Efeito alelopático da fitomassa de Lupinus angustifolius (L.) sobre a germinação e desenvolvimento inicial de Zea mays (L.) e Bidens pilosa (L.).

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito alelopático do extrato aquoso de folhas frescas de Lupinus angustifolius L. sobre alface (como planta indicadora), sobre a espécie cultivada milho e a invasora picão-preto. As sementes dessas espécies foram submetidas aos extratos aquosos preparados na proporção de 200g/L (20% p/v) de água destilada e rediluídos nas concentrações de 20% (4% p/v), 40% (8% p/v), 60% (12% p/v), 80% (16% p/v) e 100% (20% p/v), mais um tratamento testemunha com água destilada. Notou-se interferência alelopática negativa em alface e na invasora picão-preto enquanto que para o milho foi observada apenas uma pequena interferência negativa no comprimento médio de raiz, onde a diferença estatística apresenta-se na presença do extrato a 100%. Conclui-se assim que o L. angustifolius possui potencial alelopático e pode ser usado na sucessão de culturas do milho, além de reduzir o desenvolvimento do picão-preto como opção de herbicida natural

SUBSTRATOS E NÍVEIS DE LUMINOSIDADE NO CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE MUDAS DE Tocoyena formosa (Cham. & Schltdl.) K. Schum. (RUBIACEAE)

The aim of this study was to determine the best substrate type and light conditions for the cultivation of seedlings of Tocoyena formosa (Cham. & Schltdl.) K. Schum. Seeds were planted in Styrofoam trays under 70% shading. Three months after emergence, the seedlings were selected and transplanted in 4-L pots, in two types of substrates: 50% dystroferric Red Latosol + 50% sand (TA) and 50% dystroferric Red Latosol + 25% sand + 25% semi-decomposed chicken manure (TACF). After transplanting, the seedlings were placed under three conditions of shading (30, 50 and 70% shade) and full sun (0% shade). After acclimation, the physiologic quality of the seedlings was determined monthly, by analysis of growth and Dickson quality index, for 270 days. The experiment was carried out using a randomized block design in a 2 x 4 x 4 factorial scheme (substrate x shading x age of seedling), with three repetitions of three seedlings. There was greater growth and quality of the seedlings in the substrate soil + sand + chicken manure and under conditions of 30% shade and full sun. It is concluded that for the production of seedlings of Tocoyena formosa, the best conditions are 30% shade and full sun for light and TACF for substrate.Objetivou-se determinar o tipo de substrato e as melhores condições de luminosidade para o cultivo de mudas de Tocoyena formosa (Cham. & Schltdl.) K. Schum. A semeadura ocorreu em bandejas de isopor sob sombrite de 70% e três meses após a emergência, as plântulas foram selecionadas e em seguida transplantadas em vasos de 4L, em dois tipos de substratos: 50% de solo Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico + 50% de areia (TA) e 50% de solo de Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico + 25% de areia + 25% de cama de frango semidecomposta (TACF). Após o transplante, as mudas foram levadas para três condições de sombreamento (30%, 50% e 70% de sombra) e a pleno sol (0%). Após a aclimatação, a qualidade fisiológica das mudas foi determinada mensalmente, através da análise de crescimento e do índice de qualidade de Dickson, durante 270 dias. O experimento foi realizado em DIC em esquema fatorial 2 x 4 x 4 (substratos x sombreamento x idade da muda), com três repetições de três mudas. Foi observado maior crescimento e qualidade das mudas em substrato terra + areia + cama de frango e nas condições de 30% de sombra e pleno sol. Conclui-se que para produção de mudas de Tocoyena formosa a melhor condição de luminosidade é 30% de sombra e em pleno solem substrato TACF

Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, and Toxic Activities of Propolis from Two Native Bees in Brazil: Scaptotrigona depilis and Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides

Propolis is a natural mixture of compounds produced by various bee species, including stingless bees. This compound has been shown to exhibit antioxidant, antiproliferative, and antitumor activities. The present study aimed to determine the chemical constituents as well as the antioxidant, cytotoxic, and toxic activities of ethanol extracts of propolis obtained from the stingless bees Scaptotrigona depilis and Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides, which are found in Brazil. Phytosterols, terpenes, phenolic compounds, and tocopherol were identified in the ethanol extracts of propolis (EEPs) in different concentrations. The compounds stigmasterol, taraxasterol, vanilic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, luteolin, and apigenin were found only in EEP-M. The EEPs were able to scavenge the free radicals 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and protected human erythrocytes against lipid peroxidation, with the latter effect being demonstrated by their antihemolytic activity and inhibition of malondialdehyde formation. The EEPs showed cytotoxic activity against erythroleukemic cells and necrosis was the main mechanism of death observed. In addition, the concentrations at which the EEPs were cytotoxic were not toxic against Caenorhabditis elegans. In this context, it is concluded that EEP-S and EEP-M show antioxidant and cytotoxic activities and are promising bioactive mixtures for the control of diseases associated with oxidative stress and tumor cell proliferation.Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (FUNDECT)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fed Univ Grande Dourados, Sch Environm & Biol Sci, Dourados, MS, BrazilUniv Estadual Mato Grosso do Sul, Course Chem, Dourados, MS, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Biochem, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Mogi Das Cruzes, Interdisciplinary Ctr Biochem Invest, Mogi Das Cruzes, SP, BrazilDepartment of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Conservation of wild mushrooms through electron beam irradiation

