Architectural fiction: project and reality beyond reality

Јединственим опажањем постојања овостране и оностране реалности, архитектонска стварност је јединствена стварност фикционог света, јер је он стваран и нестваран, док је свесно и несвесно замислив свет њених имагинарних стварности једне исте реалности. Оне су његова фикционална и ониричка стварност у оностраној реалности и јединствена, постојећа и нова архитектонска стварност у овостраној, само онда, када пројектант у процесу пројектовања сневањем, инструментализује ониричку фикцију архитектуре у пројекту реалности изван реалности. Сневањем у оностраним реалностима, фикционалној и ониричкој, а затим преласком у једну нову реалност, Он је Пројектант јединствене свести, јер је јединствен субјект фикције који пројектује јединством имагинације, ониричком и стваралачком имагинацијом сањалачког фикционог света сна фикционалног и ониричког субјекта архитектонског пројектовања. Када ониричку фикцију архитектуре у пројекту реалности изван реалности, инструментализује њеном новом фикцијом у пројекту реалности у реалности, сањалачки фикциони свет сна је његов архитектонски сан пројекта реалности једне исте, али Нове реалности.By a unique perception of the existance of the hither and the transcendent reality, the architectural reality is a unique reality of the fictional world, since it is real as well as unreal, while the world of its imaginary realities of the one and the same reality can be imagined both consciously and unconsciously. These imaginary realities represent his fictional and oneiric reality in the transcendent reality and a unique, existing and new architectural reality in the hither one, only when a Designer, in the process of designing by dreaming, instrumentalizes the oneiric fiction of architecture in a project of a reality beyond reality. By dreaming in the transcendent realities, fictional and oneiric ones, and then by a transition into a New Reality, He is a Designer of a unique consciousness, being a unique subject of the fiction who designs by a unity of imagination, oneiric and creative imagination of the dreamy fiction world of a dream of the fictional and oneiric entity of the architectural design. When the oneiric fiction of architecture in the project of reality beyond reality is instrumentalized by its new fiction in the project of reality within reality, a dreamy fiction world of the dream is his architectural dream of the project of reality of the one and the same, but a New Reality

Raw material studies of West Central Serbia

This paper deals with raw material problems in the territory of West Central Serbia geologically determined as the Čačak-Kraljevo (or West Morava) basin. Our research is presented through the most striking case studies, Lojanik, Vlaška Glava and Lazac.  The Lojanik hill is a silicified forest by origin. It has occasionally been in use from the earliest periods of prehistory until today as a source of black and ochre-coloured flint, opal and silicified wood. A detailed prospection, including the mapping of surface finds using square nets, was conducted during two research campaigns.The Vlaška Glava is an open-air Palaeolithic site at which artefacts made of white, ochre, red, brown and black chert, silicified magnesite, volcanic and metamorphic rocks were found. Our research of primary and secondary geological deposits in the vicinity of the site showed equivalent raw material. We also found an interesting primary deposit of high quality bluish grey flint with outcrop activities (Workshop 1).The Lazac shaft is a contemporary magnesite mine, recently abandoned because of the high percentage of silicon-dioxide. We determined the same raw material in collections found at nearby Neolithic sites. Certain similarities between the wooden support systems of ore exploration in the Middle Ages and modern times were established at the entrance of the shaft.Our research in the territory of the West Morava basin resulted in reconstruction of some links between geological deposits and settlements and also creation of a relevant base for future raw material studies

Essential Elements as a Distinguishing Factor between Mycorrhizal Potentials of Two Cohabiting Truffle Species in Riparian Forest Habitat in Serbia

True truffles (Tuber sp.) that establish ectomycorrhizal symbiosis (ECM) with trees in the Mediterranean and temporal regions have species specific abilities to assimilate soil born elements. Suitable habitats are usually inhabited by few truffle species, while distinguishing their symbiotic potentials appeared very difficult. Two species that commonly inhabit riparian forests in Serbia are the most prized one, Tuber magnatumPico (Piedmont white truffle) and not so highly valued Tuber brumaleVitt. In order to assess potential differences between their assimilation and accumulation abilities, the differences between contents of elements that may be the subjects of the symbiotic trade between the host plant and fungi were evaluated in accumulation target (ascocarps) and their source (the soil). Essential (K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, P, S, and Zn) and essential trace elements (Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, and Se) in truffles and soil samples were determined by means of inductively coupled plasma with optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Their concentrations (mg/kg) in ascocarps were in the range from 1.364 +/- 0.591 (Cr) to 10760.862 +/- 16.058 (K), while in soil ranged from 23.035 +/- 0.010 (Cr) to 20809.300 +/- 122.934 (Fe). Element accumulation potential (bioaccumulation factor) was calculated in the system truffle/soil. The statistical approaches were used for establishing the differences, while the possible differentiation between symbiotic potentials of two mycelia in the defined soil conditions was discussed

Supplementary data for the article: Popović-Djordjević, J.; Marjanović, Ž. S.; Gršić, N.; Adžić, T.; Popović, B.; Bogosavljević, J.; Brčeski, I. Essential Elements as a Distinguishing Factor between Mycorrhizal Potentials of Two Cohabiting Truffle Species in Riparian Forest Habitat in Serbia. Chemistry and Biodiversity 2019, 16 (4). https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201800693

Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201800693]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2920]Related to accepted version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2921

The process of harvesting of cultivated cereals in the late neolithic of Serbia - experimental research

Novija istaživanja poznoneolitskog naselja na lokalitetu Vinča–Belo (1998–2007) pružila su mogućnosti detaljnog proučavanja međusobne dispozicije artefakata u prostoru i strukturu radnih operacija u najpoznijoj fazi života vinčanske zajednice. Stoga su izvršeni eksperimenti kao komplementarni segment standardnom paketu tehnološko–tipoloških i petroarheoloških analiza okresanih kamenih artefakata. Prikazani su etape i rezultati eksperimenata vezanih za dva aspekta istraživanja: 1) izrada dve replike praistorijskog kompozitnog srpa i mikroskopske analize tragova upotrebe nakon žetve; 2) eksperimentalno gajenje i žetva starih vrsta žitarica koristeći replike praistorijskih srpova. Snimci sečiva replike srpova posle svakog radnog ciklusa su analizirani u odnosu na arheološke primerke. Eksperimentalno napravljeni srpovi pokazali su se kao efikasno i trajno orudje za žetvu žitarica koje može da se koristi više od jedne sezone. Naša istraživanja daju kvantifikovane podatke za proces izrade srpa, proces setve, žetve i vršidbe žitarica, donoseći niz novih informacija o ljudskim aktivnostima koje mobilišu veći broj ljudi, ključnih za bolje razumevanje delatnosti i organizacije praistorijskih zajednica.The recent investigations at the late Neolithic settlement at Vinča-Belo Brdo (1998–2007) in Serbia provided an opportunity for a detailed study of the special disposition of artefacts, and work operations from the latest phase of the Vinča community. We conducted series of experiments as a complementary segment to the standard package of technological-typological and petro-archaeological analyses of chipped stone artefacts recovered from the latest archaeological campaigns. We present the stages and the results of the experiments related to two aspects of our research: 1) production of two replicas of the prehistoric composite sickles and microscopic analysis of use-wear left after harvesting of cereals; 2) experimental cultivation and harvesting of ancient cereal species/varieties using replicas of prehistoric sickles. Images of blades were taken after each recorded work cycle, used to study traces and use-wear observed on archaeological specimens. The sickle replicas proved to be effective and durable tools that could be used for more than one season of harvesting. The quantifiable data of all stages of growing and harvesting of cereals with prehistoric tool replicas, provide important new information about activities involving mobilization of a larger number of people, essential for a better understanding of the activities and organization of prehistoric communities

Geochemical origin of Ni and Cr in ranker-type soils formed on serpentinites massifs in Serbia

The paper presents the results of research on the content of accessible forms of Ni and Cr in the ranker-type soils that are formed on the serpentinites massifs in Serbia. Soil samples were taken from seven different locations across Serbia (Zlatibor mountain, Kopaonik mountain, Miroč, Maljen mountain, Bukovi, Suvobor and Bubanj Potok) at the altitude range between 100 and 1700 m. There were analyzed 46 soil samples in total. The concentration of accessible forms of Ni and Cr was determined by extraction in a solution of DTPA-TEA (pH 7.3, ratio soil and solution = 1:2) by optical emission spectroscopy with induced coupled plasma (ICP-OES). The content of accessible Ni in the all examined soil samples of ranker-type soils varies from 68 - 920 mg/kg, while the most common results (about 70% of the total number of samples) vary from 200 - 600 mg/kg. The content of accessible Cr in all examined soils varies from 16 - 216 mg/kg. The content of both, Ni and Cr significantly exceeds the value limits in soils. The results of the analysis of all soil samples of ranker-type soils refer to high concentration of accessible Ni and Cr and thus correspond to phytotoxic concentrations. Given the fact that there are no anthropogenic sources of pollution nearby the investigation locations, it can be concluded that such a high concentration of accessible Ni and Cr in the ranker-type soils, that were formed on serpentinites massifs under the various pedogenetic conditions, is of geochemical origin. The geochemical distribution of Ni and Cr places this type of soil in the group of lithogenic soils.Organized by: National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Geology and Geoenvironmen

А medieval burial from the site of Сupska: an anthropological and contextual analysis of the skeletal remains from grave 1

In 1956, the Institute of Archaeology and the National Museum in Belgrade carried out excavations at the site of Supska, near Ćuprija, in Central Serbia. Based on the material culture findings, the site is mostly known as a Late Neolithic one; however, archaeological findings from other periods were discovered too. In the 1956 excavations, the cultural layers, and archaeological features with the Vinča culture archaeological materials were examined, as well as one grave, marked as Grave 1. The results of this excavation have been previously published in one monograph; however, an anthropological analysis of the individual found in Grave 1 has not been conducted before. In this paper, we present the results of contextual, bioanthropological, stable isotopes and C14 analyses of human skeletal remains found in Grave 1. The results showed that a young adult, who had experienced nonspecific metabolic stress during childhood, as evidenced by traces of linear enamel hypoplasia and porotic hyperostosis, was buried in this grave. AMS date revealed that this individual lived between 1280–1390 cal. AD, while the results of the stable isotope analyses suggested that it had mixed diet based on C4 plants (such as millet) and/or C3 plants, with larger amounts of animal protein, possible deriving from freshwater fish

Establishment and confirmation of heterotic groups and genetic diversity assessment of maize inbred lines using microsatellite data

Twenty-seven maize inbreds (12 commercial and 15 developing lines) from Maize Research Institute breeding program were subjected to microsatelite analysis. The aim was genetic diversity determination, establishing relationships among tested lines and assigning them to heterotic groups according to molecular marker data. Number of alelles detected was 97, with an average of 3.23. Major allele frequency was in a range from 0.33 to 0.82 (average 0.55). The highest value for observed heterozygosity was 10% for several developing lines. Mean values for gene diversity and PIC were 0.56 and 0.48, respectively. Frequency-based distances were calculated using Roger's coefficient and average value of 0.57 indicates high genetic diversity in analyzed maize inbreds. Distance matrices were subjected to cluster analysis and PCA. Multivariate analysis methods showed considerable concurrency with pedigree data. Results of analysis with 30 microsatellite markers could be useful for defining/redefining heterotic groups but should be complemented with field testing data

Boundaries of reality in the process of architectural design

Starting from the fact that the reality of the world of projections is comprehensive only when its architectural reality is created outside that reality, to become a new reality within reality, the paper addresses establishment of the relationship between an architect designer and reality, by his double presence within and outside reality. The existence of reality is questionable, because the actuality of the world of projections, which, though present in reality, often does not have meaning and is therefore created outside reality, only to exist again with meaning. In that relation, as the real world in reality, it is expressed also as an unreal world outside reality, whose imaginary reality is studied with architectural projection in a lifelike scope of reality. That way, the meaning of the projection in the process of architectural design is checked by projecting its meaning outside reality, while in the transition of an architectural design from one reality into another, the architect designer also develops his/her creative role, by reading and connecting individual (personal) and collective (universal) codes of the world of projections, which exists as two-folded and realistic in the reality scope

Architectural fiction: project and reality beyond reality

Јединственим опажањем постојања овостране и оностране реалности, архитектонска стварност је јединствена стварност фикционог света, јер је он стваран и нестваран, док је свесно и несвесно замислив свет њених имагинарних стварности једне исте реалности. Оне су његова фикционална и ониричка стварност у оностраној реалности и јединствена, постојећа и нова архитектонска стварност у овостраној, само онда, када пројектант у процесу пројектовања сневањем, инструментализује ониричку фикцију архитектуре у пројекту реалности изван реалности. Сневањем у оностраним реалностима, фикционалној и ониричкој, а затим преласком у једну нову реалност, Он је Пројектант јединствене свести, јер је јединствен субјект фикције који пројектује јединством имагинације, ониричком и стваралачком имагинацијом сањалачког фикционог света сна фикционалног и ониричког субјекта архитектонског пројектовања. Када ониричку фикцију архитектуре у пројекту реалности изван реалности, инструментализује њеном новом фикцијом у пројекту реалности у реалности, сањалачки фикциони свет сна је његов архитектонски сан пројекта реалности једне исте, али Нове реалности.By a unique perception of the existance of the hither and the transcendent reality, the architectural reality is a unique reality of the fictional world, since it is real as well as unreal, while the world of its imaginary realities of the one and the same reality can be imagined both consciously and unconsciously. These imaginary realities represent his fictional and oneiric reality in the transcendent reality and a unique, existing and new architectural reality in the hither one, only when a Designer, in the process of designing by dreaming, instrumentalizes the oneiric fiction of architecture in a project of a reality beyond reality. By dreaming in the transcendent realities, fictional and oneiric ones, and then by a transition into a New Reality, He is a Designer of a unique consciousness, being a unique subject of the fiction who designs by a unity of imagination, oneiric and creative imagination of the dreamy fiction world of a dream of the fictional and oneiric entity of the architectural design. When the oneiric fiction of architecture in the project of reality beyond reality is instrumentalized by its new fiction in the project of reality within reality, a dreamy fiction world of the dream is his architectural dream of the project of reality of the one and the same, but a New Reality