Occupational Injuries Associated with Workplace Violence in an Academic Medical Center

Violence is a major source of workplace injury in the medical profession. Peer reviewed literature is lacking for workers that have injuries through violence from clients who have intellectual disabilities. Literature for hospital security is also lacking. In this study of workplace violence, we compared injuries among the occupational groups at an academic medical center from 2017-2020. We hypothesized that violence will be similar across the years. Occupational injury and illness data was obtained from an academic medical center. The number of violence cases was divided by the total number of injury cases and reported as a percentage. We found that violent incidents only occurred in four units: Business and Finance (housing the security office), College of Dentistry, College of Medicine, and an institute for intellectual disabilities (Facility A). The overall percentage of injuries with reported descriptors for violence by year were 26% in 2017, 33.4% in 2018, 39% in 2019, and 25.7% in 2020. Facility A had the largest percentage of violence per year, with the highest at 86% in 2019. Data suggests that more attention must be given to violence in this academic medical center as it is more than likely higher than this data set suggests

Nitro-fatty acid formation and metabolism

Nitro-fatty acids (NO 2 -FA) are pleiotropic modulators of redox signaling pathways. Their effects on inflammatory signaling have been studied in great detail in cell, animal and clinical models primarily using exogenously administered nitro-oleic acid. While we know a considerable amount regarding NO 2 -FA signaling, endogenous formation and metabolism is relatively unexplored. This review will cover what is currently known regarding the proposed mechanisms of NO 2 -FA formation, dietary modulation of endogenous NO 2 -FA levels, pathways of NO 2 -FA metabolism and the detection of NO 2 -FA and corresponding metabolites.Fil: Buchan, Gregory J.. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Bonacci, Gustavo Roberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Fazzari, Marco. University of Pittsburgh; Estados Unidos. Fondazione Ri.Med; ItaliaFil: Salvatore, Sonia Rosana. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Gelhaus Wendell, Stacy. University of Pittsburgh; Estados Unido

CHANGE IN FOOTSTRIKE POSITION IS RELATED TO ALTERATIONS IN RUNNING ECONOMY IN TRIATHLETES

Biomechanical factors are likely related to the impairment in running economy frequently observed in triathletes when running after cycling (Millet et al., 2000). Cycling has been shown to interfere with muscle recruitment during subsequent running in some highly-trained triathletes (Chapman et al., 2008), but the implications of this on run performance are unknown. Links between muscle recruitment and running economy have been established during isolated running (Paavolainen et al., 1999), which compel the proposition that any change in muscle recruitment following cycling might be associated with running economy. Stride frequency, stride length and hip and knee angles have been reported to be unchanged after cycling (Quigley & Richards, 1996; Hue et al., 1997), however, muscle recruitment and limb movement have not been simultaneously measured in previous studies that have investigated the relationship between biomechanical factors and running economy after cycling. The purpose of the current investigation was to evaluate changes in neuromuscular control (muscle and movement control) during running after a 45 min high-intensity cycle and their relationships to alterations in running economy

A pilot randomised control trial of the efficacy of stability-based training with visualisation for people with chronic ankle instability

Background: Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is associated with recurring symptoms that inhibit daily activity. Stability-based rehabilitative training is recommended for CAI. Visualisation (VIS) produces real-time feedback using motion capture and virtual reality. This pilot study aimed to determine the feasibility, adherence, safety, and efficacy of incorporating VIS into stability training for people with CAI. Efficacy was examined through effect of VIS training on dynamic stability, perception of stability, and rehabilitative experience. Methods: Individuals with CAI completed a 4-week stability-based training programme with VIS, or without visualisation (NO-VIS). Participants completed the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) and Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) prior to, and after training. Enjoyment of training was recorded using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES-8). Results: Of 17 participants (VIS=10,NO-VIS=7), there were 2 drop outs (VIS=1,NO-VIS=1). No adverse events were reported and participant drop-out was due to injury unrelated to the study. The VIS group showed a significantly greater increase in average SEBT reach distance (d=1.7,p=0.02). No significant differences were reported for the CAIT or PACES-8. Conclusion: This study supports the feasibility and safety of stability-based training with VIS in those with CAI. The enhanced performance outcome on the SEBT suggests VIS may enhance stability-based training