The high perishability is a characteristic of the mushrooms consumed in fresh. Therefore, it is mandatory the application of effective conservation technologies to preserve and protect their chemical composition and nutritional value. Drying processes are widely used, but do not avoid the development of bacteria and fungi which have the ability to survive for long periods of time in dry foods, causing the loss of some nutrients and leading to food browning and oxidation of lipids and vitamins [1]. Irradiation appears as an alternative to food preservation assuring and maintaining its quality [2]. In this work, the effects of electron beam irradiation and storage time on nutritional and chemical parameters of wild samples of Macrolepiota procera (Scop.) Singer, previously submitted to a drying process (oven at 30 ºC), were assessed. The wild mushroom samples were collected in Trás-os-Montes; electron beam irradiation (doses 0.5, 1 and 6 kGy) was carried out in the INCT- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology in Warsaw, Poland and the analyses were performed over the storage period (0, 6 and 12 months). The results were compared with a control (non-irradiated samples). The nutritional value was determined according to the official procedures of food analysis, while the profiles of fatty acids, tocopherols, mono and oligosaccharides were obtained by chromatographic techniques [1]. The irradiation showed a better capacity to maintain the nutritional and chemical profile, in comparison with the storage time. Effectively, the storage time had a significant effect in all parameters, but fatty acids undergone significant changes both with irradiation doses and storage time. Electron beam irradiation can be considered a suitable technique for conservation of mushrooms for long periods of time, attenuating the changes caused by the drying treatment.The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER under Programme PT2020 for financial support to CIMO (UID/AGR/00690/2013), A. Fernandes (SFRH/BPD/114753/2016) and J.C.M. Barreira contract.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

SUBSTRATES AND LEVELS OF LIGHT INTENSITY ON INITIAL GROWTH OF SEEDLINGS OF Tocoyena formosa (Cham. & Schltdl.) K. Schum. (RUBIACEAE)

Objetivou-se determinar o tipo de substrato e as melhores condi\ue7\uf5es de luminosidade para o cultivo de mudas de Tocoyena formosa (Cham. & Schltdl.) K. Schum. A semeadura ocorreu em bandejas de isopor sob sombrite de 70% e tr\ueas meses ap\uf3s a emerg\ueancia, as pl\ue2ntulas foram selecionadas e em seguida transplantadas em vasos de 4L, em dois tipos de substratos: 50% de solo Latossolo Vermelho Distrof\ue9rrico + 50% de areia (TA) e 50% de solo de Latossolo Vermelho Distrof\ue9rrico + 25% de areia + 25% de cama de frango semidecomposta (TACF). Ap\uf3s o transplante, as mudas foram levadas para tr\ueas condi\ue7\uf5es de sombreamento (30%, 50% e 70% de sombra) e a pleno sol (0%). Apo\u301s a aclimatac\u327a\u303o, a qualidade siolo\u301gica das mudas foi determinada mensalmente, atrave\u301s da ana\u301lise de crescimento e do i\u301ndice de qualidade de Dickson, durante 90 dias. O experimento foi realizado em DIC em esquema fatorial 2 x 4 x 4 (substratos x sombreamento x idade da muda), com tr\ueas repeti\ue7\uf5es de tr\ueas mudas. Foi observado maior crescimento e qualidade das mudas em substrato terra + areia + cama de frango e nas condi\ue7\uf5es de 30% de sombra e pleno sol. Conclui-se que para produ\ue7\ue3o de mudas de Tocoyena formosa a melhor condi\ue7\ue3o de luminosidade \ue9 30% de sombra e em pleno sol em substrato TACF.The aim of this study was to determine the best substrate type and light conditions for the cultivation of seedlings of Tocoyena formosa (Cham. & Schltdl.) K. Schum. Seeds were planted in Styrofoam trays under 70% shading. Three months after emergence, the seedlings were selected and transplanted in 4-L pots, in two types of substrates: 50% dystroferric Red Latosol + 50% sand (TA) and 50% dystroferric Red Latosol + 25% sand + 25% semi-decomposed chicken manure (TACF). After transplanting, the seedlings were placed under three conditions of shading (30, 50 and 70% shade) and full sun (0% shade). After acclimation, the physiologic quality of the seedlings was determined monthly, by analysis of growth and Dickson quality index, for 90 days. The experiment was carried out using a randomized block design in a 2 x 4 x 4 factorial scheme (substrate x shading x age of seedling), with three repetitions of three seedlings. There was greater growth and quality of the seedlings in the substrate soil + sand + chicken manure and under conditions of 30% shade and full sun. It is concluded that for the production of seedlings of Tocoyena formosa, the best conditions are 30% shade and full sun for light and TACF for substrate

