Ötzi the Iceman. Examining new evidence from the famous copper age mummy

The Iceman mummy, nicknamed Ötzi, was discovered in 1991 amidst sheets of melting ice on the Tisenjoch pass of the Similaun glacier in the Tyrolean Alps. He was found on the border between Italy and Austria, at an altitude of 3,200 m above sea level. He is a well-preserved male human corpse, dark in color, and dates to the early Copper Age, indicating he is more than 5,000 years old (ca. 3,250 yrs. cal BCE). His belongings, scattered around the body, included a bow and quiver with arrows, a complete copper-bladed axe, a flint dagger with a wicker sheath, two birch wood vessels clad with maple leaves, remnants of a backpack, a leather pouch with small objects, fur and leather garments, shoes, and other minor artifacts. When scientists realized the antiquity of the find, the media response was overwhelming and Ötzi captivated audiences far and wide

Obtención de compuestos de alto valor añadido a partir de subproductos de la refinación del aceite de oliva

In this paper a complete review of by-products coming from the olive oil refining process is reported. By-products from both chemical and physical refining are discussed, along with their compositional properties. Also the technological aspects of by-product valorisation are discussed in comparison with the competitors coming from other oils and fats. The only olive oil by-products having unique composition are the ones containing squalene in high concentration.El trabajo hace una revisión completa de los subproductos obtenidos de la refinación del aceite de oliva. Se comentan tanto los subproductos procedentes de la refinación química como de la física. Igualmente, se comparan los aspectos tecnológicos de la valorización de estos subproductos con respecto a los procedentes de otros aceites o grasas. Los únicos subproductos procedentes del aceite de oliva que tienen composición específica son aquellos que contienen alta concentración de escualeno

Come formare educatori e educatrici di infanzia 0-6

The contribution discusses the new regulatory guidelines for initial training of earlychildhood educators in Italy: the bill 2433 on School Professionals and the Law107/2015, called “Good School”, where, at point 182, letter 3, the integrated educational system from birth to six years is outlined.In the light of what has been said in some European documents on early childhoodeducation services, drafted by the European Commission ad by OECD, and considering a long standing reference literature on childhood and its developmental possibilities, it is stressed the need, for both day-care centers educators and for preschool teachers, of a peculiar and specific initial formation. Of this training, the contribution offers some suggestions both in terms of curricular content and of methodologies to be used.Il contributo discute le nuove indicazioni normative che attualmente in Italia sonopreviste per la formazione degli educatori della prima infanzia: disegno di legge2433 sulle professioni educative e legge della “buona scuola” ove si delinea ilsistema integrato di educazione dalla nascita fino a sei anni. Alla luce di quantoaffermato in alcuni documenti europei di indirizzo relativi ai servizi educativi perla prima infanzia, e a elementi assodati di una estesa letteratura di riferimento circale caratteristiche dell’età infantile e le sue possibilità evolutive, viene sottolineatala necessità, sia per gli educatori di asilo nido sia per gli insegnanti dellascuola dell’infanzia, di una formazione iniziale peculiare e specifica. Di tale formazione il contributo offre alcuni suggerimenti in termini sia di contenuti curricolari sia di metodologie da utilizzare

La “non direttività” come prospettiva educativa e di ricerca. Un approccio esperienziale alla didattica universitaria

Verrà presentata una pratica didattica adottata da alcuni anni all’interno del corso di Pedagogia generale C.P. dell’Università di Pavia. Tale pratica consiste nel proporre la conduzione e l’analisi di un colloquio non direttivo di tipo rogersiano, dopo aver fornito gli strumenti teorici necessari. A questo scopo vengono presentate e discusse con gli studenti indicazioni operative precise sia per la realizzazione del colloquio e della sua analisi, sia per la composizione di un dossier che renda conto di entrambe. Obiettivo principale di tale proposta è la formazione all’approccio non-direttivo come strumento di comunicazione e ricerca educativa

Hand to mouth in a Neandertal : right-handedness in regourdou 1

We describe and analyze a Neandertal postcranial skeleton and dentition, which together show unambiguous signs of right-handedness. Asymmetries between the left and right upper arm in Regourdou 1 were identified nearly 20 years ago, then confirmed by more detailed analyses of the inner bone structure for the clavicle, humerus, radius and ulna. The total pattern of all bones in the shoulder and arm reveals that Regourdou 1 was a right-hander. Confirmatory evidence comes from the mandibular incisors, which display a distinct pattern of right oblique scratches, typical of right-handed manipulations performed at the front of the mouth. Regourdou's right handedness is consistent with the strong pattern of manual lateralization in Neandertals and further confirms a modern pattern of left brain dominance, presumably signally linguistic competence. These observations along with cultural, genetic and morphological evidence indicate language competence in Neandertals and their European precursors

