HPLC–(Q)-TOF-MS-Based Study of Plasma Metabolic Profile Differences Associated with Age in Pediatric Population Using an Animal Model

[EN] A deep knowledge about the biological development of children is essential for appropriate drug administration and dosage in pediatrics. In this sense, the best approximation to study organ maturation is the analysis of tissue samples, but it requires invasive methods. For this reason, surrogate matrices should be explored. Among them, plasma emerges as a potential alternative since it represents a snapshot of global organ metabolism. In this work, plasma metabolic profiles from piglets of different ages (newborns, infants, and children) obtained by HPLC–(Q)-TOF-MS at positive and negative ionization modes were studied. Improved clustering within groups was achieved using multiblock principal component analysis compared to classical principal component analysis. Furthermore, the separation observed among groups was better resolved by using partial least squares-discriminant analysis, which was validated by bootstrapping and permutation testing. Thanks to univariate analysis, 13 metabolites in positive and 21 in negative ionization modes were found to be significant to discriminate the three groups of piglets. From these features, an acylcarnitine and eight glycerophospholipids were annotated and identified as metabolites of interest. The findings indicate that there is a relevant change with age in lipid metabolism in which lysophosphatidylcholines and lysophoshatidylethanolamines play an important role.This research was funded by UPV/EHU (Project GIU16/04) and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Project CTQ2013-46179-R)

Water Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenol Compounds from Brewer’s Spent Grain: Kinetic Study, Extract Characterization, and Concentration

Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) was chemically characterized obtaining 52.1% of carbohydrates, 17.8% protein, 5.9% lipids, 13.5% insoluble lignin and 24.3% of water-soluble extractives. This work has been focused on the study of polyphenol extraction of the extractive fraction by water ultrasound-assisted extraction. Selected extraction conditions were 47 °C and 21.7 mL water/gdry-BSG. The effect of solvent polarity on polyphenol extraction was studied by using ethanol aqueous mixtures, from 20% to 100% ethanol. The kinetics of polyphenol extraction have been fitted to the power law and the Weibull models yielding mean values of the root mean square deviation lower than 7.5%. Extracts have been characterized in terms of quantification of individual phenolic compounds by HPLC-DAD and protein and sugar soluble fractions (glucose, xylose, and arabinose). Polyphenol profile has been compared with other hydrolytic techniques, such as acid, basic and enzymatic hydrolysis, showing that ultrasound was not as effective as basic hydrolysis to release the phenolic acids esterified to the cell wall. A further centrifuge ultrafiltration concentration step was able to yield a retentate enriched in the protein fraction while individual phenolic compounds where mainly transferred to the permeate.Junta de Castilla y León (JCyL) and ERDF for financial support of project BU301P18, and O. Benito-Román post-doctoral contract. To JCyL and ESF for the predoctoral contracts of E. Trigueros and P. Alonso-Riaño and for the contracts of D. Benito-Bedoya and D. M. Aymara-Caiza through the YEI program

Sindrome metabolikoa: XXI. mendearen madarikazioa

Bizi-baldintzen etengabeko bilakaeran gaur egungo gizarteak bereganatu dituen hainbat ohituren ondorioz (dieta desorekatua eta ariketa fisiko eskasa besteak beste), esan daiteke eritasun kardiobasku larren intzidentzia goraka doala . Eritasun kardiobaskularren izenpean hainbat patologia topa ditzakegu (b ihotzekoa , istripu zerebrobaskularra .. . ) eta hauen atzean dauden arrisku-faktoreak desberdinak dira: hipertentsioa, kolesterola, diabetesa, obesitatea ... Arrisku-faktore hauek ez dira normalean banaka agertzen, eta elkarrekin konbinatzen dira sindrome merabolikoa delakoaren barruan. Sindrome metabolikoa kon trolatzeko bizimoduan aldaketa txikiak baina garrantzitsuak ezarri behar dira eta neurri horiek nahikoak ez direnean bakarrik hasi behar gara medikamentuak erabi ltzen. Arrisku-faktore bakoitzak tratamendu ezberdina behar duenez, beharrezkoa gertatzen da farmako ezberdinez osatu riko terapia kardiobaskular konbinarua delakoa. Orokorrean, terapia honetan, hipertentsioaren aurkako botikak erabiltzen dira presio arteriala jaisteko, hipolipemianteak gorputzeko gantz kontzentrazioak kontrolatzeko, eta bestetik intsulina edo diabetesaren aurkako botikak glukosa mailak murrizteko. Horretaz gain, koagulazioa eta agregazio plaketarioa saihesteko botikak erabiltzen dira, sarritan gertatzen den arterien buxadurak ekiditeko

