Preparo mecanico pre e transoperatorio retrogrado do colo : estudo comparativo em cães

Orientador: Sergio BrennerCoordenador: Osvaldo MalafaiaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Parana, Setor de Ciencias daSaudeResumo: O objetivo deste trabalho prospectivo e randomizado, foi comparar a vacuidade cólica proporcionada pelos preparos mecânicos pré-operatório e transoperatório retrógrado, e sua interferência na evolução das anastomoses primárias no colo descendente, segundo parâmetros macro e microscópicos Foram utilizados 28 cães, distribuídos em dois grupos de quatorze, sendo o grupo I (controle) submetido ao preparo mecânico pré-operatório à base de dieta e enemas e o grupo II (experimento) submetido ao preparo mecânico transoperatório retrógrado. Em ambos realizou-se colectomia descendente segmentar seguida de anastomose primária. Os cães de cada grupo foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois sub-grupos de 7 animais cada e foram sacrificados no 3. e 7. dia de pós-operatório Estudou-se a eficiência do preparo intestinal na vacuidade cólica, tempo da operação, avaliação macroscópica da anastomose, resistência à insuflação de ar e avaliação microscópica óptica da anastomose. Concluiu-se que. (1) A vacuidade cólica obtida no grupo II foi significativamente melhor do que no grupo I; (2) O tempo da operação foi significativamente maior no grupo II, em decorrência do tempo dispendido na irrigação cólica; (3) A presença de microabscessos, na microscopia óptica, foi significativamente maior no grupo II - sub-grupo C (3. dia de pós-operatório), não aparecendo esta diferença no sub-grupo sacrificado no 7. dia de pós-operatório; (4) A semelhança na observação clínica dos animais, achados macroscópicos, resistência â insuflação de ar e demais achados microscópicos ópticos revelou equivalência entre os tipos de preparo mecânico de colo analisados.Abstract: The objective of this prospective and randomized trial, was to compare the colic vacuity proportioned by the preoperative mechanical preparation and the retrograde transoperative, as well as its intervention in the anastomosis evolution, primarily applied to the descendent colon of dogs, according to the macro and microscopic parameters. Twenty eight dogs were used and they were distributed in two groups of fourteen animals each, being group I (control) submitted to the mechanical preoperative preparation based on diet and enemas, and group II (experiment) submitted to the mechanical retrograde transoperative preparation. Descendent segmental colectomy was applied in both groups followed by primary anastomosis. The dogs of each group were aleatorily distributed into two sub-groups of seven animals each and they were checked on the third and seventh day of postoperative. It was studied: the efficiency of the intestinal preparation in the colic vacuity, the surgical time, the macroscopic anastomosis evaluation, the resistence to the air insufflation and the microscopical optica of the anastomosis. It was concluded that: (1) the colic vacuity obtained in group II was significantly better than the one obtained in group I; (2) the surgical time was significantly longer in group II, in consequence of the time dispensed with the colic irrigation; (3) the presence of microabscesses in the optical microscopy was significantly bigger in group II - subgroup C (third day of postoperative) and it was noticed that such difference didn't appear in the subgroup checked on the seventh day of postoperative; (4) the likeness in the clinical observation of the animal, macroscopic findings, the resistence to air insufflation and other microscopical optica findings revealed that both types of colic preparation are equivalent

Improved radiative corrections for (e,e'p) experiments: Beyond the peaking approximation and implications of the soft-photon approximation

Analysing (e,e'p) experimental data involves corrections for radiative effects which change the interaction kinematics and which have to be carefully considered in order to obtain the desired accuracy. Missing momentum and energy due to bremsstrahlung have so far always been calculated using the peaking approximation which assumes that all bremsstrahlung is emitted in the direction of the radiating particle. In this article we introduce a full angular Monte Carlo simulation method which overcomes this approximation. The angular distribution of the bremsstrahlung photons is reconstructed from H(e,e'p) data. Its width is found to be underestimated by the peaking approximation and described much better by the approach developed in this work.Comment: 11 pages, 13 figure

Multiphysics and Thermodynamic Formulations for Equilibrium and Non-equilibrium Interactions: Non-linear Finite Elements Applied to Multi-coupled Active Materials