Experimental design in Behavior Analysis: discussion on its use in inclusive educational interventions

A aplicação de intervenções educacionais inclusivas por agentes educacionais em estudantes da educação especial deveria ser sistematicamente avaliada, para garantir replicação futura dos procedimentos e resultados, a partir do uso de um delineamento experimental adequado à proposta. O objetivo foi analisar como pesquisas aplicadas podem contribuir no arranjo de intervenções educacionais inclusivas mais sistemáticas, a partir do uso de delineamentos experimentais em Análise do Comportamento; discutir a tomada de decisão para a escolha de um delineamento e o impacto dessa escolha nos dados coletados e no conhecimento que se deseja produzir, especialmente a partir do envolvimento dos diferentes agentes educacionais na aplicação de intervenções pedagógicas com estudantes com DI ou TEA. Discute-se a garantia de um delineamento que avalie os resultados das intervenções aplicadas por agentes e a dificuldade de identificar um delineamento que assegure com precisão científica o impacto de cada intervenção aplicada por cada um deles.L’application d’interventions éducatives inclusives par des agents de l’éducation à des étudiants de l’éducation specialisée devrait être systématiquement évaluée afin de garantir la reproduction à l’avenir des procédures et des résultats de l’utilisation d’un plan expérimental approprié. L’objectif était d’analyser en quoi la recherche appliquée pouvait contribuer à le arrangement d’interventions éducatives inclusives plus systématiques, fondées sur l’utilisation de modèles expérimentaux dans l’analyse comportementale; discuter de la prise de décision pour le choix d’un design et de l’impact de ce choix sur les données collectées et les connaissances à produire, en particulier grâce à la participation des différents agents de l’éducation à la mise en œuvre d’interventions pédagogiques auprès d’élèves présentant un IDD ou un TSA. Il traite de la garantie d’un plan qui évalue les résultats des interventions appliquées par les agents et de la difficulté d’identifier un plan qui assure avec une précision scientifique l’impact de chaque intervention appliquée.La aplicación de intervenciones educativas inclusivas por agentes educativos a los estudiantes de la educación especial debería ser sistemáticamente evaluada para garantizar la futura replicación de los procedimientos y resultados a partir del uso de un diseño experimental adecuado a la propuesta. El objetivo del texto fue analizar cómo las investigaciones aplicadas pueden contribuir a la disposición de intervenciones educativas inclusivas más sistemáticas, a partir del uso de diseños experimentales en el Análisis de la Conducta; así como discutir la toma de decisiones para seleccionar un diseño y el impacto de esa elección en los datos recolectados y en el conocimiento que se desea producir, especialmente desde la participación de los diferentes agentes educativos en la aplicación de intervenciones pedagógicas con estudiantes con DI o TEA. Se discute la garantía de un diseño que evalúe los resultados de las intervenciones aplicadas por agentes y la dificultad de identificar un diseño que garantice con precisión científica el impacto de cada intervención aplicada por cada uno de ellos.The application of inclusive educational interventions by educational agents to special education students should be systematically evaluated to ensure future replication of procedures and results from the use of an adequate experimental design. The aim was to analyze how applied researches can contribute to the arrangement of more systematic inclusive educational interventions, based on the use of experimental designs in Behavior Analysis; to discuss decision making for choosing a design and the impact of this choice on the data collected and on the knowledge to be produced, especially from the involvement of different educational agents in the application of pedagogical interventions with students with ID or ASD. It discusses the guarantee of a design that evaluates the results of interventions applied by agents and the difficulty to identify a design that assures with scientific precision the impact of each intervention applied

Experimental design in Behavior Analysis: discussion on its use in inclusive educational interventions

