Hållbarhetsredovisning

Transportbranschen är en av de branscher som ofta förekommer i debatten kring klimatförändringar, men de är även en av de branscher som ligger långt fram i utvecklingen vad gäller redovisning kring hållbar utveckling. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att utreda vad som ger en lyckad eller god hållbarhetsredovisning. Med lyckad eller god menas att hållbarhetsredovisningen bidrar till att ge företaget legitimitet från sina intressenter samt att hållbarhetsredovisningen tillgodoser intressenternas informationsbehov och att företaget lyckas kommunicera sin hållbarhetsredovisning till sina intressenter. Detta skall göras genom att utifrån teorier kring intressenter, legitimitet och kommunikation analysera riktlinjer som finns för hållbarhetsredovisning samt genom att studera två fallföretag inom transportbranschen, vilka har prisats som goda förebilder. En lyckad hållbarhetsredovisning är en redovisning som följer de uppsatta riktlinjer och standarder t.ex GRI och FN:s Global Compact, som idag finns och som erbjuds till företag som vill använda sig av hållbarhetsredovisning. Viktigt är också att företag gör en tydlig identifikation av alla sina intressenter samt att de för en tydlig dialog med dessa för att kunna tillgodose de behov och krav som intressenterna ställer på företaget. I arbetet används SAS och Green Cargo som exempel för hur en lyckad hållbarhetsredovisning kan se ut eftersom de båda mottagit pris för att vara duktiga inom detta område. Transportbranschen är som sagt en bransch som kan anses vara lite smutsig, men både SAS och Green Cargo arbetar med att skapa en legitmitet kring sin verksamhet. De vill absolut inte skylla ifrån sig utan arbetar ständigt med förbättringar och vill redovisa allt som händer inom verksamheten, vilket ger företaget en högre trovärdighet i samhället.The transport sector is a sector which is often mentioned within the debate about climatechange; however it is also a sector that is far ahead when it comes to sustainability reporting. The aim for this study is to examine what it is that makes for a successful sustainability report. The term successful means the sustainability report contributes to the company to gain legitimacy from its stakeholders. The report should also meet the stakeholders’ demand for information and the company needs to be able to communicate their sustainability report to their stakeholders. This will be accomplished by from theories about stakeholders, legitimacy and communication analyze guidelines that exists for sustainability reporting and by studying two companies within the transport sector whom have been awarded as good examples of sustainability reporting. A successful sustainability report is a report that follows the existing guidelines and standards i.e. GRI and UN Global Compact which are offered to companies who wants to make a sustainability report. It is also important for companies to make a clear and thorough identification of their stakeholders and to have a continuous dialog with their stakeholders to ensure they as a company meet the needs and demands of their stakeholders. In this study SAS and Green Cargo are used as examples of a successful sustainability report since they both have received and been acknowledged for being successful at sustainability reporting. The transport sector is sometimes viewed upon as a sector that is somewhat unclean, but both of the companies work hard to create some sort of legitimacy for their business. That does not mean in any way that the companies don’t take responsibility for their actions. They both strive to make improvements and they also account for everything within the organisation, which gives the companies some sort of credibility within the society

Effect of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate on maintaining the periodontal ligament cell viability of avulsed teeth: a preliminary study

PURPOSE: Avulsed tooth can be completely recovered, if sound periodontal ligament (PDL) of tooth is maintained. Although a lot of storage solutions have been explored for the better storage of avulsed tooth, there is a shortcoming that the preservation time is much short. On the other hand, there has been studies that (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant polyphenol in green tea, which is related to the anti inflammatory, antioxygenic, and antibacterial effects, allows the successful preservations of tissues and cells. This study evaluated the effect of EGCG on avulsed-teeth preservation of Beagle dogs for a period of time. METHODS: The atraumatically extracted teeth of Beagle dogs were washed and preserved with 0/10/100 µM of EGCG at the time of immediate, period 1 (4 days in EGCG-contained media and additional 1 day in EGCG-free media), period 2 (8 days in EGCG-contained media and additional 2 days in EGCG-free media) and period 3 (12 days in EGCG-contained media and additional 2 days in EGCG-free media). Then, the cell viabilities of preserved teeth was calculated by dividing optical density (OD) of 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay with OD of eosin assay to eliminate the measurement errors caused by the different tissue volumes. RESULTS: From the results, the immediately analyzed group presented the highest cell viability, and the rate of living cells on teeth surface decreased dependent on the preservation period. However, the 100 µM of EGCG-treated group showed statistically significant positive cell activity than EGCG-free groups throughout preservation periods. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings showed that 100 µM EGCG could maintain PDL cell viability of extracted tooth. These results suggest that although EGCG could not be a perfect additive for tooth preservation, it is able to postpone the period of tooth storage. However, further in-depth studies are required for more plausible use of EGCG.ope

Histomorphometric analysis of inflammatory response and necrosis in re-implanted central incisor of rats treated with low-level laser therapy

Low-level laser therapy is a tool employed in the management of post-operative inflammation process and in the enhancement of reparative process. The aim of the study was to perform histological evaluation of dental and periodontal ligament of rats central upper-left incisor teeth re-implanted and irradiated with low-level laser (InGaAl, 685 nm, 50 J/cm2) 15, 30, and 60 days after re-implantation. Seventy-two male rats had the central upper left incisor removed and kept for 15 min on dry gauze before replantation. Laser was irradiated over the root surface and empty alveolus prior replantation and over surrounding mucosa after the re-implantation. After histological procedures, all slices were analyzed regarding external resorption area and histological aspects. We observed an increase of root resorption (p < 0.05) in the control group compared to the laser group at 15, 30, and 60 days. These results showed that the laser groups developed less root resorption areas than the control group in all experimental periods. Additionally, histological analysis revealed less inflammatory cells and necrotic areas in laser groups