Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effect of in vitro digested cookies baked using different types of flours and fermentation methods

There is an increased amount of evidence showing that consumption of whole grains and whole-grain-based products is associated with a reduction of the risk of developing many diseases, due mainly to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of their components.In this study, cookies, baked using different types of flours and fermentation methods, were digested in vitro and supplemented to cultured liver cells. Three different flours (ancient KAMUT® khorasan wheat grown in North America, ancient khorasan wheat grown in Italy, and modern durum wheat) and two different types of fermentation (standard and lactic fermentation) were used. This experimental design allowed us to supplement cells with a real food part of the human diet, and to consider possible differences related to the food matrix (types of flour) and processing (methods of fermentation). Cells were supplemented with the bioaccessible fractions derived from cookies in vitro digestion. Although results herein reported highlight the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of all the supplementations, cookies made with khorasan flours appeared the most effective, particularly when the ancient grain was grown in North America under the KAMUT® brand. In light of the attempts to produce healthier food, this study underlines the importance of the type of grain to obtain baked products with an increased nutritional and functional value

Growing and stabilizing metallic nanoparticles inside mesoporous oxide thin films

Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) have interesting size-dependent optical properties and a high surface to volume ratio that make them appealing for many different applications, such as sensing, catalysis, energy conversion and storage, biomedicine, etc. These applications require avoiding NPs degradation, coarsening and/or aggregation. The use of porous templates has become a promising strategy to attain this objective. In particular, ordered mesoporous oxides prepared by sol-gel reactions combined with supramolecular templates are highly appealing supports, due to their high specific surface and regular and accessible porosity. Moreover, if these oxides are prepared as thin films, the manipulation and integration in portable devices is straightforward.In this work, different alternatives to obtain metallic NPs stabilized within mesoporous oxide thin films are discussed. Firstly, the major effect of mesoporous TiO2 thin films pores ordering over the amount and distribution of Au NPs obtained within is presented, along with the discussion of the architecture effect over the materials sensing capabilities.Afterwards, the use of hybrid mesoporous thin films containing carboxylic and phosphonate groups as templates to form and stabilize Cu and Ag nanoparticles is presented. In all cases, the key effect of the surface chemistry over synthesis of the composites and their applications is highlighted.Fil: Zalduendo, María Mercedes. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia - Nodo Constituyentes | Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia - Nodo Constituyentes.; ArgentinaFil: Steinberg, Paula Yael. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia - Nodo Constituyentes | Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia - Nodo Constituyentes.; ArgentinaFil: Coneo Rodríguez, Rusbel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia - Nodo Constituyentes | Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia - Nodo Constituyentes.; ArgentinaFil: Bordoni, Andrea Veronica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia - Nodo Constituyentes | Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia - Nodo Constituyentes.; ArgentinaFil: Angelome, Paula Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia - Nodo Constituyentes | Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia - Nodo Constituyentes.; Argentin

Temperature response of luminescent tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II)-doped silica nanoparticles

Nanoparticle-based temperature imaging is an emerging field of advanced applications. Herein, the sensitivity of the phosphorescence of tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II)-doped silica nanoparticles towards temperature is studied. 130 nm size particles were prepared by a modification of Stöber’s method, that allows the incorporation of Ru[(bpy)3]2+ into the outer particle shell. The entrapped Ru[(bpy)3]2+ retains its photophysical properties, yet the emission of the particles is not affected by the presence of O2, neither by anionic quenchers; quenching by MV2+, on the other hand, is strongly dependent on pH. Between 20 and 60 °C, the steady-state emission of the particles decreases linearly with increasing temperature. The slope of the straight line diminishes slightly on thermal cycling, but soon stabilizes. Fluorescence measurements by scanning confocal microscopy indicate that the silica nanoparticles doped with Ru[(bpy)3]2+ can indeed be employed to probe thermal processes in micro-environments.Fil: Mirenda, Martin. Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica. Centro Atomico Constituyentes; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Levi, Valeria. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Biológica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Bossi, Mariano Luis. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Bruno, Luciana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Física; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Bordoni, Andrea Veronica. Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica. Centro Atomico Constituyentes; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Regazzoni, Alberto Ernesto. Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica. Centro Atomico Constituyentes; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Wolosiuk, Alejandro. Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica. Centro Atomico Constituyentes; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Click-based thiol-ene photografting of COOH groups to SiO2 nanoparticles: Strategies comparison