[EN] Combining several theories this paper presents a general multiphysics framework applied to the study of coupled and active materials, considering mechanical, electric, magnetic and thermal fields. The framework is based on thermodynamic equilibrium and non-equilibrium interactions, both linked by a two-temperature model. The multi-coupled governing equations are obtained from energy, momentum and entropy balances; the total energy is the sum of thermal, mechanical and electromagnetic parts. The momentum balance considers mechanical plus electromagnetic balances; for the latter the Abraham rep- resentation using the Maxwell stress tensor is formulated. This tensor is manipulated to automatically fulfill the angular momentum balance. The entropy balance is for- mulated using the classical Gibbs equation for equilibrium interactions and non-equilibrium thermodynamics. For the non-linear finite element formulations, this equation requires the transformation of thermoelectric coupling and conductivities into tensorial form. The two-way thermoe- lastic Biot term introduces damping: thermomechanical, pyromagnetic and pyroelectric converse electromagnetic dynamic interactions. Ponderomotrix and electromagnetic forces are also considered. The governing equations are converted into a variational formulation with the resulting four-field, multi-coupled formalism implemented and val- idated with two custom-made finite elements in the research code FEAP. Standard first-order isoparametric eight-node elements with seven degrees of freedom (dof) per node (three displacements, voltage and magnetic scalar potentials plus two temperatures) are used. Non-linearities and dynamics are solved with Newton-Raphson and New- mark-b algorithms, respectively. Results of thermoelectric, thermoelastic, thermomagnetic, piezoelectric, piezomag- netic, pyroelectric, pyromagnetic and galvanomagnetic interactions are presented, including non-linear depen- dency on temperature and some second-order interactions.This research was partially supported by grants CSD2008-00037 Canfranc Underground Physics, Polytechnic University of Valencia under programs PAID 02-11-1828 and 05-10-2674. The first author used the grant Generalitat Valenciana BEST/2014/232 for the completion of this work.Pérez-Aparicio, JL.; Palma, R.; Taylor, R. (2016). Multiphysics and Thermodynamic Formulations for Equilibrium and Non-equilibrium Interactions: Non-linear Finite Elements Applied to Multi-coupled Active Materials. Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering. 23:535-583. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-015-9149-9S53558323Abraham M (1910) Sull’elettrodinamica di Minkowski. 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Document | Itemized receipt from Blun & Frank to Mary Caldwell, December 1862

Itemized receipt for $38.80 from Blun & Frank to Mrs. J.H. [Mary Darthula Greer] Caldwell December 31, 1862.https://digitalcommons.jsu.edu/lib_ac_caldwell/1266/thumbnail.jp

Estudo citofotométrico do ADN de câncer gástrico.

Orientador : Osvaldo MalafaiaCo-orientador : Plínio Gasperin JúniorTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciencias da SaúdeResumo: O tumor gástrico maligno constitui-se atualmente numa das mais intrigantes doenças da oncologia e seu diagnóstico, terapêutica e prognóstico vem sendo objeto de pesquisa em vários pólos científicos. O objetivo do presente trabalho é avaliar o comportamento citofotométrico do ADN em casos de câncer gástrico, proveniente de material arquivado em blocos de parafina, no que se refere à taxa de ploidia nuclear e avaliação dos parâmetros morfométricos, densitométricos e texturais em 28 casos de adenocarcinoma gástrico. Tais parâmetros foram obtidos e analisados através da citometria de imagem em células coradas pelo método de FEULGEN, de material de arquivo fixado pela formalina, acondicionados em blocos de parafina, digeridos pela pronase a 0,05%, utilizando-se o processador de imagem SAMBA 4000, TITN, (Alcatel, Grenoble, França), no Instituto de Pesquisas Médicas do Hospital Universitário Evangélico de Curitiba / Faculdade Evangélica de Medicina do Paraná. Analisaram-se os resultados pelo estudo estatístico monovariado, utilizando-se o software do sistema SAMBA 4000. Os resultados demonstram que, da amostragem inicial, 41,2% dos casos foram considerados como tendo condições técnicas para compor o estudo. Não houve unanimidade do diagnóstico histopatológico em 10,7% da amostra, quando analisados os padrões histológicos intestinal e difuso e, em 21,4% quando avaliados os graus de diferenciação: bem, moderadamente e pouco diferenciado. Não houveram diferenças estatísticas quando comparados os padrões histológicos intestinal e difuso, em relação aos parâmetros matemáticos avaliados pelo SAMBA 4000. A área nuclear dos tumores considerados bem diferenciados foi significativamente maior do que aqueles considerados moderadamente diferenciados. A metodologia empregada evidenciou uma curva de tendência paralela entre os graus de diferenciação histológica e a ploidia nuclear, ou seja, quanto menor o grau de diferenciação (pouco diferenciado), maior a presença da aneuploidia e quanto maior o grau de diferenciação (bem diferenciado), maior a presença de diploidia. Na avaliação dos padrões histológicos intestinal e difuso, houve similaridade de resultados na ploidia nuclear. A citometria de imagem do ácido desoxirríbonucleico (ADN), merece ter a multiplicação de sua aplicação em outros estudos de doenças gástricas, visando a validação técnica e clínica do método.Abstract: Actually gastric cancer is one of the most intriguing diseases of the oncology. The diagnosis, treatment and prognosis is coming object of research in various scientific centers. The aim of the present trial is to appraise the DNA-cytophotometric behavior of the gastric cancer cases using paraffin-embedded archival tissue and, for this, it analysis the nuclear ploidy status, the morphometry, densitometric and the textural features in 28 cases of gastric tumors , being all of them adenocarcinoma. This parameters was obtained and analysed by the DNA-cytophotometry in FEULGEN stain, using the SAMBA 4000 system (Grenoble, France) at the Medical Research Institute of the Evagelic Hospital / Evangelic Medical University in Curitiba/Parana/Brazil. Monovariate statistics studies was applied with the SAMBA 4000 system software. The results showed that 41,2% of the inicial cases was considered with ideal technical conditions to compose this research. Unanimity was not find in the histopathological diagnosis in 10,7% of the sample, when analysed intestinal against diffuse histological patterns and in 21,4% when analysed the differents grades: well differentiated, moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated. It was not find statistical differences between intestinal and diffuse histological patterns, when studied the parameters by the SAMBA 4000 system. The nuclear area of the well differentiated tumors was statistically higher than moderately differentiated tumors. By means of the methodology, showed a parallel tendency curved line between the differents histological grades and the nuclear ploidy status. In the evaluation of the intestinal and diffuse histological patterns was encountered a similarity in the nuclear ploidy results. The study of DNA-cytophotometry must be increase in others researches of the gastric diseases to clinical and technical validation of this method