Alelopatia de Camelina sativa Boiss. (Brassicaceae) sobre a germinação e desenvolvimento inicial de Bidens pilosa (L.) e Glycine max (L.) Merr

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2011v24n4p17O presente trabalho buscou avaliar a possível presença de potencial alelopático na camelina, bem como o seu efeito sobre a germinação e o desenvolvimento inicial de plântulas de soja e picão-preto, a fim de verificar a possibilidade do cultivo dela com a soja no sistema de rotação de culturas e de seu uso como herbicida. Os experimentos foram realizados no Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Paraná. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado e as avaliações realizadas diariamente. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: porcentagem de germinação, tempo e velocidade média de germinação e comprimento médio de raiz. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos ao Teste F e as médias comparadas pelo Teste de Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados obtidos comprovam a presença de potencial alelopático na camelina. Foi verificado que esta espécie pode ser considerada uma opção para o cultivo com a soja devido à interferência alelopática positiva provocada na cultura e ainda, que ela apresenta capacidade para utilização no controle de plantas invasoras como o picão-preto, já que atuou atrasando o desenvolvimento das plântulas testadas

Interferência alelopática de folhas de cártamo sobre espécies oleaginosas

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2013v26n2p1 O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar, em condições laboratoriais, a interferência alelopática do extrato aquoso de folhas de cártamo (Carthamus tinctorius L.) na germinação e crescimento inicial de plântulas de girassol e canola. Estes testes preliminares indicarão a necessidade de maiores estudos, para inserção das espécies em sistemas de plantio direto. Os ensaios foram realizados sobre sementes condicionadas em placas de Petri umedecidos com concentrações de extrato aquoso de cártamo a 20, 40, 60, 80 e 100%, além da testemunha somente com água destilada. As placas foram armazenadas em câmara de germinação, do tipo BOD, com temperatura e fotoperíodo controlados. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado e os parâmetros avaliados foram: percentagem de germinação, tempo e velocidade média de germinação, assim como comprimento médio de raiz. Os parâmetros foram submetidos ao Teste F, sendo as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Foi verificado efeito alelopático do extrato aquoso de cártamo sobre canola, sendo este prejudicial à emergência e crescimento inicial das plântulas

Antimicrobial Activity of Propolis from the Brazilian Stingless Bees <i>Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides</i> and <i>Scaptotrigona depilis</i> (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponini)

Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides and Scaptotrigona depilis are species of stingless bees capable of producing propolis, which has considerable bioprospecting potential. In this context, the objective of this study was to determine the chemical compositions and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of propolis produced by M. q. anthidioides and S. depilis. The ethanolic extracts of propolis of M. q. anthidioides (EEP-M) and S. depilis (EEP-S) were prepared, and their chemical constituents were characterized by HPLC-ESI-MS. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against bacteria and fungi, isolated from reference strains and hospital origin resistant to the action of antibiotics. From EEP-M, phenolic compounds were annotated, including gallic acid, ellagic acid, and flavonoids, as well as diterpenes and triterpenes. EEP-S showed mainly triterpene in its chemical composition. Both extracts inhibited the growth of medically relevant bacteria and fungi, including hospital-acquired and antimicrobial-resistant. In general, EEP-S showed better antimicrobial activity compared to EEP-M. The MIC of EEP-S against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis was 3.50 mg/mL, while the MIC of EEP-M was 5.33 ± 0.16 mg/mL. In conclusion, this study shows that propolis produced by M. q. anthidioides and S. depilis has the potential to be used for the prevention or treatment of microbial infections

Cell death profile after treatment with IC₅₀ of the ExEP-P and ExEP-A.

<p>(A) Dot plots indicating the flow cytometry, and (B) representative diagrams obtained via flow cytometry of cells stained with annexin V-FITC/PI; Anx^–/PI^–: viable cells; Anx⁺/PI^–: apoptotic cells; Anx^–/PI⁺: necrotic cells, and Anx⁺/PI⁺: cells in late apoptosis. ***p < 0.001 treated group versus control viable cells. ^###p < 0.001 treated group versus control apoptosis. ⁺⁺⁺p < 0.001 treated group versus control necrosis. ^xxxp < 0.001 and ^xp < 0.05 treated group versus control late apoptosis.</p

DPPH free radical-scavenging activity (%) of ExEP at different concentrations (μg/mL).

<p>DPPH free radical-scavenging activity (%) of ExEP at different concentrations (μg/mL).</p