Two contemporary classical guitar composer-performers, Carlo Domeniconi and Dušan Bogdanović́, and their work of synthesis

Thesis (DM) – Indiana University, Music, 202

Experimental and numerical investigation of flow around a sphere with dimples for various flow regimes

Flow over a sphere is a typical bluff-body flow with many engineering applications. However, it has not been studied in depth, as compared to flow over a circular cylinder, because of the difficulties in the experimental set-up as well as in the computational approach for studying flow over a sphere. The main challenges are to understand the flow hydrodynamics and to clarify the flow pattern around a dimpled sphere because the flow pattern complying with the dimple structure on its surface is very complicated. In this paper experimental and numerical investigations of the fluid flow around a sphere with dimples, are represented. The sphere with dimples is placed in a quadratic cross section duct (measuring section) and numerical simulation results are obtained by solving RANS equations. Furthermore, experimental measurements are carried out using a Laser-Doppler Anemometer (LDA). Experimental and numerical results of flow velocity fields were compared for three different flow regimes (Re=8×103, 2×104 and 4×104). Numerical investigation was performed for wide range of Reynolds numbers (Re=270%106). The final purpose of this paper is experimental and numerical determination of velocity field, separation point, pressure and drag coefficient, the length of reverse flow region in the wake and RANS turbulent model which gives the best results for engineering practice

A camel skeleton from the Viminacium amphitheatre

Ostaci kamila predstavljaju retke nalaze na rimskim lokalitetima širom Evrope. U Srbiji su kosti kamila pronađene u Sirmijumu (Lauwerier 1978), Viminacijumu, Gomolavi, Vranju kod Hrtkovaca (Vukovic, Blažić u štampi), kao i na lokalitetima Davidovac-Gradište i Pirot-Sarlah bazilika. Prilikom istraživanja viminacijumskog amfiteatra pronađen je skelet kamile (Slike 2 i 3). Ovaj izuzetan nalaz otkriven je u zapadnom delu arene, u blizini ulaza u amfiteatar (Slike 4 i 5). Nalaz skeleta kamile jedinstven je na čitavoj teritoriji evropskog dela Rimskog carstva, u okviru koga su do sada pronalažene samo pojedinačne kosti ovih životinja. Skelet kamile pripada sloju, koji se datuje u sredinu, odnosno drugu polovinu IV veka. U tom periodu prostor amfiteatra više nije korišćen za održavanje spektakla, a nalaz kamile pronađen je u sloju, koji je prekrio sam objekat. Lobanja i donje vilice, deo kičmenog stuba (vratni i leđni pršljenovi), rebra, kao i delovi grudne kosti pronađeni su u anatomskom položaju, dok su delovi nogu bili fragmentovani i dislocirani (Slika 5). Obrasci lomova dugih kostiju ukazuju da su kosti polomljene ubrzo nakon smrti životinje. Na humerusu i radijusu uočeni su tragovi udaraca tupim predmetom. Ovakvo lomljenje dijafiza karakteristično je za eksploataciju koštane srži. Tragovi kasapljenja uočeni su samo na distalnom delu dijafize metatarzusa i oni ukazuju na dranje kože. Obe lopatice i karlice, lumbalni i repni deo kičmenog stuba, kao i delovi nogu nisu pronađeni, pa se može pretpostaviti da su odneti sa ovog prostora. Tragovi blagog površinskog raspadanja prisutni su na malom broju kostiju, dok je samo jedna kost oglodana, i zato se može zaključiti da je kamila zatrpana ubrzo nakon deponovanja. Na osnovu mešovitih morfometrijskih karakteristika pojedinačnih kostiju skeleta kamile, pretpostavljeno je da je skelet pripadao hibridnoj jedinki, koja je nastala ukrštanjem dve vrste kamila. Poznato je da su hibridi kamila krupniji, snažniji i izdržljiviji od jednogrbih i dvogrbih kamila (Tapper 2011; Potts 2004). Ove životinje se lako prilagođavaju hladnijim klimama i sigurno je da su lakše mogle da podnesu klimatske uslove u Evropi. Trenutno se veoma malo zna o hibridizaciji kamila u antici, a do sada su hibridi identifikovani na nalazištu Mleiha (Ujedinjeni arapski emirati, 1-2. v. n.e), rimskim slojevima u Troji (Uerpmann 1999) i u Viminacijumu (Vukovic, Blažić u štampi). Kamile su u rimskom periodu korišćene pre svega kao tovarne životinje, u okviru civilnih i trgovačkih karavana. Značajna je bila i njihova uloga u vojsci, gde su služile za prenos vojne opreme, namirnica i građevinskog materijala (Davies 1967), kao i za jahanje (Dobrewa 1991; Toynbee 1996, 137-140). Meso i sekundarni proizvodi kamila (mleko, vuna, itd.) takođe su eksploatisani u rimskom periodu. Prisustvo dvogrbih kamila često se dovodi u vezu sa karavanima, koji su dolazili iz Centralne Azije (Bartosiewicz, Dirjec 2001), dok su jednogrbe kamile, osim u civilnoj, bile i u vojnoj upotrebi. Hibridi kamila su najverovatnije zbog svoje snage korišćeni kao tovarne životinje, kako u okviru različitih trgovačkih i civilnih karavana, tako i u vojsci. Poznato je da su mezijske legije bile angažovane u istočnim provincijma carstva, pa postoji mogućnost da je određen broj kamila u Meziju stigao upravo sa ovim vojnicima. Iako je na osnovu istorijskih izvora poznato da su kamile korišćene i u spektaklima (Dio 1914, LX, 7, 3; Suetonius 1914, Nero II, I; Toynbee 1996, 139), kamilu iz amfiteatra u Viminacijumu ne možemo povezati sa dešavanjima u ovom objektu.Camel remains have occasionally been found in Roman provincial sites throughout the Empire. In Serbia, several camel bones were found on Roman period sites. In the course of the excavations of the Viminacium amphitheatre, a partial camel skeleton was found in the western part of the arena. This find dates back to the middle, or the second half, of the 4th century AD, the period after the amphitheatre lost its function. As no other camel skeleton has been found throughout the European part of the Empire until now, this one represents a unique find in this territory. According to mixed morphometric features of the skeleton, it is suggested that the skeleton belonged to a hybrid individual. Based on taphonomic analysis of the skeleton, assumptions have been made as to how the corpse of this animal was treated after death. In this paper the role and significance of camels in Roman provinces in the territory of Serbia is also discussed

