescimento, a produção e composição química de berinjela ‘Ciça’ em um Latossolo vermelho distroférrico. Os tratamentos foram compostos por cinco concentrações de K2O (0; 36; 72; 108 e 144 kg ha-1 fornecidos via fertirrigação), sendo utilizado como fonte o cloreto de potássio, parcelado em seis aplicações. O sistema de irrigação foi do tipo localizada por gotejamento e o manejo da irrigação foi realizado via tanque evaporímetro “Classe A”. As colheitas se iniciaram aos 62 Dias Após o Transplante (DAT) se prolongando por cinco meses e as variáveis avaliadas foram: altura de plantas, número de folhas, massa fresca dos frutos, além de número de frutos por planta, produção por planta, produtividade e classificação dos frutos de acordo com seu comprimento e diâmetro. Aos 85 DAT realizou-se a coleta de frutos para caracterização quanto à porcentagem de lipídeos, proteínas e fibras. Apesar da fertirrigação potássica em cobertura proporciona uma redução na produção e na produtividade, as concentrações de 36 kg ha-1 e 72 kg ha-1 de K2O aplicadas via fertirrigação, incrementaram as características físico-químicas dos frutos

CRESCIMENTO, PRODUÇÃO E COMPOSIÇÃO QUÍMICA DE BERINJELA ‘CIÇA’ SOB FERTIRRIGAÇÃO POTÁSSICA

<p>O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito das concentrações de potássio aplicadas via fertirrigação em cobertura sobre o crescimento, a produção e composição química de berinjela ‘Ciça’ em um Latossolo vermelho distroférrico. Os tratamentos foram compostos por cinco concentrações de K<span>2</span>O (0; 36; 72; 108 e 144 kg ha<span>-1 </span>fornecidos via fertirrigação), sendo utilizado como fonte o cloreto de potássio, parcelado em seis aplicações. O sistema de irrigação foi do tipo localizada por gotejamento e o manejo da irrigação foi realizado via tanque evaporímetro “Classe A”. As colheitas se iniciaram aos 62 Dias Após o Transplante (DAT) se prolongando por cinco meses e as variáveis avaliadas foram: altura de plantas, número de folhas, massa fresca dos frutos, além de número de frutos por planta, produção por planta, produtividade e classificação dos frutos de acordo com seu comprimento e diâmetro. Aos 85 DAT realizou-se a coleta de frutos para caracterização quanto à porcentagem de lipídeos, proteínas e fibras. Apesar da fertirrigação potássica em cobertura proporciona uma redução na produção e na produtividade, as concentrações de 36 kg ha<span>-1 </span>e 72 kg ha<span>-1 </span>de K<span>2</span>O aplicadas via fertirrigação, incrementaram as características físico-químicas dos frutos.</p><p><strong>Growth, Production and Chemical Composition of Eggplant ‘Ciça’ under Potassium Fertigation</strong></p><p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of potassium applied through fertigation in coverage of the development, production and chemical composition of eggplant ‘Ciça’ in an Oxisol. The treatments consisted of five rates of K<span>2</span>O (0, 36, 72, 108 and 144 kg ha-<span>1 </span>supplied by fertigation) and is used as source of potassium, in six installments topdressing applications. The irrigation system was of the type localized and drip irrigation was conducted via tank evaporimeter “Class A”. The harvest began 62 Days After Transplanting (DAT) extending by five months, and the characteristics were evaluated: plant height, leaf number, average weight, average length and average fruit diameter, fruit number per plant, production per plant, yield and fruit classification according to their size. At 85 DAT was performed to collect fruit for characterization as to the percentage of lipids, protein and fiber. Spite of potassium fertigation provide coverage for a reduction in the production and yield, the concentrations 36 kg ha<span>-1 </span>and 72 kg ha<span>-1 </span>of K<span>2</span>O applied through fertigation, increased features physicochemical evaluations.</p><p><strong>Crecimiento, producción y composición química de la berenjena ‘Ciça’ bajo fertirrigación potásica</strong></p><p>El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de las concentraciones de potasio aplicadas via fertirrigación en áreas cubiertas sobre el crecimiento, la producción y la composición química de la berenjena ‘Ciça’ en un Oxisol. Los tratamientos consistieron en cinco concentraciones de K<span>2</span>O (0; 36; 72; 108 y 144 kg ha<span>-1 </span>suministrados via fertirrigación), siendo utilizado como fuente el cloruro de potasio, parcelado em seis aplicaciones. El sistema de riego fue de tipo localizado por goteamiento y el manejo de irrigación fue realizado mediante tanque evaporímetro “Clase A”. Los cultivos comenzaron 62 Días Después del Trasplante (DAT) prolongándose por cinco meses y las variables evaluadas fueron: altura del planta, número de hojas, peso fresco de los frutos, además del número de frutos por planta, producción por planta, productividad y clasificación de los frutos de acuerdo con su longitud y diámetro. A los 85 DAT se realizó la recoleta de frutos para la caracterización del porcentaje de lípidos, proteínas y fibras. Aunque la fertirrigación potásica en cobiertas proporciona una reducción en la producción y la productividad, las concentraciones de 36 kg ha<span>-1 </span>y 72 kg ha<span>-1 </span>de K<span>2</span>O aplicadas via fertirrigación incrementaron las características físico-químicas de los frutos.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p

Metagenomic Approaches for Understanding New Concepts in Microbial Science

Over the past thirty years, since the dawn of metagenomic studies, a completely new (micro) universe was revealed, with the potential to have profound impacts on many aspects of the society. Remarkably, the study of human microbiome provided a new perspective on a myriad of human traits previously regarded as solely (epi-) genetically encoded, such as disease susceptibility, immunological response, and social and nutritional behaviors. In this context, metagenomics has established a powerful framework for understanding the intricate connections between human societies and microbial communities, ultimately allowing for the optimization of both human health and productivity. Thus, we have shifted from the old concept of microbes as harmful organisms to a broader panorama, in which the signal of the relationship between humans and microbes is flexible and directly dependent on our own decisions and practices. In parallel, metagenomics has also been playing a major role in the prospection of “hidden” genetic features and the development of biotechnological applications, through the discovery of novel genes, enzymes, pathways, and bioactive molecules with completely new or improved biochemical functions. Therefore, this review highlights the major milestones over the last three decades of metagenomics, providing insights into both its potentialities and current challenges

Níveis de fertirrigação nas características morfofisiológicas de mudas de rúcula

Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar o efeito da fertirrigação com a formulação 04-14-08 de NPK, nas características morfofisiológicas de mudas de rúcula (Euruca sativa Miller). O experimento foi conduzido na Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), utilizando-se o fertilizante líquido da marca Murer®. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos casualizados, com seis doses do fertilizante líquido (0, 1,25; 2,5; 5,0; 10,0 e 20,0 mL L-1) diluído na água de irrigação, com quatro repetições, sendo avaliadas 10 plantas por parcela. Realizou-se uma única fertirrigação, aos 15 dias após a germinação (15 DAG). Foram determinadas características morfofisiológicas das plantas. Concluiu-se que a maior dose do fertilizante na água de irrigação proporcionou os maiores valores de comprimento da parte aérea, massa fresca e massa seca da parte aérea das plantas de rúcula