The application of inclusive educational interventions by educational agents to special education students should be systematically evaluated to ensure future replication of procedures and results from the use of an adequate experimental design. The aim was to analyze how applied researches can contribute to the arrangement of more systematic inclusive educational interventions, based on the use of experimental designs in Behavior Analysis; to discuss decision making for choosing a design and the impact of this choice on the data collected and on the knowledge to be produced, especially from the involvement of different educational agents in the application of pedagogical interventions with students with ID or ASD. It discusses the guarantee of a design that evaluates the results of interventions applied by agents and the difficulty to identify a design that assures with scientific precision the impact of each intervention applied.La aplicación de intervenciones educativas inclusivas por agentes educativos a los estudiantes de la educación especial debería ser sistemáticamente evaluada para garantizar la futura replicación de los procedimientos y resultados a partir del uso de un diseño experimental adecuado a la propuesta. El objetivo del texto fue analizar cómo las investigaciones aplicadas pueden contribuir a la disposición de intervenciones educativas inclusivas más sistemáticas, a partir del uso de diseños experimentales en el Análisis de la Conducta; así como discutir la toma de decisiones para seleccionar un diseño y el impacto de esa elección en los datos recolectados y en el conocimiento que se desea producir, especialmente desde la participación de los diferentes agentes educativos en la aplicación de intervenciones pedagógicas con estudiantes con DI o TEA. Se discute la garantía de un diseño que evalúe los resultados de las intervenciones aplicadas por agentes y la dificultad de identificar un diseño que garantice con precisión científica el impacto de cada intervención aplicada por cada uno de ellos.A aplicação de intervenções educacionais inclusivas por agentes educacionais em estudantes da educação especial deveria ser sistematicamente avaliada, para garantir replicação futura dos procedimentos e resultados, a partir do uso de um delineamento experimental adequado à proposta. O objetivo foi analisar como pesquisas aplicadas podem contribuir no arranjo de intervenções educacionais inclusivas mais sistemáticas, a partir do uso de delineamentos experimentais em Análise do Comportamento; discutir a tomada de decisão para a escolha de um delineamento e o impacto dessa escolha nos dados coletados e no conhecimento que se deseja produzir, especialmente a partir do envolvimento dos diferentes agentes educacionais na aplicação de intervenções pedagógicas com estudantes com DI ou TEA. Discute-se a garantia de um delineamento que avalie os resultados das intervenções aplicadas por agentes e a dificuldade de identificar um delineamento que assegure com precisão científica o impacto de cada intervenção aplicada por cada um deles.L’application d’interventions éducatives inclusives par des agents de l’éducation à des étudiants de l’éducation specialisée devrait être systématiquement évaluée afin de garantir la reproduction à l’avenir des procédures et des résultats de l’utilisation d’un plan expérimental approprié. L’objectif était d’analyser en quoi la recherche appliquée pouvait contribuer à le arrangement d’interventions éducatives inclusives plus systématiques, fondées sur l’utilisation de modèles expérimentaux dans l’analyse comportementale; discuter de la prise de décision pour le choix d’un design et de l’impact de ce choix sur les données collectées et les connaissances à produire, en particulier grâce à la participation des différents agents de l’éducation à la mise en œuvre d’interventions pédagogiques auprès d’élèves présentant un IDD ou un TSA. Il traite de la garantie d’un plan qui évalue les résultats des interventions appliquées par les agents et de la difficulté d’identifier un plan qui assure avec une précision scientifique l’impact de chaque intervention appliquée

Special Resins for Stereolithography: In Situ Generation of Silver Nanoparticles

The limited availability of materials with special properties represents one of the main limitations to a wider application of polymer-based additive manufacturing technologies. Filled resins are usually not suitable for vat photo-polymerization techniques such as stereolithography (SLA) or digital light processing (DLP) due to a strong increment of viscosity derived from the presence of rigid particles within the reactive suspension. In the present paper, the possibility to in situ generate silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) starting from a homogeneous liquid system containing a well dispersed silver salt, which is subsequently reduced to metallic silver during stereolithographic process, is reported. The simultaneous photo-induced cross-linking of the acrylic resin produces a filled thermoset resin with thermal-mechanical properties significantly enhanced with respect to the unfilled resin, even at very low AgNPs concentrations. With this approach, the use of silver salts having carbon-carbon double bonds, such as silver acrylate and silver methacrylate, allows the formation of a nanocomposite structure in which the release of by-products is minimized due to the active role of all the reactive components in the three dimensional (3D)-printing processes. The synergy, between this nano-technology and the geometrical freedom offered by SLA, could open up a wide spectrum of potential applications for such a material, for example in the field of food packaging and medical and healthcare sectors, considering the well-known antimicrobial effects of silver nanoparticles

Evaluation of 54 Years of Centralized Performance Bull Testing at the Dean Lee Research and Extension Center (Bulletin #893)

The first objective of this study was to evaluate 54 years of performance data to analyze performance trends from a centralized performance bull testing program conducted in central Louisiana. The second objective was to discuss how changes in performance trends observed in the Dean Lee Performance Bull Tests compare to other multidecade bull performance tests.https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/agcenter_bulletins/1002/thumbnail.jp