Illinois Campus Media Census Survey Questionnaire

The survey questionnaire used for live, on-site interviews during the Illinois Campus Media Census.Ope

Abstract State Machines 1988-1998: Commented ASM Bibliography

An annotated bibliography of papers which deal with or use Abstract State Machines (ASMs), as of January 1998.Comment: Also maintained as a BibTeX file at http://www.eecs.umich.edu/gasm

Rapid Word Collection, dictionary production, and community well-being

I present evidence from multiple languages around the world to show that participation by community members in Rapid Word Collection (RWC) workshops and the resulting bilingual dictionary positively impacts their well-being. Sub-titled video testimonials by community members from languages in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific are presented or summarized in which they talk about participating in a RWC workshop. RWC methodology collects words by semantic domain during a two- to three-week workshop involving around 60 community members. It has been observed that concomitant with language development in general there is an increase in the status and value of the language on one hand and the self-image of its speakers on the other (Ostler 2003:176). A dictionary is one product of language documentation and conservation which is frequently requested by communities. Some of the reasons dictionaries and their production increase well-being are among the following. First, dictionaries are important for preserving language and culture data for posterity. Second, bilingual or trilingual dictionaries, especially, can be a conduit for understanding other cultures. Third, sometimes languages are not recognized as potential recipients of other governmental services until there is a dictionary or other language development product which confers status on the language. Fourth, a dictionary also serves as a literacy tool in the community and its schools, contributing to growing abilities in literacy RWC also benefits the scholar-fieldworker by generating an extensive wordlist which can help inform texts that are collected, providing a head start on text glossing and processing. In addition, it has been shown (Author et al) that RWC facilitates collecting more words in less time than other methods, thereby increasing the effectiveness of fieldwork with regard to time invested, numbers of words collected, and native speaker consensus about the data. The assertions made in this presentation are supported with data from a late 2015 RWC workshop in the Pacific, which I led with a team of seven US interns as part of research for a Documenting Endangered Languages fellowship. I conclude that the increased well-being and other benefits for the community, in addition to the effectiveness of the methodology warrant incorporation of RWC workshop methodology as part of best practice in lexicography for minority and endangered languages. Author, Gary F. Simons, and Verna Stutzman, In progress. Rapid Word Collection workshops: Community engagement yields more words in less time Ostler, Nicholas. 2003. Desperate straits for languages: How to survive. Language Documentation and Description 1:168-178

Automatic Erasure of Persistent Storage for Data Security

Non-volatile memories (NVMs) such as phase change memory (PCM) have speeds, latencies, and bandwidths close to those of random access memory (RAM). The performance and economy of PCM (and other NVMs) have led computer system designers to use NVM as swap space. However, swap data can include user information, including potentially sensitive information. The storage of such information in a NVM swap partition can enable an attacker to steal information from a victim’s computer, e.g., by forcing it to sleep and then reading the content of the NVM in another system. Per the techniques of this disclosure, such attacks on the swap partition are foiled by encrypting (and possibly compressing) the swap partition, and by deleting or otherwise rendering unreadable the encryption (or compression) key

Children's use of interpretations of evidence in judgments of behavior and beliefs

