Effects of synchronous music among elite endurance athletes

Effects of synchronous music were investigated in two field studies. In Study 1, music effects were assessed among two elite triathletes and six elite runners during three training runs. A custom-designed iPhone application was developed to record in-task RPE, feeling states, mood responses, distance run, cadence and heart rate data. Compared to the no-music condition, participants ran, on average, 7.5% and 7.2% further but reported lower RPE and more positive feelings and mood responses when running to synchronous music (d = .35) and a music-led condition (d = .29), respectively. In Study 2, nine elite ultra-distance athletes participating in 24-hr and 48-hr races listened to rotating playlists of synchronous motivational music, neutral music, audiobook and silence delivered by iPhone. During the 18-24 hr period, motivational music was associated with a 14 sec, 18 sec and 27 sec per 400-m lap improvement compared to silence (d = .39, p < .01), neutral music (d = .54, p < .001) and audio book (d = .54, p < .001) conditions, respectively. Collectively, findings supported the judicious use of music interventions among endurance athletes

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in hospitalized adults with community-acquired pneumonia

Introduction: Community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the infectious disease with the highest number of deaths worldwide. Several studies have shown an association between vitamin D deficiency and increases susceptibility to respiratory tract infections. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels in hospitalized adults in general room with CAP. Materials and methods: An observational study was carried out in 207 hospitalized adults of both sex with CAP (>18 years) from Rosario city, Argentina (32° 52′ 18″S) between July 2015 and June 2016. Results: In total, 167 patients were included in the data analysis [59% women (57.4 ± 19.6 years), body mass index 27.2 ± 7.8 kg/m2]. In brief, 63% showed unilobar infiltrate and 37% were multilobar. The CURB‐65 index was 66.5% low risk, 16.0% intermediate risk and 17.5% high risk. According to Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) 53.5% had not comorbidity (CCI = 0) and 46.5% showed CCI ≥ 1. The 25OHD level was: 11.92 ± 7.6 ng/mL (51.5%: 30 ng/mL). Higher 25OHD were found in male (female: 10.8 ± 6.7 ng/mL, male: 13.5 ± 8.5 ng/mL, P = .02) and 25OHD correlated with age (r = –.17; P = .02). 25‐Hydroxyvitamin D was also correlated with CURB65 index (r = –.13; P = .049), CCI (r = –.20, P = .007) and with the 10 years of life expectative (%) (r = .19; P = .008). In addition, higher 25OHD were found with lower CCI (CCI 0 = 13.0 ± 8.2 ng/mL, CCI ≥ 1= 10.5 ± 6.7 ng/mL; P = .0093). Conclusions: Hospitalized adults with CAP have lower 25OHD levels and would be associated with the severity of CAP.Fil: Brance, María Lorena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Laboratorio de Biología Ósea; ArgentinaFil: Miljevic, Julio Norberto. Provincia de Santa Fe. Municipalidad de Rosario; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Tizziani, Raquel. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina. Provincia de Santa Fe. Municipalidad de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Taberna, María E.. Provincia de Santa Fe. Municipalidad de Rosario; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Grossi, Georgina P.. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina. Provincia de Santa Fe. Municipalidad de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Toni, Pablo. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina. Provincia de Santa Fe. Municipalidad de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Valentini, Elina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina. Sanatorio de la Mujer; ArgentinaFil: Trepat, Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina. Sanatorio de la Mujer; ArgentinaFil: Zaccardi, Julia. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina. Hospital Español de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Moro, Juan. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina. Hospital Español de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Finuci Curi, Baltasar. Provincia de Santa Fe. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Provincial de Rosario; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Tamagnone, Norberto. Provincia de Santa Fe. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Provincial de Rosario; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Ramirez, Mariano. Sanatorio Plaza de Rosario; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Severini, Javier. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina. Provincia de Santa Fe. Municipalidad de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Chiarotti, Pablo Ignacio. Provincia de Santa Fe. Municipalidad de Rosario; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Consiglio, Francisco. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina. Sanatorio Laprida de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Piñeski, Raúl. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina. Sanatorio Laprida de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Ghelfi, Albertina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina. Provincia de Santa Fe. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Escuela "Eva Perón"; ArgentinaFil: Kilstein, Jorge Guillermo. Provincia de Santa Fe. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Escuela "Eva Perón"; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Street, Eduardo. Hospital Rosendo García de Rosario; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Moretti, Dino. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina. Sanatorio Delta de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Oliveto, Viviana. Sanatorio Nuestra Señora del Rosario; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Mariño, Marcelo. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina. Sanatorio Británico de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Manera, Jorge. Sanatorio Británico de Rosario; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Brun, Lucas Ricardo Martín. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; Argentin

Specific Considerations Relevant to Critical Illness

Only recently it has been recognized that vitamin D, which in reality is a steroid prohormone, may be of great interest to various aspects of critical illness not only because of its classic function in the regulation of calcium homeostasis but of its suspected pleiotropic effects. Since 2011, several observational studies have demonstrated a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and adverse outcomes, specifically higher mortality in this vulnerable population. The major current vitamin D and nutrition guidelines do not specifically address vitamin D requirements of critically ill patients, and typical nutrition formulas and supplements contain only modest amounts that are likely insufficient to correct vitamin D deficiency or unable to cover even daily requirements of severely ill individuals. In this chapter, the current knowledge on vitamin D is summarized and an overview on data that are specifically relevant to a number of disease states in critically ill patients is given. Readers are also referred to the general aspects of vitamin D as it pertains to acute illness in the chapter by Dr Youssef et al