348 research outputs found
Mapping the Pathways of Photo-induced Ion Migration in Organic-inorganic Hybrid Halide Perovskites
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) exhibiting exceptional
photovoltaic and optoelectronic properties are of fundamental and practical
interest, owing to their tunability and low manufacturing cost. For practical
applications, however, challenges such as material instability and the
photocurrent hysteresis occurring in perovskite solar cells under light
exposure need to be understood and addressed. While extensive investigations
have suggested that ion migration is a plausible origin of these detrimental
effects, detailed understanding of the ion migration pathways remains elusive.
Here, we report the characterization of photo-induced ion migration in OIHPs
using \textit{in situ} laser illumination inside a scanning electron
microscope, coupled with secondary electron imaging, energy-dispersive X-ray
spectroscopy and cathodoluminescence with varying primary electron energies.
Using methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI), formamidinium lead iodide
(FAPbI) and hybrid formamidinium-methylammonium lead iodide as model
systems, we observed photo-induced long-range migration of halide ions over
hundreds of micrometers and elucidated the transport pathways of various ions
both near the surface and inside the bulk of the OIHPs, including a surprising
finding of the vertical migration of lead ions. Our study provides insights
into ion migration processes in OIHPs that can aid OIHP material design and
processing in future applications
SIAD: Self-supervised Image Anomaly Detection System
Recent trends in AIGC effectively boosted the application of visual
inspection. However, most of the available systems work in a human-in-the-loop
manner and can not provide long-term support to the online application. To make
a step forward, this paper outlines an automatic annotation system called SsaA,
working in a self-supervised learning manner, for continuously making the
online visual inspection in the manufacturing automation scenarios. Benefit
from the self-supervised learning, SsaA is effective to establish a visual
inspection application for the whole life-cycle of manufacturing. In the early
stage, with only the anomaly-free data, the unsupervised algorithms are adopted
to process the pretext task and generate coarse labels for the following data.
Then supervised algorithms are trained for the downstream task. With
user-friendly web-based interfaces, SsaA is very convenient to integrate and
deploy both of the unsupervised and supervised algorithms. So far, the SsaA
system has been adopted for some real-life industrial applications.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, ICCV 2023 Demo Trac
Higher serum chromium level may be associated with the presentation of depression in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: evidence from NHANES survey
BackgroundDepressive symptoms are frequently observed in patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD), a prevalent metabolic disorder that affects many individuals. It is not yet clear whether there is an association between serum chromium levels and depression.ObjectiveThe purpose of this research was to explore the association between serum chromium level and the manifestation of depression among patients with MAFLD.MethodsThe selection of 1837 patients diagnosed with MAFLD was based on data obtained from the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database in this research. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was employed to evaluate the severity of depression. The researchers utilized logistic regression models that were weighted for multiple variables to investigate the association between depression and serum chromium levels.ResultsIn our study, we found that 8.98% of US adults with MAFLD were suffering from depression at the time of evaluation. In the logistic regression model, serum chromium levels showed an inverse association with depression (OR=0.82, 95%CI: 0.69-0.96; p=0.016), this relationship remained after adjusting for fully confounding factors (OR=0.83, 95%CI: 0.71-0.97; p=0.021), subgroup analyses showed that the association between serum chromium levels and depression existed in relatively high-prevalence of depression groups.ConclusionPatients diagnosed with MAFLD have a greater likelihood of experiencing depression, whereas individuals with higher levels of serum chromium are less likely to suffer from depression, and this association persists even after adjusting for other factors. These findings indicate supplementing chromium may be a viable treatment for their depressive symptoms
Genome-wide investigation of the AP2/ERF superfamily and their expression under salt stress in Chinese willow (Salix matsudana)
AP2/ERF transcription factors (TFs) play indispensable roles in plant growth, development, and especially in various abiotic stresses responses. The AP2/ERF TF family has been discovered and classified in more than 50 species. However, little is known about the AP2/ERF gene family of Chinese willow (Salix matsudana), which is a tetraploid ornamental tree species that is widely planted and is also considered as a species that can improve the soil salinity of coastal beaches. In this study, 364 AP2/ERF genes of Salix matsudana (SmAP2/ERF) were identified depending on the recently produced whole genome sequencing data of Salix matsudana. These genes were renamed according to the chromosomal location of the SmAP2/ERF genes. The SmAP2/ERF genes included three major subfamilies: AP2 (55 members), ERF (301 members), and RAV (six members) and two Soloist genes. Genes’ structure and conserved motifs were analyzed in SmAP2/ERF family members, and introns were not found in most genes of the ERF subfamily, some unique motifs were found to be important for the function of SmAP2/ERF genes. Syntenic relationships between the SmAP2/ERF genes and AP2/ERF genes from Populus trichocarpa and Salix purpurea showed that Salix matsudana is genetically more closely related to Populus trichocarpa than to Salix purpurea. Evolution analysis on paralog gene pairs suggested that progenitor of S. matsudana originated from hybridization between two different diploid salix germplasms and underwent genome duplication not more than 10 Mya. RNA sequencing results demonstrated the differential expression patterns of some SmAP2/ERF genes under salt stress and this information can help reveal the mechanism of salt tolerance regulation in Salix matsudana
Heterocyclic scaffolds as promising anticancer agents against tumours of the central nervous system: Exploring the scope of indole and carbazole derivatives
Tumours of the central nervous system are intrinsically more dangerous than tumours at other sites, and in particular, brain tumours are responsible for 3% of cancer deaths in the UK. Despite this, research into new therapies only receives 1% of national cancer research spend. The most common chemotherapies are temozolomide, procarbazine, carmustine, lomustine and vincristine, but because of the rapid development of chemoresistance, these drugs alone simply aren’t sufficient for long-term treatment. Such poor prognosis of brain tumour patients prompted us to research new treatments for malignant glioma, and in doing so, it became apparent that aromatic heterocycles play an important part, especially the indole, carbazole and indolocarbazole scaffolds. This review highlights compounds in development for the treatment of tumours of the central nervous system which are structurally based on the indole, carbazole and indolocarbazole scaffolds, under the expectation that it will highlight new avenues for research for the development of new compounds to treat these devastating neoplasms
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