Sindrome metabolikoa: XXI. mendearen madarikazioa

Bizi-baldintzen etengabeko bilakaeran gaur egungo gizarteak bereganatu dituen hainbat ohituren ondorioz (dieta desorekatua eta ariketa fisiko eskasa besteak beste), esan daiteke eritasun kardiobasku larren intzidentzia goraka doala . Eritasun kardiobaskularren izenpean hainbat patologia topa ditzakegu (b ihotzekoa , istripu zerebrobaskularra .. . ) eta hauen atzean dauden arrisku-faktoreak desberdinak dira: hipertentsioa, kolesterola, diabetesa, obesitatea ... Arrisku-faktore hauek ez dira normalean banaka agertzen, eta elkarrekin konbinatzen dira sindrome merabolikoa delakoaren barruan. Sindrome metabolikoa kon trolatzeko bizimoduan aldaketa txikiak baina garrantzitsuak ezarri behar dira eta neurri horiek nahikoak ez direnean bakarrik hasi behar gara medikamentuak erabi ltzen. Arrisku-faktore bakoitzak tratamendu ezberdina behar duenez, beharrezkoa gertatzen da farmako ezberdinez osatu riko terapia kardiobaskular konbinarua delakoa. Orokorrean, terapia honetan, hipertentsioaren aurkako botikak erabiltzen dira presio arteriala jaisteko, hipolipemianteak gorputzeko gantz kontzentrazioak kontrolatzeko, eta bestetik intsulina edo diabetesaren aurkako botikak glukosa mailak murrizteko. Horretaz gain, koagulazioa eta agregazio plaketarioa saihesteko botikak erabiltzen dira, sarritan gertatzen den arterien buxadurak ekiditeko

Synthesis Characterization of Nanostructured ZnCo2O4 with High Sensitivity to CO Gas

In this work, nanostructured ZnCo2O4 was synthesized via a microwave-assisted colloidal method, and its application as gas sensor for the detection of CO was studied. Typical diffraction peaks corresponding to the cubic ZnCo2O4 spinel structure were identified at calcination temperature of 500°C by X-ray powder diffraction. A high degree of porosity in the surface of the nanostructured powder of ZnCo2O4 was observed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, faceted nanoparticles with a pockmarked structure were clearly identified. The estimated average particle size was approximately 75 nm. The formation of ZnCo2O4 material was also confirmed by Raman characterization. Pellets fabricated with nanostructured powder of ZnCo2O4 were tested as sensors using CO gas at different concentrations and temperatures. A high sensitivity value of 305–300 ppm of CO was measured at 300°C, indicating that nanostructured ZnCo2O4 had a high performance in the detection of CO

Valoración del diseño por competencias del internado vertical en medicina interna en Cuba

Introducción: Se confeccionó un programa vertical para internos en Medicina Interna, en el marco del perfeccionamiento del plan de estudio y han sido discutidos y valorados por profesores a lo largo del país. Objetivo: Valorar el nuevo diseño por competencias del Programa del Internado Vertical en Medicina Interna. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una investigación de corte cualitativo consistente en el análisis crítico de una propuesta inicial de Programa. Mediante rondas de discusión por vía electrónica centradas en la valoración del diseño por competencias. Resultados: Se arribó al consenso en que el internado vertical suaviza el salto de la brecha en la preparación clínica que existe entre una carrera dirigida a formar un médico integral para la comunidad y una residencia dirigida a formar un médico integral para los hospitales. Se definen las competencias y se manifiesta su coherencia con las funciones del perfil de salida y diferentes componentes didácticos. El diseño evidencia flexibilidad adaptada a la situación asistencial dinámica del servicio de Medicina Interna en particular en la disponibilidad y calidad de los recursos. Conclusiones: El programa  satisface en esencia el diseño por competencias que se ve evidenciado en sus componentes no personales. Su flexibilidad aspira a permitir que el currículo pensado y el vivido no difieran en lo fundamental y a que se puedan adoptar decisiones según exija cada situación del aprendizaje.Palabras clave: Medicina interna, programa de estudio, carrera de Medicina, diseño curricular, práctica preprofesional, competencias clínicas, Cuba. ABSTRACTIntroduction: It has been elaborated an Internal Medicine's vertical program in the ambit of the improvement of the study program and it has been debated and assessed by professors along the length of the country. Objective: To appraise the new design for competence of the vertical program of sixth year medicine´s students in Internal Medicine. Material and Methods: The investigation was qualitative consisting of the critical analysis of the program using rounds of discussion for e-mails focusing in the assessment of the design by competences. Results: The authors arrive to consensus in that the vertical program softens the jump of the breach in the clinical preparation that exists between a career addressed to instruct an integral doctor for the community and a guided residence to instruct an integral doctor for the hospitals. Are defined the competences keeping his coherence with the functions of the profile of exit and different didactic components. The design evidences adapted flexibility to the dynamic situation of Internal Medicine's service in particular in availability and quality of the resources. Conclusions: The revised program fulfills in essence the designing for competences evidenced in its not personal components. Its flexibility pretend to allow that the thought and the lived curriculum not differ in it fundamental and to get decisions according to demand from each situation of learning.Key words: Internal medicine, program of study, medicine career, curricular design, preprofesional practice, clinical competences, Cuba.</p