We present the study of the anchoring of carboxylic groups on SiO2 nanoparticles from different approximations based on the photochemical radical thiol-ene addition (PRTEA) reaction: a photografting approach between mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA) and vinyl-modified SiO2 nanoparticles and the post-grafting on the surface of silica colloids of the silane precursor 2-((2-(trimethoxysilyl)ethyl)thio)succinic acid (TMSMSA), obtained from the PRTEA. These synthetic strategies were compared with a widely common derivatization methodology based on the nucleophilic attack of surface-anchored amino groups with succinic anhydride. The successful functionalization of the colloidal silica was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential at different pH and contact angle measurements. We found that although these three approaches were valid for −COOH immobilization, they had a noticeable impact on the dispersability and agglomeration of the colloidal suspension at the end of the synthesis. Scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) measurements indicated that the PRTEA photografting between MSA and vinyl-modified SiO2 resulted in highly dispersed colloidal particles. On the other hand, the presence of surface −COOH groups was highly beneficial for redispersion of the colloidal material after lyophilization or freeze-drying procedures.Fil: Penelas, María Jazmín. Universidad Nacional de San Martin. Instituto de Nanosistemas; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Seguridad Nuclear y Ambiente. Gerencia de Química (CAC); ArgentinaFil: Soler Illia, Galo Juan de Avila Arturo. Universidad Nacional de San Martin. Instituto de Nanosistemas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Levi, Valeria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Bordoni, Andrea Veronica. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Seguridad Nuclear y Ambiente. Gerencia de Química (CAC); Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Wolosiuk, Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Seguridad Nuclear y Ambiente. Gerencia de Química (CAC); Argentin

Nanoporous silica nanoparticles functionalized with a fluorescent turn-on spirorhodamineamide as pH indicators

We prepared water soluble, biocompatible fluorescent turn-on pH nanosensors and characterized their behavior as a function of changes in pH. The response relies on a halochromic reaction of a spirorhodamineamide derived from the bright and highly chemically and photo-stable rhodamine 6G, encapsulated in core/nanoporous shell silica nanoparticles. The fluorescent sensors displayed a fast response in the pH range of intracellular compartments. The encapsulation conferred solubility in aqueous environments and biocompatibility. We assessed the two main properties of the sensor, namely the useful pH range and the kinetics of the response, and compared them to those of the free probe. We found that such properties are strongly dependent on the functionalization and position in the silica matrix relative to the core/shell structure. Finally, we demonstrated the cellular uptake of the nanosensors, and their localization in lysosomes of living cells, by fluorescence confocal microscopy.Fil: Di Paolo, Matias Andres. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía; ArgentinaFil: Roberti, Maria Julia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía; ArgentinaFil: Bordoni, Andrea Veronica. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Seguridad Nuclear y Ambiente. Gerencia de Química (CAC); Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia - Nodo Constituyentes | Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia - Nodo Constituyentes.; ArgentinaFil: Aramendia, Pedro Francisco. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias "Elizabeth Jares Erijman"; ArgentinaFil: Wolosiuk, Alejandro. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Seguridad Nuclear y Ambiente. Gerencia de Química (CAC); Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia - Nodo Constituyentes | Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia - Nodo Constituyentes.; ArgentinaFil: Bossi, Mariano Luis. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía; Argentin

Copper nanoparticles synthesis in hybrid mesoporous thin films: Controlling oxidation state and catalytic performance through pore chemistry

The room temperature synthesis of copper (Cu) nanoparticles (NPs) supported within SiO2 mesoporous thin films (MTF) modified with either COOH or NH2 functional groups is reported. The functional groups present in the MTF surface acted as adsorption sites for Cu (II) ions, which were afterwards reduced to Cu NPs in presence of sodium borohydride at room temperature. The oxidation state of the copper NPs, corroborated by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy, was strongly dependent on the functional group present in the pores of the MTF and on the number of adsorption/reduction (A/R) cycles applied for NPs loading. Metallic Cu (0) NPs were obtained in MTFs displaying COOH groups applying 10 A/R cycles while NPs with higher oxidation state were as well present after 20 A/R cycles. For MTF functionalized with NH2 groups the copper is present as Cu (I) and Cu(II) in the NPs but no Cu (0) can be detected. The MTF-Cu(CuOx) composite materials were tested as catalysts for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol in the presence of NaBH4. Catalytic activity of composite materials depends on the oxidation state of Cu NPs, being more active those samples containing Cu (0) NPs, synthesized from COOH functionalized MTFs.Fil: Coneo Rodríguez, Rusbel. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Seguridad Nuclear y Ambiente. Gerencia de Química (CAC); Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Yate, Luis. No especifíca;Fil: Coy, Emerson. Adam Mickiewicz University; PoloniaFil: Martínez Villacorta, Ángel M.. No especifíca;Fil: Bordoni, Andrea Veronica. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Seguridad Nuclear y Ambiente. Gerencia de Química (CAC); Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Moya, Sergio. No especifíca;Fil: Angelome, Paula Cecilia. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Seguridad Nuclear y Ambiente. Gerencia de Química (CAC); Argentin

HDAC1 inhibition by MS-275 in mesothelial cells limits cellular invasion and promotes MMT reversal