Digestion rate in Martino's vole (Dinaromys bogdanovi)

Biologija dinarskog voluhara slabo je istražena što ostavlja mnogo neodgovorenih pitanja iz područja njihove fiziologije, etologije i genetike. Biljojedi su i u divljini se hrane uglavnom travama i zeljastim biljem. Prehrambena strategija malih biljojednih sisavaca mediteranskog područja obično je konzumacija većih količina hrane i duže zadržavanje hrane u probavnom traktu kako bi kompenzirali nisku energetsku profitabilnost hrane. Poznavanje brzine probave neke vrste također pomaže u razumijevanju ponašanja, pogotovo vezano uz prehrambene navike i interakcije sa hranom. Cilj istraživanja je određivanje brzine prolaska hrane kroz probavni trakt dinarskog voluhara. Istraživanje je provedeno na 13 jedinki tokom ljetne i zimske prehrambene sezone. Za istraživanje su korišteni fizikalni markeri u obliku plastičnih trakica. Hrana u potpunosti prolazi kroz probavni trakt u roku od 24 sata nakon što je pojedena, a počinje izlaziti već nakon prva 4 sata. Nisu uočene razlike u brzini probave među sezonama, kao ni među spolovima. Rezultati potvrđuju da je dinarski voluhar cekumski fermentor. Za potpuno poznavanje brzine probave potrebno je istražiti tekuću frakciju probave korištenjem kemijskih metoda.Martino's Vole biology is largely unexplored, which leaves many unanswered questions in fields of their physiology, ethology and genetics. They are herbivores, and in the wild they eat mostly grasses and leafy plants. Dietary strategies of small mammalian herbivores in Mediterranean region is usually consummation od large amounts of food, and longer retention of food in digestive system in order to compensate for low energy profitability of foraged food. Knowing digestion rate of a species also helps in understanding behaviour, especially dietary behaviour and food interactions. The goal of this research is to discover the digestion rate of Martino's Vole. The research was conducted on 13 specimens during summer and winter season. Physical markers in form of small plastic strips were used for researching the digestion rate. Food passes through the digestive tract within 24 hours after it has been eaten, and it starts to exit the tract after the first 4 hours. No differences in digestion rate were noticed between seasons, nor genders. The results confirm that Martino's Vole is a cecum fermenter. For complete understanding of the digestion rate the liquid food fraction should be explored through use of chemical methods of digestion rate research