Preparo mecanico pre e transoperatorio retrogrado do colo : estudo comparativo em cães

Orientador: Sergio BrennerCoordenador: Osvaldo MalafaiaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Parana, Setor de Ciencias daSaudeResumo: O objetivo deste trabalho prospectivo e randomizado, foi comparar a vacuidade cólica proporcionada pelos preparos mecânicos pré-operatório e transoperatório retrógrado, e sua interferência na evolução das anastomoses primárias no colo descendente, segundo parâmetros macro e microscópicos Foram utilizados 28 cães, distribuídos em dois grupos de quatorze, sendo o grupo I (controle) submetido ao preparo mecânico pré-operatório à base de dieta e enemas e o grupo II (experimento) submetido ao preparo mecânico transoperatório retrógrado. Em ambos realizou-se colectomia descendente segmentar seguida de anastomose primária. Os cães de cada grupo foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois sub-grupos de 7 animais cada e foram sacrificados no 3. e 7. dia de pós-operatório Estudou-se a eficiência do preparo intestinal na vacuidade cólica, tempo da operação, avaliação macroscópica da anastomose, resistência à insuflação de ar e avaliação microscópica óptica da anastomose. Concluiu-se que. (1) A vacuidade cólica obtida no grupo II foi significativamente melhor do que no grupo I; (2) O tempo da operação foi significativamente maior no grupo II, em decorrência do tempo dispendido na irrigação cólica; (3) A presença de microabscessos, na microscopia óptica, foi significativamente maior no grupo II - sub-grupo C (3. dia de pós-operatório), não aparecendo esta diferença no sub-grupo sacrificado no 7. dia de pós-operatório; (4) A semelhança na observação clínica dos animais, achados macroscópicos, resistência â insuflação de ar e demais achados microscópicos ópticos revelou equivalência entre os tipos de preparo mecânico de colo analisados.Abstract: The objective of this prospective and randomized trial, was to compare the colic vacuity proportioned by the preoperative mechanical preparation and the retrograde transoperative, as well as its intervention in the anastomosis evolution, primarily applied to the descendent colon of dogs, according to the macro and microscopic parameters. Twenty eight dogs were used and they were distributed in two groups of fourteen animals each, being group I (control) submitted to the mechanical preoperative preparation based on diet and enemas, and group II (experiment) submitted to the mechanical retrograde transoperative preparation. Descendent segmental colectomy was applied in both groups followed by primary anastomosis. The dogs of each group were aleatorily distributed into two sub-groups of seven animals each and they were checked on the third and seventh day of postoperative. It was studied: the efficiency of the intestinal preparation in the colic vacuity, the surgical time, the macroscopic anastomosis evaluation, the resistence to the air insufflation and the microscopical optica of the anastomosis. It was concluded that: (1) the colic vacuity obtained in group II was significantly better than the one obtained in group I; (2) the surgical time was significantly longer in group II, in consequence of the time dispensed with the colic irrigation; (3) the presence of microabscesses in the optical microscopy was significantly bigger in group II - subgroup C (third day of postoperative) and it was noticed that such difference didn't appear in the subgroup checked on the seventh day of postoperative; (4) the likeness in the clinical observation of the animal, macroscopic findings, the resistence to air insufflation and other microscopical optica findings revealed that both types of colic preparation are equivalent