SHORT-TERM PLYOMETRIC TRAINING IMPROVES ALTERED NEUROMOTOR CONTROL DURING RUNNING AFTER CYCLING IN TRIATHLETES

Cycling has a direct negative effect on some highly-trained triathletes’ ability to execute optimal neuromotor strategies specific to running (Chapman et al., 2008). The presence of altered neuromotor control when running off-the-bike has been associated with exercise-related leg pain (Chapman et al., 2010). Accordingly, identification of training interventions that could minimise this interference may aid in prevention of injury and augmentation of performance during running following cycling. Plyometric training is a specific form of strength training that has been reported to improve running economy by enhancing neuromuscular function (Paavolainen et al., 1999). The primary aim of this study was to examine the effect of plyometric training on triathletes neuromotor control and running economy in those in which neuromotor control is aberrant during running after cycling

Sex differences in knee loading in recreational runners

Patellofemoral pain is the most common chronic pathology in recreational runners. Female runners are at greater risk of developing patellofemoral pain, although the exact mechanism behind this is not fully understood. This study aimed to determine whether female recreational runners exhibit distinct knee loading compared to males. Fifteen males and 15 females recreational runners underwent 3D running analysis at 4.0 m s−1±5%. Sagittal/coronal joint moments, patellofemoral contact forces (PTF) and pressures (PCP) were compared between sexes. The results show that females exhibited significantly greater knee extension (p<0.008, pη2=0.27: males=3.04; females=3.47 N m kg−1) and abduction (p<0.008, pη2=0.28: males=0.54; females=0.82 N m kg−1) moments as well as PTF (p<0.008, pη2=0.29: males=3.25; females=3.84 B.W.) and PCP (p<0.008, pη2=0.26: males=7.96; females=9.27 MPa) compared to males. Given the proposed relationship between knee joint loading and patellofemoral pathology, the current investigation provides insight into the incidence of patellofemoral pain in females

Identification of a Drug Targeting an Intrinsically Disordered Protein Involved in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are prevalent in eukaryotes, performing signaling and regulatory functions. Often associated with human diseases, they constitute drug-development targets. NUPR1 is a multifunctional IDP, over-expressed and involved in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) development. By screening 1120 FDA-approved compounds, fifteen candidates were selected, and their interactions with NUPR1 were characterized by experimental and simulation techniques. The protein remained disordered upon binding to all fifteen candidates. These compounds were tested in PDAC-derived cell-based assays, and all induced cell-growth arrest and senescence, reduced cell migration, and decreased chemoresistance, mimicking NUPR1-deficiency. The most effective compound completely arrested tumor development in vivo on xenografted PDAC-derived cells in mice. Besides reporting the discovery of a compound targeting an intact IDP and specifically active against PDAC, our study proves the possibility to target the ''fuzzy'' interface of a protein that remains disordered upon binding to its natural biological partners or to selected drugs

APC/C and SCF cyclin F Constitute a Reciprocal Feedback Circuit Controlling S-Phase Entry

The anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is an ubiquitin ligase and core component of the cell-cycle oscillator. During G1 phase, APC/C binds to its substrate receptor Cdh1 and APC/C(Cdh1) plays an important role in restricting S-phase entry and maintaining genome integrity. We describe a reciprocal feedback circuit between APC/C and a second ubiquitin ligase, the SCF (Skp1-Cul1-F box). We show that cyclin F, a cell-cycle-regulated substrate receptor (F-box protein) for the SCF, is targeted for degradation by APC/C. Furthermore, we establish that Cdh1 is itself a substrate of SCF(cyclin F). Cyclin F loss impairs Cdh1 degradation and delays S-phase entry, and this delay is reversed by simultaneous removal of Cdh1. These data indicate that the coordinated, temporal ordering of cyclin F and Cdh1 degradation, organized in a double-negative feedback loop, represents a fundamental aspect of cell-cycle control. This mutual antagonism could be a feature of other oscillating systems