Negative hybrid capture in a single intraepithelial corneal dysplasia

As displasias intraepiteliais de córnea correspondem a lesões de baixo risco de malignidade, dentro do espectro das neoplasias intraepiteliais da superfície ocular. Essas displasias se apresentam como áreas leucoplásicas e têm como um dos principais fatores de risco o papilomavírus humano (HPV). No presente trabalho, os autores descrevem um caso de displasia intraepitelial isolada de córnea, tratada através de excisão cirúrgica, com confirmação histológica e resultado negativo de hibridização de DNA para HPV.Cornea intraepithelial dysplasias are lesions with low risk of malignancy within the spectrum of intraepithelial neoplasia of the ocular surface. These areas are presented as dysplasias or leukoplasias and are associated with the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV), a major risk factor. In this report, the authors describe a case of a corneal intraepithelial dysplasia treated by surgical excision, with histological confirmation and negative DNA hybridization for HPV

Retinal Capillary Network and Foveal Avascular Zone in Eyes with Vein Occlusion and Fellow Eyes Analyzed With Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Purpose: To evaluate the perifoveolar retinal capillary network at different depths and to quantify the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in eyes with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) compared with their fellow eyes and healthy controls using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography angiography (SD-OCTA). Methods: We prospectively recruited 23 patients with RVO including 15 eyes with central RVO (CRVO) and 8 eyes with branch RVO (BRVO), their fellow eyes, and 8 age-matched healthy controls (8 eyes) for imaging on prototype OCTA software within RTVue-XR Avanti. The 3 × 3 mm and 6 × 6 mm en face angiograms of superficial and deep retinal capillary plexuses were segmented. Perifoveolar retinal capillary network was analyzed and FAZ was quantified. Results: Decrease in vascular perfusion at the deep plexus was observed in all eyes with CRVO (8/8, 100%) and BRVO (6/6, 100%) without cystoid macular edema, and in 8 of 15 (53%) and 2 of 8 (25%) of the fellow eyes, respectively. Vascular tortuosity was observed in 13 of 15 (87%) CRVO and 5 of 8 (63%) BRVO eyes. Collaterals were seen in 10 of 15 (67%) CRVO and 5 of 8 (63%) BRVO eyes. Mean FAZ area was larger in eyes with RVO than their fellow eyes (1.13 ± 0.25 mm[superscript 2] versus 0.58 ± 0.28 mm[superscript 2]; P = 0.007) and controls (1.13 ± 0.25 mm[superscript 2] versus 0.30 ± 0.09 mm[superscript 2]; P < 0.0001), and in fellow eyes of RVO patients when compared to controls (0.58 ± 0.28 mm[superscript 2] versus 0.30 ± 0.09 mm[superscript 2]; P = 0.01). Conclusions: Spectral-domain OCTA reveals abnormalities at different levels of perifoveolar retinal capillary network and is able to quantify the FAZ in RVO. Longitudinal studies may be considered to evaluate the clinical utility of OCTA in RVO and other retinal vascular diseases.Massachusetts Lions Eye Research Fund, Inc.Brazil. Ministry of Educatio

Vitreous Pharmacokinetics and Retinal Safety of Intravitreal Preserved Versus Non-preserved Triamcinolone Acetonide in Rabbit Eyes

Purpose: To compare the intravitreal pharmacokinetic profile of a triamcinolone acetonide formulation containing the preservative benzyl alcohol (TA-BA) versus a preservative-free triamcinolone acetonide formulation (TA-PF), and evaluate potential signs of toxicity to the retina. Methods: A total of 60 New Zealand male white rabbits, divided into two groups, were studied. In the TA-BA group, 30 rabbits received an intravitreal injection of TA-BA (4 mg/0.1ml) into the right eye. In the TA-PF group, 30 rabbits received an intravitreal injection of TA-PF (4 mg/0.1ml) into the right eye. The intravitreal drug levels were determined in 25 animals from each group by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The potential for toxicity associated with the intravitreal triamcinolone injections was evaluated in five randomly selected animals from each group by electroretinography (ERG) and by light microscopy. Results: Median intravitreal concentrations of TA-BA (mu g/ml) were 1903.1, 1213.0, 857.8, 442.0, 248.6 at 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after injection. Intravitreal concentrations of TA-PF (mu g/ml) were 1032.9, 570.1, 516.6, 347.9, 102.8 at 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after injection. The median intravitreal triamcinolone concentration was significantly higher in the TA-BA compared to the TA-PF group at 7 days post-injection (p &lt; 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in median triamcinolone concentration at the other time points evaluated. There was no evidence of toxic effects on the retina in either group based on ERG or histological analyses. Conclusions: Following a single intravitreal injection, the median concentration of triamcinolone acetonide is significantly higher in the TA-BA compared to the TA-PF group at 7 days post-injection. No toxic reactions in the retina were observed in either group