Human-modified biogeographic patterns and conservation in game birds: The dilemma of the black francolin (Francolinus francolinus, Phasianidae) in Pakistan

The ever-increasing human-mediated wildlife reshuffling is raising concern for the conservation of biodiversity. The loss of biological distinctiveness among regions lessens the genetic diversity and consequently the evolutionary potential of local biotas to tackle present-day global change and human disturbance. This process may be sometimes cryptic unless investigated by means of a molecular approach. In this respect, game birds are a paradigmatic case. The black francolin (Francolinus francolinus, Phasianidae) is a medium-sized galliform whose distribution range stretches from Cyprus to the Gulf of Bengal. Six morphologic subspecies are known, with three of which occurring in Pakistan, where the species is heavily hunted and used as pet for chirping competitions. We genotyped 98 samples (feathers) at both the entire mitochondrial DNA Control Region gene and nine microsatellite loci to get a deeper insight into the genetic diversity of the black francolin in Pakistan in order to offer cogent recommendations for its conservation management. We identified several mtDNA lineages that were consistent with the currently described subspecies/taxonomy whose pattern of co-occurrence is compatible with the geological history and the faunal movement routes of the region under study. However, the biparentally inherited microsatellites returned a quite discordant picture of an extensive, sex-biased genetic mixing due to the intensive relocations of already overharvested male individuals for chirping competitions. Our results indicated that the genetic integrity of the black francolin in Pakistan could be seriously at risk and call for monitoring and limiting its trade other than enhancing the public awareness of the importance of local biodiversity resource

Patohistološke promjene u jetri štakora nakon jednokratnog izlaganja visokoj dozi aluminija

Aluminium (Al) exposuremay affect the liver of experimental animals. This investigation aimed at evaluating morphological changes in rat liver after a single high dose of Al (as metallic powder suspension). A total of forty female Wistar rats were divided in one exposed and one control group, 20 rats each. The exposed rats received 0.5 mL of sterile physiological suspension of fine Al powder in the concentration of 100 mg mL-1 intraperitoneally (50 mg Al per rat). After 7 weeks all animals were killed (by exsanguination from the abdominal aorta in ether anaesthesia). Liver aluminium was analysed using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. For light microscopy the liver tissue was stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and for histochemical analysis with aurin threecarbocsillic acid (aluminon). Liver Al level was markedly higher in the exposed (37.1 µg g-1) than in control rats (0.71 µg g-1). The exposed rats showed crystalloid Al inclusions in the capsular, subcapsular, and portal liver tissue. The basic liver structure remained intact. Slightly multiplied bile ductuli were found in 16 of 20 exposed and in 8 of 20 control rats. Three exposed rats had mycrovesicular steatosis. The peritoneum and Glisson’s capsule showed strong macrophage infiltration and a foreign-body-like reaction with multiple giant macrophages containing Al crystalloid inclusions. Although this reaction was a defense against the metal, some Al passed this barrier and entered the liver tissue, exerting toxic effects in bile ductuli and hepatocytes.Izloženost aluminiju (Al) može izazvati oštećenje jetre u eksperimentalnih životinja. Cilj istraživanja bio je procijeniti morfološke promjene u jetri štakora nakon jednokratnog davanja visoke doze aluminija (suspenzije metalnog praha). Četrdeset albino Wistar štakorica bilo je podijeljeno u izloženu i kontrolnu skupinu. Izloženoj skupini ubrizgano je intraperitonealno 0,5 mL sterilne suspenzije praha aluminija u fiziološkoj otopini (100 mg mL-1), odnosno 50 mg Al po štakorici. Nakon sedam tjedana štakorice su usmrćene (iskrvarenjem iz trbušne aorte u eterskoj narkozi). Maseni udio Al u tkivu jetre određen je atomskom apsorpcijskom spektrometrijom. Histološka analiza svjetlosnom mikroskopijom obavljena je nakon bojenja tkiva hematoksilinom i eozinom te histokemijski aurin trikarboksilnom kiselinom (aluminonom). Maseni udio aluminija u jetri izloženih štakorica bio je viši (37,12 µg g-1) nego u kontrolnoj skupini (0,71 µg g-1). U izloženih štakorica nađene su kristaloidne inkluzije Al u kapsularnoj i supkapsularnoj zoni jetre i u portalnim prostorima. Osnovna struktura jetre je ostala očuvana. U 16 od 20 izloženih i u 8 od 20 kontrolnih štakorica opažena je proliferacija žučnih kanalića. Samo u tri izložene štakorice nađena je mikrovezikularna steatoza u jetrenom tkivu. Peritoneum i fibrozna (Glissonova) ovojnica jetre pokazivali su izrazitu infiltraciju makrofazima sličnu “reakciji oko stranog tijela” s mjestimičnim gigantskim stanicama u kojima su se nalazile kristaloidne inkluzije Al. Iako je infiltracija makrofaga obrambena reakcija kojom je najveći broj čestica Al zadržan na mjestu ubrizgavanja, čini se da je dio tih čestica prodro u tkivo jetre i izazvao toksične reakcije u obliku proliferacije žučnih kanalića i mikrovaskularne steatoze

Bilijarna funkcija u radnika profesionalno izloženih aluminijskoj prašini i dimu

This study investigated billiary secretory function in workers occupationally exposed to aluminium dust and fumes. It included a group of 34 male workers aged (44.1±7.8) years and exposed up to 4.6 mg m-3 of aluminium dust and fumes in workplace air for (21.6±2.5) years, and a group of 30 unexposed control male workers. Serum and urine aluminium levels were measured in both groups before and after chelating treatment with 1 g deferoxamine by intramuscular injection. Billiary function was assessed by measuring gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, 5-nucleotidase, cholesterol and its fractions, total and indirect bilirubin, and bile acids. We then analysed the relationship between Al exposure and billiary function. In the exposed group mean serum aluminium was significantly higher [(4.91±3.86) µg L-1] than in controls. The same was true for urine Al before [(1.57±1.93) µg L-1] and after deferoxamine [(11.51±14.97) µg L-1]. Total and indirect bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase were significantly higher in the exposed than in control workers, and they correlated with urine Al after the chelating treatment. Our findings suggest that chronic occupational exposure to aluminium dust and fumes leads to a significant body retention of aluminium. The impaired biliary secretion in the exposed workers manifested itself in subclinical signs of cholestasis.Eksperimentalna istraživanja na životinjama pokazuju da kronična izloženost aluminiju može izazvati smanjen prijenos organskih aniona preko žučnih kanalića, što ima za posljedicu poremećaje sekrecije žuči i kolestazu. Učinci kronične izloženosti aluminiju na bilijarnu funkciju u ljudi do sada nisu istraživani. Procjenjivali smo učinke na bilijarnu funkciju radnika koji su profesionalno izloženi prašini i dimu aluminija. U izloženoj skupini bila su 34 muškarca, životne dobi (44,1±7,8) godina koji su tijekom (21,6±2,5) godina bili izloženi razini do 4,6 mg m-3 prašine i dima aluminija. Kontrolna skupina sastojala se od 30 neizloženih radnika. Vrijednosti aluminija određene su u serumu i mokraći u obje skupine prije i nakon davanja kelatirajućeg spoja (deferoksamin u dozi od 1 g im.). Za procjenu bilijarne funkcije rabljeni su ovi pokazatelji: γ-glutamil transpeptidaza, alkalna fosfataza, 5-nukleozidaza, kolesterol, ukupni i indirektni bilirubin te žučne kiseline. Analizirana je korelacija između izloženosti aluminiju i bilijarne funkcije. Srednja vrijednost Al u serumu izloženih radnika [(4,91±3,86) µg L-1], kao i koncentracije Al u mokraći prije [(1,57±1,93) µg L-1] i nakon primjene kelatirajućeg spoja [(11,5±15,0) µg L-1] bile su statistički značajno više u odnosu na vrijednosti u kontrolnih ispitanika. Vrijednosti ukupnog i indirektnoog bilirubina te alkalne fosfataze bile su statistički značajno više u izloženih radnika i pozitivno su korelirale s ukupnim Al izlučenim mokraćom nakon primjene kelatora. Može se zaključiti da kronična profesionalna izloženost prašini i dimu aluminija dovodi do tjelesnog opterećenja aluminijem i poremećaja bilijarne funkcije, što se odražava supkliničkim znakovima kolestaze

Preliminarni popis invazivnih stranih biljnih vrsta (IAS) u Hrvatskoj

In this paper a preliminary check-list of invasive alien plant species (IAS) in Croatia is presented. It has been created on the basis of the literature and of field observations. The list consists of 64 taxa, with family, life-form and geographic origin assigned to each IAS. Analyses according to family affiliation, life-form and origin were made. Out of 27 families the majority (24 families) belong to the dicotyledons. The most numerous family is Asteraceae, and genera with the highest number of IAS are Conyza, Erigeron and Impatiens. Life-form analysis showed the predominance of therophytes but also presence of hemicryptophytes, phanaerophytes and geophytes. In the origin analysis, IAS from the Americas predominated, followed by those from Asia and Africa.U radu je predstavljen preliminarni popis invazivnih stranih biljnih vrsta (IAS) u Hrvatskoj. Izrađen je na temelju literaturnih podataka i opažanja na terenu. Popis se sastoji od 64 svojte, kojima je pridružena pripadajuća porodica, životni oblik i geografsko podrijetlo. Izvršene su analize prema pripadnosti porodicama, životnom obliku i podrijetlu. Od 27 porodica većina (24 porodice) pripada dvosupnicama. Najbrojnija porodica je porodica Asteraceae dok su rodovi Conyza, Erigeron i Impatiens zastupljeni s najvećim brojem svojti. Analiza životnih oblika pokazala je dominaciju terofita, ali i prisutnost hemikriptofita, fanerofita i geofita. Po podrijetlu dominiraju invazivne svojte iz obiju Amerika, a slijede ih one iz Azije te Afrike

Features and Possibilities for Optimizing Farm Milk Production in Serbia

Milk production in Serbia is organized on farms of different capacities that mutually vary in relation to agro-ecological, zootechnical and production conditions. The aim of this paper is to present a part of the most important results that have been obtained so far, in the implementation of the project “Optimization of technological procedures and zootehnical resources on farms with the goal to upgrade sustainability of milk production”. The results that are presented relate to the most important features of farm cow milk production in Serbia, as well as the possibility for optimization of the most important technological procedures and zootechnical resources on which milk production is based. The structure of dairy farms in Serbia, in terms of size and number of animals, is not satisfactory, because the predominated types are small and medium scale farms. However, there are numerous possibilities for optimization of farm and zootechnical conditions and resources in order to improve the sustainability of milk production. These possibilities can be divided into optimizing selection and breeding methods, optimizing nutrition manners and physical form of forage and complete meals in the nutrition of dairy cows, optimizing housing conditions, welfare and health care in order to improve the sustainability of milk production, as well as optimizing milking and handling the milk after milking