Comparison of posterior cranial fossa morphometric measurements in Chiari type I patients with and without syrinx cavity on magnetic resonance imaging

Purpose: To compare the posterior fossa measurements of Chiari type I malformation (CHM1) patients with and without syrinx and with a control group. Material and methods: The patients with syrinx were divided into 2 groupd according to syrinx width/cord width (S/C) ratios: group 1 – S/C ratio 50%. The length of the clivus, the AP length of the foramen magnum, the AP length of the posterior fossa, the perpendicular distance between the McRae line and (a) the splenium of corpus callosum, (b) the pons, and (c) the fastigium of the 160 patients and of the 160 control patients were statistically compared. In addition, the measurements of the patients with and without syrinx, according to the S/C ratio, were statistically compared. Results: Syrinx was present in 59 (36.8 %) of the 160 patients. The S/C ratio was 50% in 29 (49.1%) of them. All the measurements in the patient group, except of the AP length of the foramen magnum, were statistically significantly lower than in the control group (p = 0.001). There was no signif icant difference in the measurements of the patients with syrinx group 1 and the patients without syrinx, but the AP length of posterior fossa was statistically significantly lower in the patients with syrinx group 2 than the patients without syrinx (p = 0.03). Conclusion: The S/C ratio can be a guide to the underlying aetiology

Re-emergence of genotype G9 during a five-and-a-half-year period in Turkish children with rotavirus diarrhea.

This study was done to understand the dynamics of rotavirus genotype distribution in Turkish children. Samples were collected from January 2006 through August 2011 from children at a hospital in Ankara. Rotavirus was detected in 28 % (241/889) of the samples. Genotype G9P[8] was predominant (28 %), followed by G1P[8] (16.3 %) and G2P[8] (15.9 %). G9 was absent in the samples from 2006 and 2007 and then re-emerged in 2008 and increased gradually. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Turkish G9 rotaviruses of the present study formed a sublineage with strains from Italy and Ethiopia, possibly indicating spread of a clone in these countrie

The Turkish Version of the Juvenile Arthritis Multidimensional Assessment Report (JAMAR)

The Juvenile Arthritis Multidimensional Assessment Report (JAMAR) is a new parent/patient reported outcome measure that enables a thorough assessment of the disease status in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). We report the results of the cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the parent and patient versions of the JAMAR in the Turkish language. The reading comprehension of the questionnaire was tested in 10 JIA parents and patients. Each participating centre was asked to collect demographic, clinical data and the JAMAR in 100 consecutive JIA patients or all consecutive patients seen in a 6-month period and to administer the JAMAR to 100 healthy children and their parents. The statistical validation phase explored descriptive statistics and the psychometric issues of the JAMAR: the 3 Likert assumptions, floor/ceiling effects, internal consistency, Cronbach\u27s alpha, interscale correlations, test-retest reliability, and construct validity (convergent and discriminant validity). A total of 466 JIA patients (13.7% systemic, 40.6% oligoarticular, 22.5% RF negative poly-arthritis, and 23.2% other categories) and 93 healthy children were enrolled in four centres. The JAMAR components discriminated well-healthy subjects from JIA patients. All JAMAR components revealed good psychometric performances. In conclusion, the Turkish version of the JAMAR is a valid tool for the assessment of children with JIA and is suitable for use both in routine clinical practice and clinical research

Dynamic replication strategies in data grid systems: A survey

In data grid systems, data replication aims to increase availability, fault tolerance, load balancing and scalability while reducing bandwidth consumption, and job execution time. Several classification schemes for data replication were proposed in the literature, (i) static vs. dynamic, (ii) centralized vs. decentralized, (iii) push vs. pull, and (iv) objective function based. Dynamic data replication is a form of data replication that is performed with respect to the changing conditions of the grid environment. In this paper, we present a survey of recent dynamic data replication strategies. We study and classify these strategies by taking the target data grid architecture as the sole classifier. We discuss the key points of the studied strategies and provide feature comparison of them according to important metrics. Furthermore, the impact of data grid architecture on dynamic replication performance is investigated in a simulation study. Finally, some important issues and open research problems in the area are pointed out

Altered Activation of Innate Immunity Associates with White Matter Volume and Diffusion in First-Episode Psychosis