Peritoneal fibrosis is a pathological alteration of the peritoneal membrane occurring in a variety of conditions including peritoneal dialysis (PD), post-surgery adhesions and peritoneal metastases. The acquisition of invasive and pro-fibrotic abilities by mesothelial cells (MCs) through induction of MMT, a cell-specific form of EMT, plays a main role in this process. Aim of this study was to evaluate possible effects of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, key components of the epigenetic machinery, in counteracting MMT observed in MCs isolated from effluent of PD patients. HDAC inhibitors with different class/isoform selectivity have been used for pharmacological inhibition. While the effect of other inhibitors was limited to a partial E-cadherin re-expression, MS-275, a HDAC1-3 inhibitor, promoted: (i) downregulation of mesenchymal markers (MMP2, Col1A1, PAI-1, TGFβ1, TGFβRI) (ii) upregulation of epithelial markers (E-cadherin, Occludin), (iii) reacquisition of an epithelial-like morphology and (iv) marked reduction of cellular invasiveness. Results were confirmed by HDAC1 genetic silencing. Mechanistically, MS-275 causes: (i) increase of nuclear histone H3 acetylation (ii) rescue of the acetylation profile on E-cadherin promoter, (iii) Snail functional impairment. Overall, our study, pinpointing a role for HDAC1, revealed a new player in the regulation of peritoneal fibrosis, providing the rationale for future therapeutic opportunities

Granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells increased in early phases of primary HIV infection depending on TRAIL plasma level

Background It has been demonstrated that Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSC) are expanded in HIV-1 infected individuals and correlated with disease progression. The phase of HIV infection during which MDSC expansion occurs, and the mechanisms that regulate this expansion remain to be established. In this study we evaluated the frequency of MDSC in patients during primary HIV infection, and factors involved in MDSC control. Methods Patients with primary (PHI) and chronic (CHI) HIV infection were enrolled. PHI staging was performed according to Fiebig classification, and circulating MDSC frequency and function were evaluated by flow cytometry. Cytokine levels were evaluated by Luminex technology. Results We found that granulocytic MDSC (Gr-MDSC) frequency was higher in PHI compared to healthy donors, but lower than CHI. Interestingly, Gr-MDSC expansion was observed in the early phases of HIV infection (Fiebig II/III), but it was not associated to HIV viral load and CD4 T cell count. Interestingly, in PHI Gr-MDSC frequency was inversely correlated with plasmatic level of TRAIL, while a direct correlation was observed in CHI. Further, lower level of GMCSF was observed in PHI compared with CHI. In vitro experiments demonstrated that, differently from CHI, recombinant TRAIL induced apoptosis of Gr-MDSC from PHI, can effect that can be abrogated by GM-CSF. Conclusion We found that Gr-MDSC are expanded early during primary HIV infection and may be regulated by TRAIL and GM-CSF levels. These findings shed light on the fine mechanisms regulating the immune system during HIV infection, and open new perspectives for immune-based strategies

Role of Kamut® brand khorasan wheat in the counteraction of non-celiac wheat sensitivity and oxidative damage

It has been suggested that ancient grains show lower immunogenic properties and therefore can be introduced in the diet of non-celiac wheat-sensitive people. In the present study we investigated the possible difference in inflammation caused by feeding ancient Kamut® wheat pasta (KP) compared to modern durum wheat pasta (WP) to rats. The effect of the two experimental diets on the oxidative status was also compared in basal condition and after an exogenous oxidative stress. In rats fed WP the histological evaluation of the duodenum morphology evidenced a flattened mucosa, an unusual shape and shortening of the villi, and a high lymphocyte infiltration, while no modifications were detected in KP fed animals. The fecal metabolite profiling was differently modified by the two diets, suggesting significant changes in the gut microflora. Furthermore, the results confirmed previous data on the antioxidant protection in rats by Kamut® wheat foods. It is conceivable that Kamut® components can act through a hormetic effect, eliciting an adaptive response that protects the organism against both oxidative stress and inflammatio

Strontium titanate (SrTiO3) mesoporous coatings for enhanced strontium delivery and osseointegration on bone implants

The incorporation of strontium (Sr) in titania enhances surface bioactivity and has a positive effect on pre-osteoblastic cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. Strontium titanate mesoporous films (SrTiMFs) with 30% pore volume and a 20% Sr molar content have been prepared by the evaporation induced self-assembly method. SrTiMFs display a large internal surface area available for exchange of Sr, which is released in cell media up to 44% within the first 8 h. SrTiMFs improve attachment of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblastic cells, which show larger filopodia and more elongated features than cells attached to plain mesoporous titania films (MTFs). SrTiMFs also display improved cell proliferation and differentiation rates indicating that overall Sr incorporation into mesoporous titania coatings can lead to enhanced osseointegration during the early stages of bone tissue formation.Fil: Escobar, Ane. Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biomateriales; EspañaFil: Muzzio, Nicolás Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas; Argentina. Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biomateriales; EspañaFil: Angelome, Paula Cecilia. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Seguridad Nuclear y Ambiente. Gerencia de Química (CAC); Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Constituyentes; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Bordoni, Andrea Veronica. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Seguridad Nuclear y Ambiente. Gerencia de Química (CAC); Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Constituyentes; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Martínez, Angel. Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biomateriales; EspañaFil: Bindini, Elisa. Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biomateriales; EspañaFil: Coy, Emerson. Adam Mickiewicz University. Nanobiomedical Centre; PoloniaFil: Andreozzi, Patrizia. Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biomateriales; EspañaFil: Grzelczak, Marek. Donostia International Physic Center; . Basque Foundation for Science; EspañaFil: Moya, Sergio E.. Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biomateriales; Españ