Animal Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Autoimmunity is a condition in which the host organizes an immune response against its own antigens. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology, characterized by the presence of chronic inflammatory infiltrates, the development of destructive arthropathy, bone erosion, and degradation of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone. There is currently no treatment that resolves the disease, only the use of palliatives, and not all patients respond to pharmacologic therapy. According to RA multifactorial origin, several in vivo models have been used to evaluate its pathophysiology as well as to identify the usefulness of biomarkers to predict, to diagnose, or to evaluate the prognosis of the disease. This chapter focuses on the most common in vivo models used for the study of RA, including those related with genetic, immunological, hormonal, and environmental interactions. Similarly, the potential of these models to understand RA pathogenesis and to test preventive and therapeutic strategies of autoimmune disorder is also highlighted. In conclusion, of all the animal models discussed, the CIA model could be considered the most successful by generating arthritis using type II collagen and adjuvants and evaluating therapeutic compounds both intra-articularly and systemically

Enfrentando los riesgos socionaturales

El objetivo del libro es comprender la magnitud de los Riesgos Socionaturales en México y Latinoamérica, para comprender el peligro que existe por algún tipo de desastre, ya sea inundaciones, sismos, remoción en masa, entre otros, además conocer qué medidas preventivas, correctivas y de contingencias existen para estar atentos ante alguna señal que la naturaleza esté enviando y así evitar alguna catástrofe. El libro se enfoca en los aspectos básicos de análisis de los peligros, escenarios de riesgo, vulnerabilidad y resiliencia, importantes para la gestión prospectiva o preventiva

Predictors of Response to Exclusive Enteral Nutrition in Newly Diagnosed Crohn´s Disease in Children: PRESENCE Study from SEGHNP

Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) has been shown to be more effective than corticosteroids in achieving mucosal healing in children with Crohn´s disease (CD) without the adverse effects of these drugs. The aims of this study were to determine the efficacy of EEN in terms of inducing clinical remission in children newly diagnosed with CD, to describe the predictive factors of response to EEN and the need for treatment with biological agents during the first 12 months of the disease. We conducted an observational retrospective multicentre study that included paediatric patients newly diagnosed with CD between 2014–2016 who underwent EEN. Two hundred and twenty-two patients (140 males) from 35 paediatric centres were included, with a mean age at diagnosis of 11.6 ± 2.5 years. The median EEN duration was 8 weeks (IQR 6.6–8.5), and 184 of the patients (83%) achieved clinical remission (weighted paediatric Crohn’s Disease activity index [wPCDAI] 15 mg/L and ileal involvement tended to respond better to EEN. EEN administered for 6–8 weeks is effective for inducing clinical remission. Due to the high response rate in our series, EEN should be used as the first-line therapy in luminal paediatric Crohn’s disease regardless of the location of disease and disease activityS

Procesos de aplicación conceptual y práctico de la normatividad tributaria en contextos investigativos procedimentales tributarios para el fortalecimiento de las competencias disciplinares y profesionales

La presente investigación planteó como objetivo realizar las memorias con las temáticas investigativas que se desarrollaron en el Seminario de Investigación Aplicada, con el fin de actualizar en los participantes y fortalecer sus conocimientos específicos en materia tributaria con base en los temas investigativos dispuestos y orientados por cada docente desde su inicio, elaboración, construcción y presentación ante los docentes evaluadores. Los trabajos cumplen su fin primordial con es fortalecer con los desarrollos temático de cada módulo visto en el SIA sus capacidades y competencias profesionales especialmente en el contexto tributario, en cumplimiento al requerimiento para otorgar al título de Especialistas en Gerencia Tributaria. Luego las memorias compiladas son el resultado de los trabajos presentados y evaluados oportunamente por cada docente comprometido con la calidad en cuanto a las temáticas investigativas, calidad de los contenidos, talleres teóricos prácticos, elementos metodológicos y de más lineamentos institucionales y del programa. La importancia de las memorias radica en su contenido el cual desglosa definiciones, conceptos, desarrollos teóricos prácticos, constituyéndose en un ejemplar de consulta investigativa en áreas de conocimiento fiscal y tributario en el marco de la Ley 1819 de 2016 y sus decretos reglamentarios, en síntesis al interior encontraremos fundamentos teóricos prácticos, procedimentales y resolutivos de casos especiales de Gravamen a los Movimientos Financieros, Monotributo, Renta Personas Naturales, Renta Personas Jurídicas, Procedimiento Tributario, Impuestos Distritales, Normas internacionales de Información Financiera Pymes, entre otros temas