textThe ability to evaluate others’ behavior in terms of the intentions that guide it is a key development in children’s understanding of personal responsibility (Piaget, 1932/1965). According to Piaget, young children attribute responsibility on the basis of the objective effects of behavior because they are not able to understand the reasons for rules that define permitted and prohibited behaviors. In contrast, older children and adults attribute responsibility on the basis of the actor’s subjective intentions. This ability reflects children’s developing understanding that rules represent the rule-maker’s anticipation of potential effects of the behavior for the individual and the social group. Thus, the developmental shift from objective to subjective concepts of responsibility, as seen in children’s evaluations of behavior, marks underlying development in children’s understanding of the ontology and purpose of rules, as well as in children’s ability to use rules to guide their own behavior. Several types of intention information may be used to attribute responsibility. These can include whether a specific outcome was intended, the actors’ motives for acting, and their knowledge about potential outcomes of their actions. Research on children’s evaluations of behavior has been guided by two theories, Piaget’s (1932/1965) and Heider’s (1958), that emphasize different aspects of intentionality as central to mature concepts of subjective responsibility. On the basis of a review of research guided by each of these theories, this paper argues that understanding of foreseeability as basis for attributing responsibility for beliefs is central to a subjective concept of responsibility. Two experiments exploring development in children’s understanding of responsibility for foreseeable outcomes are described. In Experiment 1, 5-year-olds, 6- and 7-year-olds and adults used foreseeability to attribute responsibility for unintended outcomes. In Experiment 2, although 6- to 12-year-olds and adults all used foreseeability to attribute responsibility for unintended outcomes, only 12-year-olds and adults consistently used foreseeability to attribute responsibility for false beliefs. Using foreseeability to attribute responsibility for beliefs was related, independently of age, to greater use of foreseeability in attributing responsibility for outcomes. Results are discussed in terms of developments in understanding of relations among evidence, beliefs and responsibility for behavior.Psycholog

La Cour de Justice dans les négociations du Traité de Paris instituant la CECA = The Court of Justice in the negotiations of the Treaty of Paris establishing the ECSC

Basé sur une recherche extensive en archives, cet article examine les origines historiques de la première Cour de Justice européenne. Par une analyse détaillée des négociations du Traité de Paris (1951), il retrace le chemin, semé d’embuches, parcouru par les Six pour déterminer la forme à donner au pilier judiciaire des institutions de la CECA et pour définir sa composition, son fonctionnement et surtout ses compétences. L’auteur défend la thèse que les Pères de l’Europe (ou, du moins, la plupart d’entre eux) n’ont pas eu, durant cette période conceptrice, une vision claire de la contribution future que la Cour pourrait apporter à la construction d’une Europe unie et que sa création répondait avant tout au besoin de contrôler l’action de la Haute Autorité. = Based upon an extensive research in archives, this article examines the origins of the first European Court of Justice. By a detailed analysis of the negotiations of the Treaty of Paris (1951), it traces the way, strewn with obstacles, traversed by the Six to determine the form to give to the legal pillar of the ECSC institutions and to define its composition, its operation and especially its competences. The author argues that the Fathers of Europe (or, at least, the majority of them) did not foresee, during this period of conception, the key role that the Court would play in the progress of European unification and that its creation met above all the need to control the action of the ESCS High Authority

Single-event Rapid Word Collection workshops: Efficient, effective, empowering

In this paper we describe single-event Rapid Word Collection (RWC) workshop results in 12 languages, and compare these results to fieldwork lexicons collected by other means. We show that this methodology of collecting words by semantic domain by community engagement leads to obtaining more words in less time than conventional collection methods. Factors contributing to high and low net word senses are summarized, addressed, and suggestions given for increasing effectiveness of the RWC procedures. Relevant points are illustrated in detail using a 2015 Natügu [ntu] RWC workshop in the Solomon Islands. We conclude that the advantages of the single-event RWC workshop strategy warrant recommending it as best practice in lexicographic fieldwork for minority languages.National Foreign Language Resource Cente

Modeling web applications infrastructure with ASMs

We describe via Abstract State Machines the major ingredients of contemporary web applications: a web browser running JavaScript programs and a web server dispatching requests to one of several modules, each one representing a class of established web application frameworks. The web browser model comes in four levels, namely transport, stream, context and browser level, and is focussed on the interaction with possibly multiple servers (which requires a concurrent computation model) and on script execution (which requires a dynamic assignment of agents to programs). The server model is focussed on the Request–Reply pattern, and specifies a delegation strategy where the handling of a request is entrusted to a module. We show how several major frameworks for web applications can be described as progressive refinements of a number of basic modules. Three modules are further detailed: static file transfer, CGI and generic scripting modules

OF INTERPRETATIONS OF EVIDENCE IN JUDGMENTS OF BEHAVIOR AND BELIEFS

Education for girls is a good thing! It is also dedicated to the memory of my cousin