First-episode psychosis (FEP) is associated with inflammatory and brain structural changes, but few studies have investigated whether systemic inflammation associates with brain structural changes in FEP. Thirty-seven FEP patients (median 27 days on antipsychotic medication), and 19 matched controls were recruited. Serum levels of 38 chemokines and cytokines, and cardiovascular risk markers were measured at baseline and 2 months later. We collected T1-and diffusion-weighted MRIs with a 3 T scanner from the patients at baseline. We analyzed the association of psychosis-related inflammatory markers with gray and white matter (WM) volume using voxel-based morphometry and WM diffusion using tract-based spatial statistics with whole-brain and region-of-interest (ROI) analyses. FEP patients had higher CCL22 and lower TGFa, CXCL1, CCL7, IFN-alpha 2 and ApoA-I than controls. CCL22 decreased significantly between baseline and 2 months in patients but was still higher than in controls. The association between inflammatory markers and FEP remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, smoking and BMI. We did not observe a correlation of inflammatory markers with any symptoms or duration of antipsychotic treatment. Baseline CCL22 levels correlated negatively with WM volume and positively with mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity bilaterally in the frontal lobes in ROI analyses. Decreased serum lan association between circulating chemokine levels and WM in FEP patients. Interestingly, CCL22 has been previously implicated in autoimmune diseases associated with WM pathology. The results suggest that an altered activation of innate immunity may contribute to WM damage in psychotic disorders.evel of ApoA-I was associated with smaller volume of the medial temporal WM. In whole-brain analyses, CCL22 correlated positively with mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity, and CXCL1 associated negatively with fractional anisotropy and positively with mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity in several brain regions. This is the first report to demonstratePeer reviewe

Accidental death due to intentionally usage of organophosphate: Report of two cases

Abstract The use of organophosphates (OP

Evaluation of Honour Killings in Turkey

Honour killings are still pervasive in many societies. The aim of this study is to reveal the characteristics of the victims of honour killings and honour killers in Malatya province between 2000 and 2004, and to review the concept of honour killings in Turkey. Data are collected from the records of Malatya Higher Criminal Court. The results are discussed in the light of the data obtained from Turkish Republic Ministry of Justice. There were 36 honour killings in Malatya between 2000 and 2004. An overwhelming majority of the killers lived in the rural areas, and were employed in agriculture (n=22, 61%). Of all victims, 44% were killed with fire arms. An overwhelming majority of the victims were close relatives of their killers (n=25 %70). Sixty-seven percent of the victims were killed in their homes or workplaces. In Turkey, a total of 2736 people were murdered between 2001 and 2008, and out of 2736 victims 511 were female. Prevention of honour killings will definitely decrease the number of murdered women. [Med-Science 2013; 2(2.000): 640-8

Accidental death due to intentionally usage of organophosphate: Report of two cases

The use of organophosphates (OP) in agriculture as insecticides is widespread all over the world. Except for this purpose, it is known that OP have been using against pediculosis capitis in human. We report unusual causes of organophosphate poisoning. A 7 years old child and her mother were admitted to the emergency unit due to poisoning after exposure from emulsion of OP that was used for the treatment of head lice. The daughter who was poisoned by the way of inhalation and direct contact brought to the emergency unit with cardiac arrest. Child was revived with cardio-pulmonary resuscitation, but died at the eighteen days of the treatment in intensive care unit. The mother was bradicardic when she admitted to the emergency unit. After the primary treatment, the mother was taken to the intensive care unit. The mother was discharged after the medical treatment in the intensive care unit for 6 days. The hairs of patients were cut, clothes were removed and bodies were washed in order to avoid recontamination. This is important also for avoiding from contamination of surrounding healthcare personnel. Misuses of OP toxicities are not rare and it may be life threatening. Some of accidental poisonings are intentionally misuse for a purpose of treatment. It should be written on each box that OP should not be used for other purposes like treatment of head lice. [Med-Science 2012; 1(3.000): 206-210

Incest Relationship between a Sister and Mentally Retarded Brother which Resulted in Pregnancy and Birth: A Case Report

Incest is an illegal sexual relationship which is encountered in all societies and more often seen in childhood with psychologically destructive effects. The incest is presented between an antaomically virgin girl who experienced sexual relations resulting pregnancy and birth, with her older brother who didnt have adequate sexual relationship information and thought he was playing games, re-enacting what seen on films and television. The girl 12 year-old at the time of incest, didnt realise that she was pregnant so the pregnancy couldn't be terminated and she gave birth to a baby. Applied tests, the accused brother was determined with mild mental retardation, but he had been educated to high school level. The girl was determined to have developed a severe mental disorder because of the event. In this case of incest which resulted in a birth, the girl was found to be victim, the sister and the infants mother and the boy with mental retardation was the perpetrator. Our aim was to draw attention to destructive effects within the family of incest. In addition, incest cases are rarely seen, it should be pointed out that besides the girl as victim, the mentally-retarded brother and the newborn infant were also victims. [Med-Science 2016; 5(2.000): 709-14