Optical coherence tomography angiography artifacts in retinal pigment epithelial detachment

Objective: To describe optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) reflectance artifacts secondary to retinal pigment epithelial detachment (RPED). Design: Retrospective review. Methods: Four eyes from 4 subjects were included. Three presented with RPED and 1 eye was a normal control. Two eyes diagnosed with RPED and the normal eye were evaluated using en face OCTA centred at the fovea acquired using the RTVue XR Avanti (Optovue Inc). In the third eye with RPED, OCTA imaging was performed using a CIRRUS 5000 prototype modified to do OCTA imaging on a spectral domain OCT platform provided by Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc. The segmented OCTA angiograms were overlaid to determine if the flow patterns seen at the edge of the RPEDs were due to reflectance from the inner retinal vessels, also known as "decorrelation tails?' Results: OCTA projection artifacts were noted when segmentation lines intersected with the boundary of the RPED. The overlaid segmented OCTA from the 3 RPED eyes imaged using each system revealed the same vasculature pattern at the edges of the RPED as that of the inner retina, demonstrating the "decorrelation tails" artifact, which caused the RPED to appear as a bright ring on the segmented OCTA. Conclusions: OCTA images are susceptible to various known artifacts. This series describes the impact of the projection artifact seen at the edges of an RPED that simulates appearance of flow but is actually due to reflectance of the inner retinal vasculature on the RPED.Carl Zeiss MeditecOptoVueTopcon Medical Systems Inc.Massachusetts Lions ClubsMacula Vision Research Foundation, New YorkCAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia, DF, BrazilTufts Univ, New England Eye Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USATufts Univ, Tufts Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USAUniv Fed Goias, Goiania, Go, BrazilMIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USAMIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USAUniv Fed São Paulo, Dept Ophthalmol, São Paulo, BrazilCarl Zeiss Meditec Inc, Dublin, CA USAUniv Hosp Birmingham NHS Fdn Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hosp Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, EnglandUniv Fed São Paulo, Dept Ophthalmol, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of Chorioretinal Diseases

Fluorescein angiography (FA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) have been the gold standard for the evaluation of retinal and choroidal vasculature in the last three decades and have revolutionized the diagnosis of retinal and choroidal vascular diseases. The advantage of these imaging modalities lies in their ability to document retinal and choroidal vasculature through the dynamic assessment of contrast transit over time in the intravascular and extravascular spaces. However, disadvantages include the absence of depth resolution, blurring of details by contrast leakage, and the inability to selectively evaluate different levels of the retinal and choroidal microvasculature. In addition, these angiographic methods require intravenous dye, which may cause adverse reactions such as nausea, vomiting, and rarely, anaphylaxis. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a noninvasive imaging technique that, in contrast to dye-based angiography, is faster and depth-resolved, allowing in some cases for more precise evaluation of the vascular plexuses of the retina and choroid. The method has been demonstrated in the assessment of various vascular diseases such as venous occlusions, diabetic retinopathy, macular neovascularization, and others. Limitations of this imaging modality include a small registered field of view and the inability to visualize leakage and dye transit over time. It is also subject to a variety of artifacts, including those generated by blinking and eye movement during image acquisition. However, more than an alternative for FA and ICGA, OCTA is bringing new insights to our understanding of retinal and choroidal vascular structure and is changing fundamental paradigms in the clinical management of pathologic conditions.Macula Vision Research FoundationMassachusetts Lions ClubCAPES FoundationMinistry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia, DF, BrazilCarl Zeiss MeditecOptoVueUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Sao Paulo, BrazilTufts Med Ctr, New England Eye Ctr, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USAUniv Miami, Miller Sch Med, Bascom Palmer Eye Inst, Dept Ophthalmol, Miami, FL 33136 USAToronto Retina Inst, Toronto, ON, CanadaUniv Fed Goias, Goiania, Go, BrazilUniv Hosp Birmingham NHS Fdn Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hosp Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, EnglandInst Olhos Tres Lagoas, Tres Lagoas, MS, BrazilCDO, Tres Lagoas, MS, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Sao Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc